NguySn Thi DiSn m v o O ^ Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 152(07/2) 179 185 f ^ ^ r ^ n d ^ ^ ^ l £ y * C U M T t r H A M *^ C H U Y E N B O N G IKOING T I E N G V I E T VA Tft^n A I U D • ; T I E N G V[.]
NguySn Thi DiSn m v o O ^ Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 152(07/2): 179-185 f ^ ^ r - ^ n d ^ ^ ^ l £ y * C U M T t r H A M *^ C H U Y E N B O N G I K O I N G; T UD • T II E EN NG G V V II E ET T VA V A Tft^n T i f i N G AAIN H Ngnyln Thj Dif u Ha', U Qnang DOng £>ai hoc Thd/Iguyen TOMTAT ^ ^ n S f ± i t S u t i f i h ' " ? " * " * ' « " • ° > — ' " ^ - " ^ lan toa nong uyng ni cnuyen dona Leonanf r2nnni / « nha^ *„i, - JT° —""& 'i"" "CL pnan uen cac ngSn ugs E gia S o ^ ^ S i S S t f ^ h S " Z ' ^ , " ' • * "^^ * * • ' ^ " ^ Ph^ ss.'^h^sfr^^HSSSIS^™- phuong thuc rf/nA khung phu tu DAT VAN Chuyjn dong la yju t6 trung tam dai voi sir ttai nghiem cua ngucri, no c6 siic lan toa ttong cupc song hang cQng nhu ttong nhn cau giao tilp cua nguoi Tuy nhien, mSi ngon ngir di&i dat chuyin dong bing nhang phuong thuc khac nhau; co t h i thong qui ttmh y n i | m cua sir tii vimg hoa (to*afia«o>/l) hay thong qua ttmh y niem cic phin b6 ngu dong hi (VCTJ mtafiers) [9] Trong tiing Viet, dong lit chnyen d^ng co nhOng net khac b i a voi khung phan djnh cua [9] tt«n hai piiuong dl|n: khac biet each biiu dat ngon ngu ve chuyen dpng va khac biet v i y niem ttong gl* ttj van hoa ttxmg chuyin dong Xet tten su kUc hi«t v i -y niem cua sir tii vimg hoa, Ihl liSng Vilt dutmg nhu mang dac tmh cua ca tal lo?i ngan ngft ma [9] da phan dinh Tren bhih dito ve gia ttj van boa, y niim v i gia tti l«n haa tttmg chuyin dong dope tfii hi|n rii W khic bilt ttong qua ttinh y niem khong gian chuyin dpng V nilra la don vi ciia ttt duy, la y i u ta ciia y thuc Vi|c nghien cuu m6i quan he qua lai ^ ngBn ngu va van haa sS khong dSy du niu thieu khau ttung gian [lOJ Y niem U Mt qua cua qua ttinh tti n h | n la qua ttmh tao Tel: 094- ngon ngir dinh thung dong tir; ngdn ngd D6 i79S Email: dltiJiaj/ltgauj^t^vn bilu tupng tinh fliin (menial representation) Ciu ttuc cua hiiu tuong tmh than bao gom ba t l : tti tul, cam xiic va y ttl, ca ba Uianh t8 diu dupc biiu hiln ngan ngft: ttong ngft am, tti vung va ngft phap Trong qua ttinh ttr duy, nguM dira vao cac y niem phan anh npi dnng cac kit qua cua boat dpng nhan fluic t h i gioi cua nguoi duoi dang nhung "lupng h i " {module) ciia tti fluic Cac y n i | m sinh ttong qua ttinh can ttuc hoa fliong tm v i su flnh khach quan ttong flii gioi, cOng nhu v i nhftng flii gioi ttrong ttrpng va su tmh kha di ttong tfii gioi Cac y n i | m quy cai da dang ciia nhftng hiln nipng quan sat dupc v i ttrong hrong vl mot cai gi tfiong nhit, dua chiing vao mot he fliing va