TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 2016 ISSN 2354 1482 KICH THICK TINH TU*GIAC HQC TAP, NGHIEN CUtJ CHO SINH VIEN TRONG QUA TRINH BAG TAG NHA GIAO TlTONG LAI ThS Nguyin Thanh Thuy'''' TOM TAT Tu ho[.]
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 KICH THICK TINH TU*GIAC HQC TAP, NGHIEN CUtJ CHO SINH VIEN TRONG QUA TRINH BAG TAG NHA GIAO TlTONG LAI ThS Nguyin Thanh Thuy' TOM TAT Tu hoc la thdnh phdn ea bdn cua mgi qud trinh suphgm, bdn chdt cua nd la su ddu tranh v&i chinh bdn thdn viec tiep thu cdc tde dgng ciia xa hgi, ldm cho tdc dgng ben ngodi chuyen thdnh nhimgyeu cdu vd kich thich ben Thuc tien dgy hgc cho thdy chi CO tinh tugidc la gidi phdp hieu qud nhdt hgc tap de sinh vien tu ndng cao trinh dg va nhanh chong ehiem lmh tn thuc ve cdc vdn de cdn tm hieu Bdi viet de cap den viec lach thich tinh tu gidc hgc tap Id chia khoa ma mgi cdnh cua tri thuc Tif khda: Gido due hgc, phuang phdp tugidc, tuhgc, nghien cuu mdt ITnh vuc nhat dinh va trd siic lao dgng phdt trien va chuyen mdn hda, thi ean phai cd viec huan luyen hoac viec gido dye nhat dinh" [1] That diing nhu vay dk cd dugc sir dao tao vd nhiing ky xao ITnh vuc lao dgng trdng nguoi, cdc the he di tmdc (giao vien vd ngudi lam cdng tac giao dye) h-ong nganh giao due va dao tao ndi chung va giang vien Dai hge Ddng Nai ndi rieng phai cd giai phdp mdi cy thi dt giup sinh vien nhan thuc mdt cdch diing dan vai trd cua ban than ITnh vuc nghe nghiep ma cac em da chgn Ddu thi ky XXI xu hudng xa hdi hgc tap dang dan hinh thanh, d dd mgi ngudi hgc tap thudng xuyen, ldy tu hgc lam nin tdng Vdi tinh chdt dy, giao dye Id qud trmh tac ddng de phan biet vdi tu gido dye la qua trinh chii dgng va tu giac ciia chu the, nen viec kich thich cho sinh vien y thuc tu giac la nen tdng ca ban va thiet yeu de sinh vien cd the thye hien tdt vai trd tu hgc va ty giao due ban than Xudt phat tfi thuc tiln dd, bai vilt ehung tdi tap tnmg vao viee kich thich tinh tu giac hgc tdp, nghien cfiu cho sinh vien qud trinh dao tao nha giao dye tuang lai Md dau Theo thudt ngfi tieng Anh tu "Education" nghTa Id gido dye, vdn gdc tir La tinh la "Edueare" cd nghTa la "lam bde Id ra" Tir dd cd the hieu "giao dye" la qua trinh (hay cdch thfic) lam bgc lg nhiing kha nang tiem dn cua ngudi dugc giao due Kha nang tiem an ay dugc the hien nhu mdt net tinh each khac ndo mdi tinh hudng khac Trong gido dye nhihig kmh nghiem ciia the hd trudc dugc truyin lai cho thd he sau va truyen eho nhiing nhdm ngudi khdc eung mdt the he, tir chiing ta thay rang raoi thdi dai, radi chl dg x3 hgi lai cy the hda gido dye nhung nhiem vu khae va thieh hgp vdi thdi dai dd Trong toan bd sy phdt trien cua lich su loai ngudi gan chat vdi sy phat trien cua lao ddng, neu khdng cd viec truyen lai va tilp thu nhung kinh nghiera sdng giua cdc thi he thi xa hdi loai ngudi khdng thi tdn tai Mudn tri va phdt triln xa hdi nhdt thilt phai thuc hien chfic ndng dao tao, nhu K Marx da ehi rang: " D I eai biln cac ban the ty nhien chung cua ngudi cho nd dugc sy dao tao va nhung ky xdo vl 'Trucmg Dai hgc D6ng Nai ^ TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 N§i dung 2.1 Vai tro cua gido due hgc viic gido due y thuc tugidc hgc tap, hinh thdnh ndng lu-c tir hgc, tugido due Giao dye vdi tu cdch la mdt hien tugng xa hdi dac biet dugc nghien cuu tfi nhieu nganh khoa hge khdc nhu Triet hgc, Tdm ly hgc, Dao due hgc, Sinh ly hgc, Xa hgi hgc Logic hgc, Dieu khiln hgc, v.v Ve bdn chat, gido due la su truyen dat va tiep thu kien thuc; vl boat dgng, giao due la qua trinh tdc ddng cfia xa hdi va cua nha gido dye din ddi tugng gido dye de hinh pham chat nhan cdch cho