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KY NANG SCr DUNG PHUONG TIEN GIANG DAY TRONG OAO TAO THEO TIN CHI CUA GlAO SINH THUC TAP SU PHAM TS Duong Thi Thoan Khoa Tdm ly Gido due Trudng Dgi hgc Hdng Due Kit qud nghiin cuu trin 249 gido sinh n[.]
KY NANG SCr DUNG PHUONG TIEN GIANG DAY TRONG OAO TAO THEO TIN CHI CUA GlAO SINH THUC TAP SU PHAM TS Duong Thi Thoan Khoa Tdm ly - Gido due Trudng Dgi hgc Hdng Due Kit qud nghiin cuu trin 249 gido sinh ngdnh Tdm ly - Gido due dang thuc tdp su phgm cho thdy, theo tv ddnh gid cia bdn thdn gida sinh kv ndng su dung phuang lien gidng day Irong ddo tag theo tin chi cua hg dgt mic dd trung binh Cdc nhdm ky ndng thdnh phdn ciia ky ndng ndy phdt triin khdng ding diu trang dd gido sinh dgi tnic lot nhdi Id ky ndng su dung cdng nghi thdng tin Irong gidng dgy vd kim nhit Id kf ndng giao Uip tuang tdc vdi ngudi hgc Ugng gidng day Tir khda: Ky ndng: Ky ndng gidng dgy: Ky ndng gidng dgy Iheo lin chi: Kf ndng su dting phuang tifn gidng dgy Ngdynhdnbdi: 3\l3nO[6; Ngdt'duyil ddng bdi- 25/9/2016 B$t v i n d l "Be ttipc hien ttiinh cdng bit cd mpt boat dgng nio ngudi cung phii sd dpng cic cdng eu, phuang tidn lao dpng gia cdng via vat ligu, tjo sin phfim Cdng cp, phuang tien cfing tdt vfi hidn dji tfii san phim boat ddng eing djt nfing suat chat lugng vfi hidu qufi eao Cdng ep, phuong tidn dd cd thi d ttong hay ngofii ngudi Iao ddng" [3, 195) Trong hojt dgng day hgc, ngudi gifio vidn cung su dung cfic cdng cu phuang tidn dd tfie ddng vfio ngudi hpe, lira biln ddi vfi phfit tiidn nhfin cfich cda ngudi hgc Cdng cu lao ddng cda ngudi gifio vidn Ifi nhan each eda chinh hp - dd la phfim chat chinh tii ly tudng dfio lao till h j tid, Idng ydu nghl, mdn tie 'ttinh dp hgc van, cac ky nang nghe nghidp Ngoai ra, nghl su pham cdn su dpiig eac \oat phuong tijn Iao dgng khae nhu: ngdn ngu, phi ngdn ngtt dd dung djy hpc ttiiet bi ky ttiujt djy hgc Song phuong tidn, ky ttiujt day hoc dd cd hien dai den dau cung ehi cd tac dung tao didu kidn ttiuan Ipi cho vide thuc hien cfic mpc TAP CHlTAMLyHOC, 56 10(211), 10-2016 tieu giio dpc vfi day hgc mdt khd khfin vi nd khdng tiid thay thd dupc vai tro eda ngudi gifio vidn [6] Nhung phuang tien nfiy khdng cd sin d ngudi giio vidn, nd 14 kit qua cda ci mdt qua tiinh ren luydn nghiem tdc cda hp Do vjy, de djt higu qui eao ttong hojt ddng djy hgc, tii dang ngdi ttdn ghd nha ttudng, nhftng sinh vidn su pham phii tich cue ren luyen tay nghl dl cd mdt cdng cp, phuong tien day hgc tdt nhat Tuy nhidn, ttipc tl, qua ttinh tdn luydn nghidp vp su phjm d ttudng su phjm, hiu hit cac ttudng su phjm chi tjp trung ren luydn vi hinh thinh chg sinh vien eie ky nang giing djy tbeo tidn ttinh cua mgt gid giang (sojn gifio in, tjp viet bing, tjp gifing, xd Iy cfic tinh hudng su pham ), hau nhu khdng quan tfim den viec hinh thinh ky nfing sd dung phuong tidn giang djy Do dd, di thuc tjp su phjm, giio