cho phep lmi UK nhftng kiln thuc v l t h i gioi T u vung hoa la each ma o su ttai nghiem cua ngutri dupc chuyen ttii Uianh ngdn ngft flilng qua nghO nghia cua cac flianh phan tu vung, ma dupc su dung d i biiu dat cac pham trii kmh nghiem Nghiin ciiu cac mlu diuc tu vung hoa cho chimg ta nhftng nhin nhan v l cac mau fluic ma nhftng nguoi vol ngon ngft khac s i p xlp cac dft li|u kinh nghiim tt-ong vile ly giai v i cac su flnh Theo m, nghien cuu tti vung hoa la tim hiiu su liln kit gifta bilu ttrpng y niem (concepliml represemaoion) vii cu phap, ban chit ciia su 179 Nguyln Thi Dieu Ha vd Big Tap chf ICHOA HQC & C6NG NGH? lien ket dupc hinh thuc hoa nhu thi nao Trong so nhieu cac sa tinh, sv tinh ve chuy&i dong dirac xem la sir tinh co tfnh bieu Inmg nhat vi chuyen dpng la mot nhflng trai nghiem co ban cupc song cua ngutri Vi the, su tinh chuyen dpng luon dupc g5n lien vcri qua trinh tii vumg hoa mpi ngon ngu Cac mau thuc tu vung hoa v^ su tinh chuyen dong duoc nghien cuu dua tren ngii nghta cua dpng tu cum dpng tii, boi 16, ngfl nghia cua dpng tu la yeu t6 trung tam d6i vdi mpi ly giai tii vung hoa vk chuySn dpng mpi ngon ngfl Ngoai ra, cac phan khac ciia ngon ngu, nhu: gidi tii hay trang tii cung dong vai tro quan trpng doi voi viec phan ti'ch (2a) The pencil rolled The pencil Cai biit chi Hinh Chuydn dpng (2b) MAU THLTC i t r VUNG HOA CtJA X [S^l nha ng6n ngfl hpc ngucri My m6 ta sff, chuyen dOiig nhu la mot tinh hu6i^ bad mpt su chuyen dpng hay tri m^t L^ thai djnh vi tTnh [9] cho rfing chuyen dSng tinh CO the phan tich sau i ngfl nghia ca ban: (i) hinh (figure) hay ô gpi la vĐ.t chuySn dSng, (ii) n^n (ffraund), (% duang din (piah), (iv) chuyin dpng {mekoi^ (v) each tfiijrc {manner\ va (vi) tdc nh|^'(cause) B6n phSn dau dugrc xem nfau fiit^ cac phan tning tam cOa sy t\nh b*i •^:' no la nhflng phan c6t loi Hai ph4n lai li6n quan den cac y^u-^ t6 ben ngoai cua sy tmh [9] da mieu ta cfic phan tren qua cac vf dy sau: off rakhoi ducmg dan The pencil Cach thlic blew off Cai biit chi bay rakhoi Hinh 152(07/2): 179-B the table cai ban nen u>^fy^ < the table cai ban n^n s ^ m' Chuyen d^ng ducmg din TdcnhSn [9] Ca hai trucmg hpp tren, "cai b.^ chi" dong vai tro la hinh va "cii ban" dong vai tro \k nen cflal tinh huyen dpng, ca thuang bieu dat ngu6n cua chuyin dpng Cum tii "ra khoi" co vai trfi nhu' aumg tian cho chuyen dpng Hai dpng tu "lan" va "bay" diln ta phin chuydn dpng Ngft ra, dpng tu lan dupc xep vao nhom dpng tir co each thuc chuyin dpng {manner of motion) h VI nguon chuyen dpng xuat phat tu chinh ban than cat biit chi, dpng tfl "bay" dupc xlp vko L ^ dpng t£r chuyen dpng tac nhan bcri vi ngu^n chuyin dOng khong phdi xu4t phdt tir cai but chi -^ b^t nhu sau (0 nhom ngon ngfl d.nh vj thSng tin chuyin dpng chfnh bdn than d$ng tii, ZvT,"- J"" "^.