hg Giao due hgc trudng dai hgc cd thdi lugng dan vi hgc trinh, day la mdn hgc cd dac trung rieng ddi hdi ngudi day va ngudi hgc can cd nhung phuang phdp dac biet phu hgp dS dat dugc muc tieu day hgc vd myc dich gido dye Trong qud trinh day Gido due hgc, ngudi giang vien cd vai trd ehii dao, td ehfic, dilu khiln qud trinh day hgc, cy the la lap ke hoach day mdn hgc; xay dyng ke hoach bai gidng; td chfic thyc hien bai giang, kich thich tinh thii, tieh eye, sang tao eua sinh vien; kilm tra ddnh gia kdt qud hge tap cua sinh vien, dieu chinh va hodn thien qua trinh day hgc Cimg vdi vai trd ehu dao, td chuc giang vien phai ren luyen ky nang su pham eho sinh vien (bao gdm: ky nang day hgc, ky nang gido dye, ky nang nghien ciiu khoa hge giao dye) gdp phan hinh nhan each ngudi giao vien tuong lai, ddng thdi phat triln nang luc tu hgc, tu nghien cun khoa hge gido duc cho cdc em dd chinh la viec ISSN 2354-1482 kich thich tinh tu gidc hge tap va nghien cfiu Thyc tien day hgc cho thay sinh vien rat thy ddng hgc tap, dac biet la viec hgc radn Giao dye hgc, cac em ehua hieu duge mdt each thau ddo giao due la g3; chua xac dinh dugc y nghia va tdm quan trgng cua radn hgc sao; mdn hge cd anh hudng nhu the nao den ddi sdng nghe nghiep tuong lai cua nhiing ngudi nganh su pham Ddi sinh vien td thai xem thudng, thieu chu ddng thyc hien nhiem vy hgc tap, khdng cd y tudng cho vide ty hgc ddi vdi viec hgc tap ndi chung va phan mdn Gido dye hgc ndi rieng Trong qua trinh gjdng day, da sd giang vien dudng nhu rat it nhan dugc su phan hdi hay thac mac ve mat kien thuc tu phia sinh vien, trfi kilm tra hoac thi het hgc phdn (ddy la chia se cua cdc ddng nghigp) Dieu cho diay sinh vien khdng nhan biet dugc sy bd ich cua mdn hgc mang lai, khdng hieu y nghla Clia nd ddi vdi ngudi lam cdng tae su pham va ciing chua nhan biet nhting anh hudng cua mdn hgc den sy phdt tnen nhan cdch ngudi Tfi nhiing nhan xet tren chiing tdi cd the phdn tich dya tren cdc nguyen nhan dudi day: Thie nhdt, sinh vien thieu nen tang tri thfic CO ban va tri thfic lidn nganh de tiep c^n va qudn triet cdc gid tri cua giao due Vi du ddi vdi ndi dung gido due mang tinh lich sfi, sinh vien chap nhan hieu va biet la nhu the, neu hdi tai sao, hay de nghi phan tieh thi sinh vien rdt liing tung De ly giai tinh chdt thi sinh vien phdi van dyng kien thfic Su hgc la: giao due trai qua cac thdi ky lich su nhu Cgng san nguyen thuy dudi chl chiem hfiu nd le, gido dye xa hdi TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 phong kiln va thdi ky tien tu bdn ehu nghTa, giao due tu ban chu nghla vd gido due xa hdi chu nghTa mdi giai doan lich su thi giao due la edng eu phyc vy cho timg giai doan khde vdi mye dieh giao dye khdc Cd nhu vay thi radi giup cdc em ed dugc cai nhin toan ven vl tmh chdt cua giao dye Nhung quy thdi gian phan bd cho viec khai thdc kien thfic phan mdn qua han hep khdng cho phep gidng vien thyc hien cimg sinh vien tren ldp, bat bugc cac em phai ty cd ke hoaeh tim hieu them ve kien thfic cho ban than Thu hai, tinh thy ddng cua smh vien hgc tap la mdt trd ngai vd cimg ldn viec chiem ITnh tri thfic Mac du bat dau tilp can mdn hgc radi, cung nhu qua trinh gidng day giang vien da cung edp dl cuang, gidi thieu tai lieu bat huge, tdi lieu tham khao cd lien quan, djnh hudng eho sinh vien tun hieu them, va tu hgc Tuy nhien tinh chu ddng thuc hien cdng viec ndy khdng cao va kha nang tuong tdc vdi giang vien cung rdt ban che, khd nang ldm viec nhdm de gidi quyet nhiem vu hgc tap giang vien ddt ciing chua cd bidu hien tich eye, cdc em chua hinh dugc ky nang hgp tae, ky nang giao viec eho ddng ddi va quan Iy cdng viec, vi