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Tap chi so 28 thang 02 2018, trUdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859 46U VAN DUNG PHlTonVG PHAP LAY NGUOI HOC LAM TRUNG TAM VAO DAY HOC MON NHlTNG NGUYEN LY CO BAN CUA CHU NGHIA MAC LENIN 1 HIEN NAY Nguyi[.]
Tap chi so 28 thang 02-2018, trUdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-46U VAN DUNG PHlTonVG PHAP LAY NGUOI HOC LAM TRUNG TAM VAO DAY HOC MON NHlTNG NGUYEN LY CO BAN CUA CHU NGHIA MAC-LENIN HIEN NAY Nguyin Thi Hai Yin', Laii Thi Nggc Hanh^ Ngay nhan bai: 01/01/2018; Ngay phan biln thdng qua- 15/01/2018; Ngay duylt dang: 30/01/2018 TOM TAT Phuong phap giang day liy ngudi hgc lam tnmg tam da va dang la mgt van dl dugc nhieu nha giao due hgc quan tam va nghiin ciiu, Tir thyc tiang day hgc mdn Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cila chu nghia Mac-Llnin (phan trilt hgc) hien nay, chiing tdi thay cdn nhieu van de tiep tuc phai suy nghT giai quyit tir ndi dung chuong tiinh den phuang phap dgy va phuong phap hgc, Trong pham vi bai vilt nay, chiing tdi nlu mdt sd khd khan, han cbl nhin tir phia ngudi day, ngudi hgc va mdt sd phuong phap day hgc tich cyc bd sung cho phuang phap thuyet trinh (duac sii dyng dgc tdn giang day tit trudc den nay), Tu khda- Phuang phdp dgy hgc, Triit hoc MO DAU Chu nghTa Mac-Llnin vdi tu each la mdt- hgc thuylt, mdt khoa hgc ddng vai trd la co sd ly lulin va phuong phap luan khoa hgc cua giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao dgng trin toan thi gidi Ddi vdi each mang Viet Nam nhd anh sang soi dudng cua chii nghia Mac-Lenin, dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da di tir thang lgi din thing lgi khac Trgng giai do^n hiln la tiing budc thyc hiln cdng sy nghiep ddi mdi va hdi nhap qudc tl, Vi v^y, giang day va hgc tap tdt cac mdn khoa hgc Mac-Llnin CO y nghia quan trgng gdp phan xay dung thi gidi quan khoa hgc, each mang diing din cho thi he tre- nhirng chii nhan tuong lai cua dit nude, Trong nhiing nam viia qua, d^y hgc hgc phan Nhiing nguyin ly co ban ciia chii nghTa MacLlnin (phan trilt hgc) da cd khdi sac Sinh vien chii ddng, tich cue hon tong hgc tap, duoc thi hiln miiih va ty tin hon giao tiip Vi vay can phai day m^inh ban nua vile van dung phuang phap day bgc tich eye vao giang day Trong pham vi bai vilt nay, chiing tdi mudn chia se thdng tin vl nhiing khd khan, thii thach tiong day hgc mdn Nhiing nguyen ly co ban ciia chii nghTa Mac-llnin (phan trilt hgc) nhin tir phia ngudi day va ngudi hoc, va sy can thiet day manh ban niia v|n dung phuong phap day hgc tich cue vao day hgc radn hgc NOI DUNG VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Ndi dung nghiin citu Tim hiiu phuang phap liy ngudi hgc lam trung Dua mgt sd khd khan, ban cbl tong day hoc hgc phan Nhiing nguyen 1^ co ban ciia chii nghia Mac-Llnin 1, De xuat mdt sd phuong phap day hgc liy ngudi hgc lam tong tam nham nang cao hilu qua giang day hgc phan 2.2 Phuffngphdp nghiin c^u Phuong phap luan cua chii nghia vat biln chiing va chu nghTa vat hch sir vl phuang phap day hgc, Phuong phap phan tich, tdng hgp, so sanh, dii chieu dl lam rd nhiing ban cbl va dua mdt sd giai phap nham nang cao hilu qua day hgc Nhihig nguyin ly co ban cua chu nghTa