*^"'' ""r' ''"' '^ i^^rb-frameO) vd nh6m thu hai djnh v, M ii^isateilite-famed) Nhom ngon ngfl dinh khung phu tir la qud trinh tu vyng h6a sy kit hop gittai sy tinh chuyen dpng va each thuc chuyin dpng dpng tir va bilu d,t^u6ng d L cLThuj^ff dinh khung php tu thuang c6 xu huong tgp trung nhilu han vao cac ho,t dpng mrc quan m^ ^ loa, va bieu d,t duang dan m6i tucmg quan vai hkh thflc Nhiing ngu6i su Z g l ngon ngfl thucmg chii y vao nhflng trai thai tmh ^^ Trong c4u tnic sy tinh chuyin dpng cua tiing Vi^t, d^ng tu chuyin dpng mang tfnh Iu5ng pi ba, V, no vua thupc nhom ngon ngfl dinh khung d$ng tu va vfla thnã ô n g Ift nhtt tttmg v i d p san: ™ " " E * " ? ' " " h e ton lai song song hat Cai chai !.»; „ ™ tttmgdong T h e battle o™, , ** "^ ^ ^ , ""' "'=' hUoHieauie *^***i trfii ^ •M^ ,v ' TO VUNG HOA PHAM TUtj CHUYfiN DONG trragdong 2':^a'^l^:^vsifc£^t^Tr^ -°r*'"*''^''^-^ i f t h m n g o i nhap v i o n o i W W ^ ^ , S Diln t i cich Ihuc chuy€n dong Ol&i a chuyin ajng co su Uiam gia cia mfflih phin ffinh vi nii ch^n Di&i t i ngnyto nhin gSy cho vat khic chiwn djng CO su fliam gia Ulanh phin dinh vi noi chfin Oi6n li chuyto dling ttong su tham gia su dang chmAi dine cia vSt k i , ' ' * •* chuyfin dbng CO sufliam gia cua vjl chuyto dfing mL 1.- _ - " ™ * ' ^ ' ' "^ "*"« * ™ S «" » 0^ Nhay, tteo, leo, boi, bay, choi, viy bo Inrim Qua, tt* lai, vio, Ihoit, doi, dto flflm, Uioit khfii, di — Sf" "'^''^ ^ '^'°' °™^ "^ ^ "'• °™e Theo, din, di mioc, theo sau, din duong Chuyen, cho, mang, van chuyin Dito t i n g u y t o ^ gSy la cho vit khic Nim, Oioi, kto, nit, xjt, diy, hat, Ifii chuvin dfing Dito ta su chuyin dfin hii r-h:; •„ • ^ , , „ ^ ^ ^ ~ : Z^r~ ! =": £ J a S=*= S ^^' ^ 11 «m,ifitttuotlill,ain.a6.iua »oi,rat.ttuoi,lai.ain.aii ii»» vip vip : Nguyen Thi Dieu Ha vd Dtg Tap chl KHOA HQC & C6N0*«3HS dpng tu chuyen dpng thupc nhom thuc tu tiu chiing CO kha nang lam phdn phu ciia cum tu va co khd nang dpc Xap tao cau [7] Phan Ion dong tu chuyen dpng tiing ViSt thupc nhom nay, va c6 kha nang ket hop dupc voi nhieu nhung hu tir khac t^o nen su da dsing ve ngfl nghTa cung nhu ve cu phap cau: (3a) Mdy di theo ba cu May di theo ba cu, Mdy di de theo ba cu May di de theo kip bd cu [7] Khi dpng tu chuyen dong thupc nhom hu tu, thi chiing khong co nghia tfl vung ma chi co nghTa ngfl phdp, va chiing khong thi diing dpc l|ip tao thdnh cau hay ket hop dl tao nen cac cum tir Nhflng hu tfl co vai tro quan trpng viec khong chi han chl khd nang lam tieu chi phan dinh dpng tfl ma 06 kha nang phan dinh cac nhom nho npi bp dpng tfl [7] Do d^c tinh va chiic nang cua nhom tfl nay, ta co Uie thay rdng nh6m tu chilm ty 16 khflng lan tieng Viet, chiing chi thuang bao g6m nhom tu co huang