sinh gfip rit nhidu khd Ichfin ttong vide sd dung phuang tidn gifing djy Xuat phat tu thpc te ttdn, vijc nghien cdu kS nfing su dung phuang tidn giing djy trang dio tjo theo tin ehi eda giio sinh thuc tjp su phjm la dilu cin thilt Trong nghidn cihi niy, khii nigm ky nfing sd dpng phuangtignttonggiing djy ttieo tin chi dupe hieu Id su van dtmg nhirng kinh nghipm, Irl Ihirc chuyin mdn vd nghiip vit suphgm cdn thiel vdo thuc hipn cd kit qua hogt ddng su dirng phucmg tiin gidng d(iy giao tiep vdi ngudi hpc, su dtmg cdng nghf thdng tin h-ong gidng dgy phu hap vdi nhung yiu ciu cia phuang Ihirc ddo tao Iheo tin chi Trong bfii vilt nay, chdng tdi chi di sau tim hilu ky nfing sd dpng nhttng phuong tidn giing djy ttong dfio tj() ttieo tin chi cua gifio sinh thuc tjp su phjm dugc bpc lg bdn ngofii, bao gim nhdm ky nfing phin: - Ky nfing sd dpng phuang tien ngdn ngtt - Ky nfing su dpng phuangtidnphi ngdn ngtt - Ky nfing giao tilp, tuang tie vdi ngudi hgc - Ky nfing sd dpng cdng nghdtitdngtin ttong djy hgc Phlnyng phip nghien cihi Nghidn cdu dugc khio sit tten 249 gifio sinh ngfinh Tam ly - Gifio dpc (118 gifio sinh nfim ttld ba vfi 131 gifio sinh nfim thd tu) dang thuc tjp su phjm tji Trudng Dji hgc Hing Ddc, Dji hpc Hfi TTnh, Cao dfing Su phjm Thda Thidn - Hul va Cao dfing Su phjm Qufing Trj Dl tfii su dpng ldng hpp eic phuang phap nghien cuu: phdng vin, quan sfit, nghien cdu sfin phfim hojt ddng, ttong trung ciu bang philu ttung cfiu y kidn Ifi phuang phfip chinh TAPCH(TAM Lynpc, se lo (211), 10.2016 Trong phidu ttung ciu y kiln, mdi nhdm ky nang ndu ttdn duac dinh gifi dua ttdn co sd giao sinh tii dfinh gifi mdc ma hg dat dupc cac kJ nfing tiianh phan tjo nen nhdm ky nfing dd Cd phuong an tta Idi dl giao sinh Ipa chon Moi phuong an na Idi nrong dng vdi mdc didm nhu sau: Muc cao: dilm; Mdc Riang doi cao: didm; Mdcttungbmh: dilm; Mdctiiangdii fliip- dilm- Mdc ttiap: I didm Cd mdc dinh gii chung vl cic nhdm ky nfing su dung phuang tidn giing djy cua giao sinh (ttieo cfich liy didm cao nhit cda ttiang (5 dilm) trir dl diem fliap nhat cda tfiang (1 didm) vi chia cho mdc) Didm chdnh ljch gitta moi muc = 0,8 nhu sau: - Mdc dp l-.Cdky ndng & muc dp kem (1,0 < DTB < 1,8) Giao sinh da CO dupe mgt sd tfiao tie dd ttiuc hidn hojt ddng giing day nhung chua ddng dfin chua the hidn su ttiuan ttiuc ttong vijc ttiuc bicn hoat ddng giane dav vfi giang djy djt ket qui thap ' - ="= = -r - Muc dp 2: Cd ky ndng & muc dp nrong dii *em (1,8 < DTB < 6) Giao smh dfi thuc hidn mgt cieh tiiong dii ddng dfin cictfiaotic cda hoat ddng giang djy nhung chua thd hidn suttiufinthuctixmgvidc ttiuc hidn hoat ding gifing djy va giang day djt kdt qufi tiung bmh kem - Mdc dp 3: Cd ty ndng & mic dp n-ung binh (2,6 < DTB < 4) Gifio smh dfi ttld hien tiiong ddi dfiy dd, ddng din d mdc cfin ttiiit cic ttiao tic hoat ddng giing djy nhung chuattiuantfipc,Iinh hojt ttong tfiuc hidn cic ttiao