Mac-Lenin I KET QUA NGHlfeN CUtJ VA THAO L U ^ 3.1 Phuong phdp gidng dgy lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam Quan dilm giang day lay ngudi hgc lam tiling tam d nude ta dugc xac dinh la toan bO boat dgng ciia radn hgc nham phyc vu cho ngudi hgc bgc tap tdt, hgc tich cyc va sang tao, nim viing ndi dung mdn hgc va bilt van dyng ngi dung mdn hgc vao ddi sdng dl cd dinh hudng dao dire, xa hdi diing din Vai trd cua ngudi giang vien tiong boat ddng day hgc tiieo hudng liy ngudi hgc lam trung tam khdng cdn theo nghTa la ngudi truyen d^t kiln thiic cd sin ma \k ngudi dinh hudng, hudng din cho sinh viln tu minh nghiin ciiu, ty tim kiln thitc Ngoai giang viln cdn la ngudi phu tiach huong dan qua trinh nghien ciiu, hgc hdi va thao luan cua sinh viln, la ngudi khang dinh vl mat khoa hgc cac cudc tranh luan cua sinh vien Ddi vdi phuong ThS, Khoa Ly ludn chinh trj, Dgi hgc Tdy Nguyin; Tdcgidlienhe Nguyin Thi Hdi Yen, DT: 0914069347 Email-yenmaclenin@yahoo.com 100 v Tap chi s5 28, tiiang 02-2018, tntdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin phap giang day nay, vai trd ciia ngudi giang vien khdng chi la ngudi khing dinh diing, sai ma gid giang cd hieu qua va phat huy dugc tinh chii dgng ciia sinh vien cdn phy thudc vao kha nang su pham ciia giang vien viec kheo leo dat vin dl va hudng dan sinh viln phuong phap hgc tap ti'ch eye, ddc lap giai quyit vin dk Ddi vdi bac dai hgc yeu cau ddi vdi qua trinh giang day cua giang vien ngoai vile toyin dat tri thiic, nang cao nang luc boat dOng tri iue cua sinh vien, ngudi giang viln cung can ren luyen cho sinh viln ky nang nghien ciiu Mudn vay, ngudi giang viln can khdng ngimg nang cao trinh do, cd kha nang su pham Ylu cau ddi vdi sinh viln: qua trinh boc tap theo phuong phap lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam, sinh vien phai la khach die tilp thu chu ddng tii thiic dugc giang vien cung cap, sinh viln mgt raat la ddi tugng cua boat dgng day nhung ddng thdi la chii the cua boat ddng nhan thiic cd tinh chit nghiin ciiu nham chiera ITnh tri thirc, ky nang, ky xao cd liln quan din nghi nghilp tuong lai ciia minh Dl cd the hoan tdt nhiem vu ndi trin, smh viln can phat huy cao dd tinh ty giac, tich cyc, ddc lap ciia minh dudi sy hudng dan cua giang viln ISSN 1859-4611 ghi nhd khdng bin viing, chua bien kiln thiic ciia bai hgc kien thiic rilng cd ciia minh Mgt sd pham trii yiet hgc dugc xem la gin giii vdi' thyc tien cudc sdng ciia sinh vien nhu nguyen nhan, kit qua, ban chat, hiln tuong, mdi liln he phd biin, phat triln thi kha nang van dung, nit y nghia phuong phap luan cua sinh vien cdn ban chi Mgt sd smh viln cd tinh than hgc tap tdt ciing td liing tiing vi phuong phap hgc, Tinh tiang hgc ddi phd, hgc dl thi cdn phd biln sinh vien dan din each hgc thudc Idng, hgc vet, nhilu em hgc xong la quIn, kien thiic dgng lai yong dau rit it Thdng ke kit qua ciia ky thi kit thiic hgc phin mdn Nhirng nguyin 1;^ co ban cua chii nghTa MacLenin (phin trilt hgc) ciia 1.016 sinh viln trudng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin hgc ky nam hgc 2016-1027 cho thay dilm tdng kit hoc phan ciia hau hit sinh viln d ngudng tir dilm he chii D va F (510 sinh vien) Sinh viln khdng lam dugc bai vi khdng hilu va