nhu: ra, vao, len, xuong, sang, qua, vl, Iai, va tai, den NSu doi chieu nhom tfl tieng Anh, thi chung co ve nhu la nhirng trang ngu h ^ dinh ve hucmg cho dong tii (3b) Con CO bay la bay la Bay phuang Bfic, bay vao phuang Nam (Ca dao) iJ sdnh hay dSi ISp gitta sy v§t -^ hi|a t u p ^ khdcli quan vdi tiiong ^ n i ^ cfla e ^ ^ ngudi, thi chfnh sy vdt vd hi^n tupng I d ^ ^ ' ' quan gan lien voi hndng tren, h i ^ n ^ ^ P ' ' luon luon mang y n ^ a gidi han ciia qud t ^ y niem hoa [3] Hinmg khong gian -^trM^H Huong kh6ng gian mang tfnh cy till \^ Idli^' quan voi sdc thai d6i ldp chjt ehe, ngirm qtt^ sdt CO thi nhan bilt ho^t dpng cfla chflhM^S i i Lo^i hu6ng ndy dupc bieu hien vd t6n t dudi nhieu hinh thdi, thfing qua ho^t dgr thuc tien cua ngucii kh6ng i Hudng khSng gian duofc hhih thdnhfliSngq qua frinh f ni^m hoa khong gian e6 s tuang tac gifla ngu&i vd khfing gian Lt^ hucmg ndy lufin mang thih dfii xiii^ nhu: Ign # xuong, vao # ra, sang # qua, vl # 1^, vdj^ # dSn boi la frong qua trinh ^ ni?ro hon^^ khong gian nguai dong vai tr6 trung,,t&= lam moc cho qua trinh y niSm h6a Trong tiing Viet mgt s6 d^ng tfl di^re._:^ vdo nhom dpng tu chuyin dpng co hu^"" nhu: ra-vao len- xudng, sang- gua, ve-lam **ãã' luyi cuiiyen dpng Bpng tir ehi huftng "lln" frong (4a) mang sic xuat phat tit mpt diim cao xudng mpt diim thip thai hiln Ihuc ciia su bit diu hanh dpng vfti i hm N6 CO the sii dpng di ehi huong cung nhu mot quan hp cua nguoi nghTa thai gian, dpng tir chi huftng "tfti" ttxing (4d) ghi nhin sit tiip diln qua ttinh hanh Cao dpng VOl y nghTa Ihfti gian, va dong hi chi huong "la- frong (4e) thi hiln kit qui gin Thap vol sir hao hieu kit thuc qua frinh hanh dong • ^ n g tit "sang" am chi mpt su chuyin dong vfti y nghia thoi gian fit: phat tii m5t mim sang mpt diim Huong tam ly Mac theo huftng nim ngang Hnftig tam ly li huftng mang sic thii cim Swg/qua < • j ^ vi/lai xuc chii quan tttmg vipc btah gU thuoc tinh p t a g djng tit chuyin ddng co httong niy cua sir vat va hilnttrpngkhic quan Qui frinh ^ di^dp din mgt vj tti djc hilt cu thi, dupc thuc hiln khftng phii thftng qua khing de cJp mpt huong chung chung duong diln dat bing khai ni|m ma thftng qua W Chiing ta hiy phong khach duong bpc lp cim xiic ttong qua ttinh y Tmng vi dp ttln, CO 11 nguM noi dang p m5t niem qui hfta Sp dii lip vi su blnh phim khic dupc thuc hiln thpng qua qui ttinh Ti ttt nao d6 nho hon nhu ttong phong ngii y ni|m hfta, va khftng iing ttpc tiip vfti nhimg ^ y nha bep, vi mfti mgt di phong diim rape thep huftng vJn dpng logic giila Biic mpt vi ttf Iftn hon khftng gian vi thfti gian Sp dfti Up frong W Tfti viko nhi vi tt«i dang mua huong tam ly duoc phan chia theo djnh huftng ^rong vi dp 4b, CO 11 ngufti noi dangftmpt vj tam If nhu: aiu