tfic va giang djy dat kdt qufi trung binb - Mdc dp 4: Co *y ndng d mic dp nrong ddi lit (3,4 < DTB < 2) Gifio smh dfi ttld hidn gfin nhu day dd, thudng xuydn, ddng dfin, ttiuin thuc'cic thao tac hojt dpng giing djy, hiy nhien tinh linh hojt cda thao tac eliua cao vi giang djy djt kdt qui , 'H^"! dg 5: Co ty ndng d muc dp tit (4,2 SDTB i 5,0) Giio sinh dfi tiipe hign day du efic ttiao tfic hojt ddng gifing djy, ttil hien cic ttiao tic mdt cfich dung dfin, ttiinh thao, linh hojt, sang tjo ttong hoat ddng gifing djy va gifing d»y djt kdt qua tdt " • • B B e, fy va Ket qua nghien euu / Thtfc trgng kp ndng su dfng phmmg lifn ngon ngd- ctia gido sinh Ngdn ngtt Ifi phuang tien djy hgc ca bfin, Ifi cdng eu dfim bio cho ngudi giao VICTtfiuchren ehde nfing djy hgc vfi giio due eda minh Ngudi giio vidn khongttiettipchidn dupe hojt ddng day hgc nlu nhu khdng cd ky nfing su dpng phumig tijn ngon ngu Trong day hoc cung nhu tt«ng giao due, ngdn ngtt cda &fio vien hudng vao vide giii quydt bfit cd mdt nhidm vu nhit dinh nio dd nhuttuyentfipttttfiue,kidm tta bii cu td ehde ttiio lujn nhdm, hudng din Ifim bfii T«P CHfTAM LynOC, S6-10 (211), 10 - 2016 tjp, hudng dfinttiuchinh Vay,ttongthuc tap su pham, mdc su dung phuang tidn ngdn ngtt cda gifio sinh djt den muc nao? Bdng 1: Thtrc ugng ky ndng su dung phuomg lien ngdn ngu cua gido sinh DTB DLC Giong noi dien cam, dri to, dli to 3,09 0,59 Diln dat ngin gon, de hieu, m^ch lac, khue chiet 2,13 0,43 Ldi noi gian di sang, van minh 2,82 0,65 Dirng tir chinh xac, giau hinii anh, de nhd 1,89 0,60 Ngon ngii viet bang ro rang, dl dpc, chinh xic, ro y va diing ngQ phap 3,08 0,62 Nga dieu, nhip dieu hpp ly, an khdp vdi toe dp tu va toe ghi chep cua ngucri hpc 1,85 0,53 Toe dd idi noi vira phai, co nhan m^nh nhiJng npi dung quan trpng 2,43 0,53 Gipng ndi chuan tteng thong 2,47 0,54 2,47 0,36 TT Biiu hien STB chune Ghi chu: Diim Ihap nhai =J diem cao nhdt = •/, diem cang cao the hi^n ky ndng sir dyng phtfcmg ti^n ngon ngir ctia gido sinh cang cao (DTB: Diem frung hinh: DLC DQ l^ch chudn) Ket qua khao sit cho thay, nhln chung ky nSng su dung phuang ti^n ngon ng& giang day cua gifio sinh dat miic d$ tuotig doi kem (DTB = 2,47) Dieu cho thay, da s6 giao sinh mau chua d^t muc dp thuSn thuc su dyng ngon ngO giSng d^y tren lap Tuy nhien, qua vi^c quan sat gifio sinh gid len lap cho thSy, da s6 cfic em da Ifim chii dugc bfii gifing ciia minh vfi biet sOr dung phuong ti6n ng6n ngQ mpi cfich tuong doi chu d6ng, thuan thyc de th6 hien npi dung bfii gifing Vay tai cfic em lai danh gifi kJ n^ng ciia bfin thfin a miic dp tuang d6i kem? Tim hieu van d§ nay, chiing toi dupc bi€t: + Gifio sinh dfin tir nhieu vimg, mien khfic ciia dfit mrdc, moi viing 1^ CO ngon ngQ: d5c trimg ri6ng ciia dia phuang minh Lo^ ng6n ngQ- dia phuong nfiy dupc cac em tiip thu vfi hinh thfinh tir cdn nho nen rfit kho thay d6i cho du gifio sinh co gang siia doi