khdng nhd gi Dd la mdt thyc tiang dang bao ddng ddi hdi giang viln va sinh vien can ddi mdi hon niia vl each day, each hgc va each kilm tra, danh gia hiln Thit hai sinh viin chua co thdi quen tu phdn biin triil hgc Tu phan bien la mdt qua trinh tu biln chiing gdm phan tich va danh gia mdt thdng tin da cd theo each nhin khac cho mgt van dl dat nham lam sang td va khang dinh lai tinh chinh xac cua van dl Muc tilu cua phuong phap day hgctichcyc-lay ngudi bgc lam trung tam khdng chi la kiln thiic va ky nang ma cdn phai coi trgng phuong phap tu duy, suy nghT, chinh kien cua ngudi hgc Cd nhu vay kiln thurc mdi dugc ghi nhd bin vinig hon Thyc te giang day cho thay, cac gid thao luan trilt hgc va lam vile theo nhdm, sinh vien cdn thy dgng, cdtu tudng ngdi chd, i lai, Hau hit, sinh viln nam thii nhat hoc hgc xul xoa, chi ngdi nghe ma khdng cd chinh kiln phan Nhiing nguyin ly ca ban cua chii nghia Mac- Sau nhdm trudng tiinh bay phan thao luan ciia nhdm da sd cac em deu tan thanh, chua cd thdi Lenin cd mdt sd ban che nhu sau: Thu nhdl, sinh vien bd ngd lung lung vdi quen dat cau hdi chat van nhu: Tai sao? Vi cd kit qua nhu thi? Nlu vi du chiing minh? Can lara moi trudng hgc tap mdi; chua cd phuangphdp y thirc lap trung cao di hgc tdt mdn hgc ddn din kien- rd thim cac y? Dilu tdi chua hilu vw Khi thitc dgng lgi ddu rat it Sd dT nhu vay la vi sinh vien chua hinh dugc thdi quen tu sinh vien nam thii nhit xuit than tu cac noi khac phan biln trilt hgc (dat cau hdi chat van, lay vi du Cling vi hgc chung mdt lop Do do, dac dilm phan tich, chiing minh, dien giai cac van dl trilt tam !y chung cua cae em la bo ngd, la limg vi mdi hgc) ciing ddng nghTa vdi "hgc chay", "hgc cho trudng hgc tap, sinh sdng mdi, cac mdn bgc mdi qua" mdn nay, chua thyc sy hgp tac va phat huy Trong cac mdn hgc dai cuong, "Nhiing nguyin ly tinh tich cue, chii ddng ciia ngudi hgc Cd thi ndi, CO ban cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin I" dugc sinh vien tong cac phuang phap day hgc tich cyc, thao luan danh gia la mgt mdn hgc khd bdi nd mang tinh ly nhdm va lam viec theo nhdm van la phuang phap luan khai quat, trim tugng cao Phan Idn sinh viln dugc sir dyng phd biln Do do, nlu nhu sinh viln diu e ngai, td khdng hao hiing hgc mdn chua cd thdi quen cd tu phan bien se lam cho Cac em chua danh thdi gian dau tu nghiin ciiu va gid hgc nham chan, phuang phap day hgc tich cyc tu hoc chii yin la bgc ddi phd dan den kiln thiic trd nin khdng hilu qua 3.2 Mgt sd khd khan, hgn che dgy hgc phdn Nhirng nguyen ly cff bdn cua chu nghia Mdc-Linin Chit lugng, hieu qua ciia tilt day phu thudc nhilu ylu td dd cd yeu td tac dgng tryc tiep den hieu qua cua gid lln lop dd la sinh viln (ngudi hgc), giang viln (ngudi day) va co sd vat chat Trong dd quan trgng nhat van la ngudi day va ngudi hgc 3.2.1 Ddi vdi sinh viin (ngudi hoc) Tap chi so 28 thang 02-2018, trUdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin ISSN 1859-4611 Thu ba sinh vien chua co ky ndng giao Hep phi Tuy nhiln khdng nen xem day la phuang ngdn ngu Ky nang giao tiep phi ngdn ngii la giao phap ddc tdn, nhat ma can tich cue v|in dung tiep thdng qua cit chi, hanh ddng ciia co the nhu linh ho^t cac phuong phap day hgc tich cue khac net m^t, dieu bd, cii