cue, ttung tinh, va tinh cue •" "*° * 'm hon nhu: ngoai sin, ngoai - Chi huftng tam ly tich cue dupc tfii hiln Sfth' '^ "^ °''"^™ "*" "^"^ "^ " ' ' ^ thftng qua dpng ttr chi huftng "ra" hay "Iln": Bep ra, khfte ra, mjp ni, ting len, cao lln - Chi huftng Hm ly tilu cue dupc thi hi|n Huong thfti gian cling dupc hmh thong Uiftng qua dpng tir chi huftng "di": xiu di, im qjia qui ttinh j niem hfta vi thoi gian cua di, ngheo di ngufti Y niim hfta vi thoi gian dupc phin -Chi huftng lam ly ttung tinh duoc tfii hi|n dinh ttln ttpc thfti gian theo qui ttmh van thong qua dpng tir chi huftng "lai": im lai, dpng: khfti diu, tiip tuc hay kit thiic, su phin khfte lai chia ttrtng iing vol qui khii, hiln tai va tomg tai Huftng thfti gian da bit diu ttihi IttRng va diln doi Up ciia no khftng chp chl cao d| nhu huftng khftng gian Huftng thai gian frong tiing Vi|t dupc thi hiln thong qua nhiing dOng tir chl huong nhulfn,ttHhayra {*!) hffiy ning gfi lin nhSng cinh chun hii ia (Biin hat chiiu Hong Bing) Tir vvMG H A V E D A C TINH V A N HOA TRONG CHUYfiN DONG Trong y niem vi gia ttl van hfta, nhOng dgng ttr chuyin d^ng cft huftng niy duftng duge su dung vol nhung nghTa rpng hon muon am chi vl huftng cua chuyin dftng theo dia ly Biem xuat phit va noi din cft mfti tuong quan vl dja ly vfti Uieo mpt quy uoc tfiong nhat: Dftng-Tiy, Nam-Bic Bja Nguyln Thi Dieu Ha va Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC hinh cfla dat nuoc Viet Nam co hinh chfl S, cp phdn rpng nhat la a mien Bdc va phdn, hep Id d miln Nam, va Viet Nam dupc chia lam ba viing khac la: Bdc, Trung vd Nam Cho nSn, huong tu cac tmh ngoai bac so voi cac tinh a mien nam duoc quy dinh la "vdo", vd cac tinh mien nam so voi cac tinh ngoai bac diroc quy dinh la "ra" Mien Bac (rpng) Mien Tnmg Mien Nam (hep) (5a) Chuong trinh xe Ha Nfii phuc vu sinh viSn ngheo (Dan tri, 18/02/2014) (5b) T^i nguai miln Bdc thich vao Nam I|p nghidp (Phdp Iu$t, 22/12/2013) Trong vi d\f Sa, dpng tfl dupc sfl diing d l chi s^f di chuyin tfl Ho Chi Mmh mien nam d i n Ha N^iCTmiln Bdc Id dpng tii "ra" Co le trucmg hpp nay, ngucri noi dangCTmien trung hay mien bdc mufin vao thdnh H i Chi Mmh d miln nam, cho nSn nguai noi da su d\ing d^ng tfl "vdo" Trong mpt vimg, thi m6i quan h? gifla cac tinh Of phia^bdc thi svr chuyin d^ng theo mpt quy tdc chilu thdng dung, va theo huong BdcNam Trong fruong hop nhflTig dpng tu nhu:^len- xuong dupc sfl dung d l diSn td chuyin dpng (5a) Du6ng len Tay Bdc xa xoi (Bucrag ISn Tdy Bdc, Van An) (5b) Ph^t thu Tay Thien xuSng Hd Npi don tei (Thanh Nien, 14/01/2014) Neu xet theo huang chuyin dpng ndm ngang, diln td chuyin dpng frong m6i quan h^ gifla cac tmh, nguai noi thuong sfl dyng dfing tfl "sang" (5c) Dc nghj keo ddi duong cao toe Npi Bdi Lao Cai sang Lai