cho ehufin tieng thong NhiSu em len lap van noi hoatc pha tieng dia phuang Di§u nfiy khiin cho cfic em thi^u tu tin vao ngdn ngii cua minh, cho rfing minh chua dat yfiu cfiu vk ngon ngit 46 TAPCHITAM L?HPC, S6 10 (211) 10 - 2016 -^ Ky nang dien dat cua mdt si giao sinh chua tit, chua bilt su dung ngon ngiJ mdt each hop ly dd, Idn Idp, cac em ndi qui nhanh hoac nhd It thay doi ngtt didu dd gay don digu ttong qui ttmh ttuyin dat hay cd nhung til dem ttong qui tiinh didn djt » - Trong qua trinh giing djy, giao sinh danh gii ky nang su dung ngdn ngtt cua banttiano nhttng mdc khic Giio sinh cho ting Giong ndi diin cdm cua ban ihdn du to, du ro (DTB = 3,09); Gifio smh cung danh gii cao ngdn ngtt viet bang eua mmh: Ngdn ngir viet bdng cua minh ro rdng dl doc, chinii xdc ro yva dung nga phdp (BTB = 3,Qi) ' ' Nhu vjy, theo dinh gii cda giao sinh, biiu hidn bd ngoii eda ky nang sd dpng ngon ngtt Ii ndi vi viel bing dat mdc tiiang dii cao Tuy nhidn ndi dung tain ly eda vide sd dpng ngdn ngtt ttii cbua tit, dd li Dimg tu chinh xdc giau htnh anh, di nhd (DTB = 1,89) vi Ngu dieu, nhip diiu hop ly, dn khdp voi' toe dp tu va toe dp ghi chip cua ngudi hpc (DTB = 1,85) Trong phdng vin sau, mdt si gifio sinh cho bilt "Khd khdn nhdt vdi em vi ngon ngu khl len l&p Id hiin hrong hi lir B'mh thudng em cung duac cdc ban danh gia la hogt ngon nhung khdng hiiu lin l&p em lgi rai vdo I'mh trgng bl hr, khong ttmra tuphu hp^ di dien dgt, vi vdy cd lie em dung lir khdng chJn hogc chua chinh xac" hojc: "Em qui & Hung Yin, dia phuang em thu&ng hay not ngpng "n va "/" nin em cing mdc phdi ldi mdc du em y Ihuc dugc can phat sua chita nhung binh ihudng ndi chuyen thi sia dugc, cdn lin lap em Igt quen mdt chi khl n^he hgc sinh cudi khic khich Ihi em mdi biit minh vua ttat nggng Lie dd em rdt ting ting, mil tu tin vd thu&ng kit qud gidng ^dy Uiong ta, ldm" (Luong Thi Th., sinh vien K55 Khoa Tfim ly - Gifio due Tnrdng Dji hgc Su phjm Hfi Nji) Mgt ttiuc tl ntta cd lidn quan ddn ngdn ngtt cda gifio sinh, dd Ifi nfing dien djt cua cac em chua tdt De ttinh bfiy bfii gifing, efic em ttiudng diln dat dfii dong, khong mach lac, khdc chidt gay khd khfin eho ngudi hoc Trong tilp ftu bfii giang Ngoa, ra, ttong idn ldp cfie em ttiudng ndi nhanh, luong kiln ^ivkhLZ'^^l r * "•*'qufi " ' trinh '•"'• "Imh ' ' "^^ " "ttiuc hge didu eung gay kho khfin eho"'"^" nguoi^hpc hpi"kidn Nhu vjy, ky nfing sd dpng phuang tidn ngdn ngtt cda giao sinh ttipc tjp su pbjm djt mde dg tiiong dii kem, biiu hign bl ngoii vl ngdn ngtt chuali.'