chi, hanh ddng Nhiing hinh nhu phuong phap trd choi, phuong phap thao thiic giao tiep ddng vai trd hit siic quan trgng luan nhdm va lam viec theo nhdm, phugng phap qua trinh giao tilp, chuyen tai thdng tin Vi dgng nao,, Cd nhu v^y kiln thiic sinh viln ITnh du, sinh vien thuyet trinh ndi dung thao luan hdi dugc ben viing hon, va quan trgng la biit iing cua nhdm nlu sic dung cac dgng tac, cii chi, dieu dung, bilt the hiln quan dilm cua minh trudc mgt bg bd trg dl bilu Id, minh hoa cho bai thuyet trinh van dl dat tiong thyc tien cudc sdng cua minh lap tiie se thu but sy chii y, quan 3.3 Mgt sd phuong phdp dgy hgc liy ngudi hgc tam ciia ea Idp Ddng thdi nd cung chiing td sy ty lam trung tam nhdm nang cao hiiu qua dgy hgc tin, cai tdi tong qua trinh hgc tap cua sinh vien mdn Nhirng nguyen ly co bdn cua chd nghia Khac vdi cac bd mdn khoa hgc khac, trilt hgc Mac-Lenin dugc xem la radt radn hoc mang tinh ly luan, triiu 3.3.1 Phuang phdp phd bdng tugng cao va khd so vdi tu ciia smh vien nam Co sd ly luan ciia phucmg phap la sinh thii nhat Vi vay, tra ldi cau hdi, hay thuyet trinh bai tap thao luan nhdm sinh vien td rat viln nam thii nhat tir cac noi khac cimg vi hgc chung mgt lap Sy khac vl nai d, ve cang thang mdi trudng hgc tap mdi, mdn hgc mdi, thiy cd Thyc te cho thay, hau bet sinh viln nam thii mdi dan den tara l^ chung ciia cae em la bo ng5, nhat chua cd ky nang giao tiep phi ngdn ngii, chu la lung, liing'tung, vira mudn "tim hilu" lai vira yeu sii dung thuan tu^ ngdn ngii de thuylt trinh "phdng thii", e ngai Dilu tao nin su "ddng dan din hilu qua gid thao luan chua cao Vi du, bang" quan he giao tilp Nd la can tid cho lln bang trinh bay thay vi nhin xudng 16p de giang viln thyc hien phuong phap thao luan nhdm trao ddi thdng tin thi mdt sd sinh vien quay mat va lam vile theo nhdm Vi vay, vile lara diu tien vl phia giang vien, dirng nghiem td ve lo ling, so ciia giang vien la phai "pha bang", pha tan khoang set Mdt sd em yinh bay tiieo kieu hgc thudc lam each tiong giao tilp de cac em hgp tac, cdi md cho ngudi nghe nham chan Nguyen nhan cua ban hon Phuang phap dugc hilu nhu mdt trd choi che cd thi la id chat cila mdt sd sinh viln thudng dugc tien hanh vao budi dau tien len Icrp nhiit nhat, khdng ty tin kha nang cua minh, hoac ciia giangvien chua nam dugc ndi dung trilt hgc can chuyin Cach thitc lien hanh: Giang viln mdi khoang tai, bi tir dien dat, lie cbl tam ly diing trudc dam ddng Nhimg ban che trin dang la rao sinh viln tham gia tid choi, chia cap doi can Idn tong viec thyc hiln phuong phap day hoc Mdi cap ddi (2 sinh viln) ngudi ddng vai "hdi" va ngudi cdn lai ddng vai "tra Idi" Ngudi ddng vai tich eye-Lay ngudi hgc lara trung tam hdi cd nhilm vy thu thap that nhieu thdng tin ve 3.2.2 Ddi vdi gidng vien ngudi ban cua minh Sau phiit, cap ddi nao ndi Trong thdi gian qua, vile giang day cac mdn dugc nhieu thdng tin ve ngudi ban cua minh nhat khoa hgc Mac-Lenin ndi chung va mdn Nhiing thi cap ddi chien thing nguyin ly co ban ciia chii nghTa Mae-Lenin (phin Y nghia, tac dung ciia trd choi la lam cho trilt hgc) ndi rilng d cac tnrdng dai hgc ndi chung va Trudng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin ndi rilng da mang khdng ciia Idp hgc vui ve, hoa ddng, tiian tinh