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Chapter 9
EIGRP
2
For further information
This presentation is an
overview of what is
covered in the
curriculum/book.
For further explanation
and details, please read
the chapter/curriculum.
Book:
Routing Protocols
and Concepts
By Rick Graziani and
Allan Johnson
ISBN: 1-58713-206-0
ISBN-13: 978-58713-
206-3
3
Topics
Introduction to EIGRP
EIGRP: An Enhanced Distance
Vector Routing Protocol
EIGRP Message Format
Protocol-Dependent Modules
RTP and EIGRP Packet Types
Hello Protocol
EIGRP Bounded Updates
DUAL: An Introduction
Administrative Distance
Authentication
Basic EIGRP Configuration
EIGRP Network Topology
Autonomous Systems and
Process IDs
The router eigrp Command
The network Command
Verifying EIGRP
Examining the Routing Table
EIGRP Metric Calculation
EIGRP Composite Metric and the K
Values
EIGRP Metrics
Using the bandwidth Command
Calculating the EIGRP Metric
DUAL
DUAL Concepts
Successor and Feasible Distance
Feasible Successors, Feasibility
Condition, and Reported Distance
Topology Table: Successor and
Feasible Successor
Topology Table: No Feasible
Successor
Finite State Machine
More EIGRP Configurations
The Null0 Summary Route
Disabling Automatic Summarization
Manual Summarization
EIGRP Default Route
Fine-Tuning EIGRP
Introduction to EIGRP
EIGRP: An Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocol
EIGRP Message Format
Protocol-Dependent Modules
RTP and EIGRP Packet Types
Hello Protocol
EIGRP Bounded Updates
DUAL: An Introduction
Administrative Distance
Authentication
5
Introduction to EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
Distance vector
Classless routing protocol
Released in 1992 with Cisco IOS Software Release 9.21.
Enhancement of Cisco Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP).
Both are Cisco proprietary
Operate only on Cisco routers.
6
Introduction to EIGRP
The term hybrid routing protocol is sometimes used to define
EIGRP.
Misleading, not a hybrid between distance vector and link-state
Solely a distance vector routing protocol.
7
Introduction to EIGRP
Instead of hop count, both IGRP and EIGRP use metrics composed
of bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load.
Only bandwidth and delay are used by default.
8
EIGRP Message Format
EIGRP Header field
Data field = Type/Length/Value, or TLV.
Encapsulated in an IP packet.
Protocol field = 88 (EIGRP)
Destination IP address = multicast 224.0.0.10.
If the EIGRP packet is encapsulated in an Ethernet frame:
Destination MAC, multicast address: 01-00-5E-00-00-0A
9
EIGRP Message Format
Opcode specifies the EIGRP packet type as one of the following:
Update
Query
Reply
Hello
Note: All fields are shown to
provide an accurate picture
of the EIGRP message
format. However, only the
fields relevant to the CCNA
candidate are discussed.
10
EIGRP Packet Header Message Format
Autonomous system number
Specifies the EIGRP routing process.
Unlike RIP, Cisco routers can run multiple instances of EIGRP.
(more later)
EIGRP packet types are discussed later in this chapter.
Note: All fields are shown to
provide an accurate picture
of the EIGRP message
format. However, only the
fields relevant to the CCNA
candidate are discussed.
[...]... each routing update packet that it receives However, authentication does not encrypt the router’s routing table 28 Basic EIGRP Configuration EIGRP Network Topology Autonomous Systems and Process IDs The router eigrp Command The network Command Verifying EIGRP Examining the Routing Table Topology Includes the addition of the ISP router R1 and R2 routers have subnets that are part of the 172.16.0.0/16 30 ... different protocols, including: IP, Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) AppleTalk, PDMs are responsible for the specific routing tasks for each network layer protocol Example The IP-EIGRP module is responsible for: Sending and receiving EIGRP packets that are encapsulated in IP Using DUAL to build and maintain the IP routing table 15 RTP and EIGRP Packet Types Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) Delivery and. .. composite metric Default, only bandwidth (K1) and delay (K3) are weighted (used) Set to 1 Other K values are set to 0 (affect load and reliability) More later The hold time Amount of time the EIGRP neighbor receiving this message should wait before considering the advertising router to be down More later 11 IP Internal Routes TLV Metric fields: Delay and Bandwidth Reliability and Load (more later) Subnet... configurations The connection between R2 and ISP is represented with a loopback interface on Router R2 32 R3’s running-config hostname R3 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 192.168.10.6 255.255.255.252 clockrate 64000 ! interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.252 33 Autonomous Systems and Process IDs An autonomous system... convergence algorithm used by EIGRP First proposed by E W Dijkstra and C S Scholten The most prominent work with DUAL has been done by J J Garcia-LunaAceves Routing loops, even temporary ones, can be extremely detrimental to network performance Distance vector routing protocols such as RIP prevent routing loops with hold-down timers and split horizon Although EIGRP uses both of these techniques, it... interior gateway protocols (IGP), EIGRP is the most preferred by the Cisco IOS software because it has the lowest AD Later in this chapter, you learn how to configure EIGRP summary routes 27 Authentication Like other routing protocols, EIGRP can be configured for authentication It is good practice to authenticate transmitted routing information This practice ensures that routers will accept routing information... presents a common routing policy to the Internet Described in RFC 1 930 AS numbers are assigned by IANA and its RIR Same authority that assigns IP address space 34 Autonomous Systems and Process IDs Who needs an autonomous system number? ISPs Internet backbone providers Large institutions connecting to other entities that also have an autonomous system number Uses exterior gateway routing protocol BGP... of companies and institutions with IP networks do not need an autonomous system number because they come under the control of a larger entity such as an ISP BGP 35 Process ID Router(config)# router eigrp autonomous-system Router(config)# router eigrp 1 Must be same on all routers in EIGRP routing domain Both EIGRP and OSPF use a process ID to represent an instance of their respective routing protocol... known as a feasible successor (more later.) So, R2 sends an EIGRP query to its neighbors asking them whether they have a route to this downed network 4 R1 and R3 return an EIGRP acknowledgment indicating that they have received the query from R2 5 R1 and R3 send an EIGRP reply message in response to the query sent by R2 In this case, the reply would state that the router does not have a route to this network... TLV In this chapter, we import or redistribute a default static route into EIGRP Additional fields All the fields used by the IP Internal TLV 13 Note on MTU Some EIGRP literature might incorrectly state that the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is one of the metrics used by EIGRP MTU is not a metric used by EIGRP The MTU is included in the routing updates, but it is not used to determine the routing metric . chapter/ curriculum.
Book:
Routing Protocols
and Concepts
By Rick Graziani and
Allan Johnson
ISBN: 1-587 13- 206-0
ISBN- 13: 978-587 13-
206 -3
3
Topics
. Topology
Autonomous Systems and
Process IDs
The router eigrp Command
The network Command
Verifying EIGRP
Examining the Routing Table
EIGRP Metric