™ " ™ ^ ^ ° ' ' ° ' """"^ " ' ' """"^ ' ^ '^ ' " ' ^'^"^'" " ^ ngdn ngu thi ^'"•tf^h-gngky ndng su dung phuang ll^n phi ngdn ngir cda gUo sinh Ben cjnh ngdn ngtt ndi vfi vilt, cd chL dieu bd, til thi tfic phone finh mfit, np cum (cdn ggi 14 phumig tidn phi ngdn ngtt) la phuang tien giao tilp T«POIlTAMLyH0C,S610(211), 10-2016 47 thudng xuyen duac sir dung giOa gifio vien vfi hpc sinh day hpc V§n dpng ciia cac bp phan trSn ca the vfi tofin b6 ca the mang nhifiu thong tin, chung CO tac dung lam nen, bo sung hofic Ifim chinh xac hon cho ndi dung ngdn ngu noi Vi the, qufi trinh giang day, ngudi giao vien luon cfin co sy hd tra ciia cac phuang tien phi ngdn ngir Bdng 2: Bieu hiin Ay ndng sv dung phucmg tien phi ngon ngir TT DTB DLC Tu the, tac phong tu tin, dinh dac Biiu bien 2,46 0.52 The hien thfii nhiet tinh, say me vdi bai giang 3,18 0,50 Sri dvng cic phucmg tien phi ngon ngir phai hfii hoa, co nhip dieu phii hprp vcri doi tupng, tinh huong va vdi phucmg tien ngon ngit 1,96 0,76 Sir dvng cfic phuang tien giao tilp phi ngdn ngi} nhien, chan that, diing ban chat ciJa minh 2,82 0,65 Sti dgng tning phuc ljch stf, sach dep, trang nha, hpp ly 3,49 0,51 Stf dyng cac gifio c\i trye quan hpp ly, dung liic, diing chd 2,79 0,54 Luon khich 1?, dpng vien ngudi hpc tich c^c hpc tjp bfing idi ndi, finh mat, nv cudi 2,19 0,44 Tao dupc khong vui ve, tich cue qufi trinh eiine dav 2,12 0,53 DTB chune 2,62 0,36 Ghi chu: Diem thip nhdt = I diem cao nhat = 5, diim cdng cao Ihi bifnky nang su difllg phuang lifn phi ngon ngit cua gido sinh cang lot (D TB: Diim Irung binh: DLC: Dd lich chuin) Ket qui khio sit cho thfiy, ky nfing sd dpng phuang tign phi ngdn ngtt cda gifio sinh djt mdc dg tiung binh (DTB = 2,62) Trong thuc tjp giing djy, giio sinhttiudngxuydn su dpng phii hpp cfic cd chi, didu bd, tii till, tfic phong, finh mat, np eudi dl giao tilp vdi ngudi hgc nhfim tfing thdm hiju qufi cua ngdn ngtt ndi vfi vilt Bieu hidn ky nfing su dung phuang tijn phi ngdn ngtt cda gifio sinh phii tiien d cic mdc dO khic nhau: - Giio sinh cd biiu hidn tit nhit li Su dvng h-ang phuc ljch su, sgch dep, n-ang nhd, hpp If (DTB = 3,49) Dilu niy xuit phfit tu nhjn thdc dung dfin cua gifio smh ve vai ttd cua ttang phuc giao tilp: Trang phpc Ifi m^t loji phuong ttgn giao tiep dfic bijt Thdng qua trang phpc, nhung ngudi tiiam gia giap tidp cd tiid dfinh gifi dugc ngudi ehua quen bilt vi tao ndn thidn cim tdt dgp d doi tugng giaotidp.Vi vjy, len Idp, bao gid giio sinh cung chd f thi 48 T«P CHfTAM Lynpc 5(5 10 (211), IQ - 2016 hien su lich su sach dep, ttang nha tiong ttang phuc dl tao in Brong tit dep vdi nguon hpc = r -T'ipiieo la The hien Ihdi nhiet tinh, sery me vdi bdi gidng (BTB = 3,IS) (Juan sit gid Idn Idp cua giao smh, chdng tdi nhan tfiiy, tit ca cic khau cda thuc tap giang djy: tim hidu tfidng tin vl Idp, soan giao in, tap giing va len lop gao sinh ddu rat nhigt tinh Trong gid djy eung vay, cac em lit say me ttuyen djt tti thdc, Iupng kidn ttiuc cac em dua rit nhilu, tiiam chi mdt si glio vien huong dan da Hmg nhan xdt la cac em quattiamkiln ttiuc - Trong dd, giao sinh van gap nhilu khd khfin ttong vidc Su dung cdc phirangtien phi ngdn ngd phdi hdt hda, cd nhip dieu phu hap vdi ddi luang tmh huong va vai phuang tien ngdn ngU (DTB = 1,%) vfi Tao