than hoi thd cua khdng ddi mdi, Tuy thiln hon, giiip cho sinh vien hieu bill lln nhau, nhiln, phd biln van la phuong phap day hgc truyin thay dugc tam quan tigng ciia vile hgp tac, chia thdng, giang viln thuyit giang, sinh viln nghe va se thdng tin hgc tap va tong cugc sdng Tir ghi chip lai, phuang phap lam cho khdng dd, sinh viln se cd y thirc hgp tac, chia se, tuang Idp hgc trd nin nang nl, hieu qua day hoc chua trg tong cac gid thao luan nhdra va lam viec theo cao Mdt sd giang viln da su dung phuang tiln nhdm Day khdng chi la boat ddng lam quen dan day hgc hien dai nhu may chieu, phim anh nhung thuan ma cdn la mdt each thiic td chiie lap hgc lay chua thyc sy t£io ddng co tu hgc, tu nghien ciiu, ngudi hgc lam trung tam 3.3.2 Phuang phdp so mang nhin ling dung cua sinh vien Co sd If thuyit ciia phuang phap la "hgc Theo chung tdi, hiing thii hoc tap mdn Nhirng nguyin ly co ban ciia chii nghTa Mac-Lenin I phu la vile ciia ngudi hgc chii khdng phai cua ngudi day" Vl vay, ngudi hoc phai ddc lap, suy nghi vk thudc nhieu vao each day cua giang vien, Danh rang phuong phap thuyit trinh la phuong phap tij dua cautialdi CO ban phu hgp vdi tu ndi dung cua bd mdn Cach thiic tiin hanh: Giang viln ve len bang 102 Tap chi so 28, thang 02-2018, trUdng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSNJ859-4611 mgt vong trdn, d giira vong trdn la cau hdi (ngi dung) trilt hgc sinh viln cin lim hieu Xung quanh vdng trdn la cae tia Sinh vien ty nghien ciiu khoang Uidi gian nhit dinh (thudng tii 3-5 phiit) sau dd chgn nhirngtiiti-gngtam nhit di diin vao cac tia xung quanh vdng frdn Van dung phuang phap bit huge 100% sinh viln cd sin giao trinh va phai tu dl tim cau tra Idi ngin ggn nhat Sau hoan so dd mang nhin, giang viln cii mdt hoac hai sinh viln nhin vao ndi dung "nit ggn" tiln so dd dl ly giai va chiing minh lam rd van dl ldi phan biln (suy nghi ddc lap, lap luan, chiing minh, chia se quan dilm ciia liiinh) Mdt so ngi dung ±ao luan khd giang viln can sii dung phuong phap bac gian (ggi y) Sau thao luan dai dien timg nhdm trinh bay kit qua thao luan trudc lop Cac nhdm khac ciing tham gia nhan xet, gdp y Khuyin khich sinh viln tranh luan tich cyc, lich sy tai Idp liic lam vile nhdm, bilt tdn trgng ngudi khac tranh luan Sau ciing la kit luan cua giang vien Ngoai ra, giang viln cd the sir dung phuong phap lam vile theo nhdm nhu giao bai tap ve nha cho Y nghTa, tac dyng cua phuong phap la ren cae nhdm, sau dai diln nhdra trinh bay kit qua luyen cho sinh viln kha nang tu xac dinh ngi KET LUAN dung trgng tam cua vin dk trilt hgc, ren luyen ky Dl nang cao chat lugng day hgc radn Nhiing nang phan tich, ly giai van de Day cung la mgt phuang phap tdt giiip cho sinh viln ciing cd, dn nguyen ly co ban cua chu nghTa Mac-Llnin I (phan triet hgc) can cd nhieu yeu td dd viec t$p cac kiln thirc da hgc ddi mdi phuong phap giang day se la radt tiong 3.3.3 Phuang phdp thdo lugn nhom vd lam viec nhiing yiu td quan trgng gdp phan nang cao chit theo nhom lugng dao tao mdt each bin viing Triit hgc la he Thao luan nhdm va lam vile theo nhdm dugc thdng nhung quy luat chung nhimg cac quy luat van dung day bgc triit hgc nhim giiip cho chung dd phai dugc thi hiln nhiing cai cu sinh vien tham gia chii ddng vab