Chau (Bdo mai 31/01/2014) &Q^(mm^ 152(87/2): 179- Ngoai ra, hai ^ g tfl "ISn" vd ' ^ o n g " dWpc sfl dyng d l d i l n ta m6i quan hf cd ' •Dpng tu "xuong" diln d^t hudog dO-,,, nguM CO dia vi cao xu6ng ngutri c6 t ^ , thap haHi va ngupc Ifd ' C5d) Tang cuang hon 1.000 can bO, c h ^ L ^ ^ xuSng CO s6 CDi^n Bien TV, I S / / i ^ B (Se) UBND tmh Thai Nguyen bao cdo % Thfl tuong Chinh P h i (Tuoi Tre, 10/0 l / a W ^ Doi vai nguoi Viet Nam, CCT quan Idrn ^ thuong dupc xem nhu la m^t nai quan trpij^ cho nSn, diln ta chuyin d§ng tfl mi§C^= ndo d i n c o quan nguoi ta thucmg d ^ dpng tfl "ISn" _.fH (Sf) Anh ay thucmg ^ c a quan bdng jce b U ^ Dilm xuat phdt cua hu6ng chuyin ^ thuong Id y l u tfi quan trpng nhi4t vi dilu i ^ cho bilt dilm xudt phat Id nai rfing hiry Id n ^ hpp N i u di chuyin tfl m^t noi h?p d l f f ^ i ^ noi rpng, thi hudng chuyin d$ng sg UL'^ trai l^i n i u di chuyen tfl mpt noi rOng d ^ ^ h?p hon hu6ng chuyin dpng s6 Id " v ^ N h i l u dpng tfl chuyin dpng co t h i di k e m ^ ^ | dfing tir co huoTig tao nSn kit cau chufii d ^ tfl (serial verb construction): di ra, mci rB, f! -DOng tu chuyin dong + ra: bSu ra, b^c W'S c6fi ra, nong ra, noi r a , ^ -DOng tfl chuyin dpng + vdo; d|ly vdo, I ^ E vdo, cuOn vao, dong v a o , '•'•rm-Dpng tii chuyin d^ng + ISn: nang ISn, d ^ nSn, toe ISn, het l e n , H -Dpng tir chuyin dOng + xu6ng; xu6ng, cfii? xuong, quy xufing, •-,•! KET LUAN ^ Y ni^m la qua trinh tu cfla ngu&i y | ' t h i gitii xung quanh T h i gioi xung quafli(,-: dupc tilp nhgn thfing qua h^ thfing cdc g i l e ' ^ quan, va dupc the hi?n thong qua qud tri^'i'^ frdi nghifm cfla nguoi Moi quoc gia h ^ ^ J nin vdn hoa khde co nhflng sp '* nghifm v l t h i gioi xung quanh khde Chuyin dfing dupc xem nhu Id nhdn t6 u tdm cfla qud frhih h i n h | n va tii cfla ngucri Vifc khdo sdt vd tiro hilu cdc J^^TkjDiiamvaDtS T.pdUKHOAHOC&c6NGWGHj thlic tti vung hfta ciia cac y niim ve chuvin ««*xmgtiingVietcho.ath4auld2^ f ' r * ^ ' ' * ° « ' ^ ^ » cac n ^ ngiikhac SIT u i a c biet khong nhiing dupc the hiln ttong qua ttinh y n i | m v i chuyin dftng, c i c thinh phan ngon ngu tham gia v i o qua ttmh t t v p i g hoa chuyin dpng, ma l h i hien su khac bilt ttong su ^ niem v i d i e tmh' v i n ttong chuyin dftng ' • * TAiriFIlTu»K«^„i„ in- ™V*"THAMKHAO l.Bimton Laurel etal (2005) lOTca(E'"- M of decoding the moHon e v ^ , ^ ^ tam^^ H° * ' , ^ ° " " ™ ' " ' ' " * « P ™ « » identtficalion the paper focuses i „ T , ™ l r « , ' ? " ' ^ " " ' " ^ " " ^ B-^^i ° " this lhe differences bef^een tte m o H o n ^ S ^ , " ? " ' ^ ' " v " " " " " ' " Vi«namcse, and clarifying concept of moHou h, V ^ Z e s e T ^ T Z u i ; ' ° T " ^ " " " " ' " " ^ ^ e s ^ ' categorization, bm also mconttibSon of Z « t / S ? T ? * , * ' '="'"'i^