qua trinh hgc thi Vi v§y can phai gan triet hgc vdi cae chuyen tap, chia se nhiing kinh nghilm, y kiin hay di giai nganh Giang viln phai la ngudi di dau tong ty quylt mdt van dl trilt hgc nao dd hgc, ty nghiin ciiu, suu tim, tia ciiu tai lieu va each tiin hanh: Giang viln chia nhdm (nhdm sii dyng cac phuang tiln day hgc Ngoai phuong phap thuyit trinh, giang viln cin linh boat sii dung theo danh sach, hoac theo ban, theo td, theo don vi hanh chinh), cac nhdm cd sd lugng vira phai di cac phuong phap day hgc tich cyc bd trg khac can thay ddi quan nilm "dua chan ly din cho hgc mgi ngudi cd the ddng gdp f kiln, cdng bd thdi gian Giang viln gidi thilu van de triet hgc can sinh" bang quan nilm "hudng cho hgc smh ty di thao luan Khuyen khich sinh viln suy nghT theo tim chan ly" .THE APPLICATION OF LEARNER-CENTERED METHOD FOR TEACHING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MARXISM-LENINISM SUBJECT CURRENTLY Nguyen Thi Hai YenS Lai Thi Ngoc Hanh^ Received Date: 01/01/2018; Revised Date: 15/01/2018; Accepted for Publication: 30/01/2018 SUMMARY The leamer-centered teaching method has been interested and researched by many educators Presently, from the reality of teaching basic principles of Marxism-Leninisml (section philosophy), we find that there are still many problems to continue to think in order to solvefiromthe content of the program to teaching method and learning method Within the scope of this article, we present some difficulties, limitations recognized by teacher and learner as well as some positive teaching method to add to the presentation method (used exclusively in teaching so far) Keywords: teaching method, philosophy MA , Faculty of Political Science Tay Nguyen University Corresponding author: Nguyen Thi Hai Yen Tel: 0914069347, Email: Yenmaclenin@yahoo com.vn 103 Tap chi so 28, thang 02-2018, tntdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin ISSN 1859-4611 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Le Khanh Bing (2001), Phuang phap day hoc va day each hgc d dai hoc, NXB Dai hgc su pham Ha Ngi, TS Nguyen Duy Bic (2004), Mdt sd van dl 1^ luan va thyc tien vl day va hgc mdn hgc Mac-Llnin va Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh todng dai hgc, NXB Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Ndi, Bg Giao due va Dao tao, Nghi quyit Hgi nghi Tnmg uong khda XI ve ddi mdi can ban, loan diln giao due dao tao Manh Tuin (2005), Nhirng ky nang hgc tap hoan hao danh cho sinh vien, Nxb Van hoa thdng tin Tai lieu tap huin Day hoc theo md hinh todng hgc mdi d Viet Nam (www tieuhoc.moet.gov.vn, nam 2013) 104 ...Tap chi s5 28, tiiang 02-2018, tntdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin phap giang day nay, vai trd ciia ngudi giang vien khdng chi la ngudi khing dinh diing, sai ma gid giang cd hieu... kha nang su pham Ylu cau ddi vdi sinh viln: qua trinh boc tap theo phuong phap lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam, sinh vien phai la khach die tilp thu chu ddng tii thiic dugc giang vien cung cap, sinh... khang dinh lai tinh chinh xac cua van dl Muc tilu cua phuong phap day hgctichcyc-lay ngudi bgc lam trung tam khdng chi la kiln thiic va ky nang ma cdn phai coi trgng phuong phap tu duy, suy nghT,