vay giang vien mudn fing dyng phuang phap day hge mdi tam thdi la bat kha thi Thu ba, viee thuc hien gidng day mdn hgc van mang tinh nang ve ly thuyet sudng, gidng vien phy traeh bd mdn khdng dugc trye tiep hudng din sinh vien tham nhdp vao thyc te (dien hinh la thuc tap su pham), dd la mdt nhfing nguyen nhan lam gidm gia tri cua nguyen ly day hgc gan ly thuyet vdi thyc tien ISSN 2354-1482 Dilu vfia vd tinh lam vo hieu hda tdm quan trgng va y nghTa tac dyng cua mdn hgc, vfia la nguyen nhan lam cho sinh vien khdng danh gia cao mdn hgc, cung nhu khdng tdn trgng gidng vidn Day la han chl ndi chung khdng chi d trudng chung tdi ma cdn d nhirng trudng dai hgc khdc (qua tham khao tu ddng nghiep) Dilu 40 cfia Luat Giao dye nudc Cdng hda XS hdi Chu nghTa Viet Nam (6/2005) chi rd: ""Phuang phdp ddo tgo trinh dg cao ddng, trinh dgi hge phdi eoi trgng viee boi du&ng y thuc tu gidc hge tap, ndng luc tu hge, tu nghien cuu, phdt trien tu sdng tgo, ren luyen ky ndng thuc hdnh, tgo dieu kien cho nguai hgc tham gia nghien euu, thuc nghiem, ung dung" De dao tao nhiing ngudi lao dgng mdi dap ung dugc nhu cau cua xa hgi, thi cac trudng dai hgc can phai xay dung nhanh nhfing giai phap dot pha de ddi mdi phuong phdp day hgc Trong day hgc tich cue, trgng tam ehuyen dich tu cdch thfic ddo tao da dugc lap san ke hoach, dugc giang vien td chfic va thuc hien sang each thuc tao dieu kien cho sinh vien ty hgc tap Cach tiep can day hgc tich eye cd co sd tfi thuyet kien tao nhan thuc cua J Piaget (1936), va cua E.C Tolman (1959) va quan diem nhan vdn ddi vdi gido due Cdch tiep can nhdn manh vai trd cua ngudi hgc qua trinh hge tap va giang vien dugc coi Id ngudi hd fig Ngudi hgc se ty xay dyng ke hoach hgc tap ciia minh, ngudi day tao mdi trudng hgc tap thuan lgi, thudng xuydn kich thich tu TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 2.2 Kich thich tinh tu- gidc hgc tap, nghiin ciru cho sinh viin qud trink ddo tgo nhd gido due tiromg lai mpt dinh hw&ng dexudt "Tinh tugidc duac the hien a chd ngudi hgc y thue ddy du vk muc dich, nhiem vu hgc tap, nghien euu qua no life ndm vung tri thuc qud trinh linhhgr[2,tr 136] Nd luc bao ham tinh tich cue vd chu ddng - Tinh tich eye Id thai cdi tao cua chu the, huy dgng muc cao cac chuc nang tam ly giai quyet nhiem vu hgc tap Tinh ehu ddng la sy sin sang tam ly, vfia la nang lye vfia la pham chat tu hgc Tren ca sd sinh vien (ngudi hgc) tu lap ke hoach eu the hoan nhiem vu hgc tap, tu lua chgn phuang phdp va phuong tien, tu ddnh gia vd tu dieu chinh tiln trinh hgc, tu phan tich ket qua boat ddng va tu cai tien phuang phdp cho ban than Theo dinh hudng nay, gidng vien chi la ngudi xdc dinh myc dich, dat nhfing ydu cdu ve mat tri thfic va khang dinh tri thuc dd cd y nghTa nhu the nao ddi vdi sinh vien vd ddi vdi qua trinh hgc tap Kich thich tinh ty gidc bang each bugc smh vien phai chu ddng thuc hien boat ddng nhan thfic cua minh, ty xdc dinh ndi dung tri thfic dap fing dung myc dich va yeu cau tren Sinh vien tu gidi quyet cdc nhiem vy hgc tap, ty kiera tra, danh gid va ty dilu chinh dudi sy giara sat cua giang vien Phuang phdp khai ggi tinh td md, mong mudn hieu biet cua sinh vien, tao nhu cdu khat kiln thfic, tfi sinh vien y thfie ro trdch nhiem, nghTa vy cua ban than phdi ty tim tdi hgc hdi, phuong thuc dd cung la mgt dinh hudng ISSN 2354-1482 tiep can gan nhat vdi viec nghien cfiu khoa hge sau nay, hmh dan thdi quen ty nghien cuu "Hinh thdnh phdt trien vd ren luyen he thdng ky ndng tu hgc cho hge sinh doi hdi mgt qud trinh ldu ddi, kien tri, thuang xuyen Trong do, gido vien phdi Id nguai to chiec, hudng ddn, don doe, kiem tra hgc sinh tu hgc; hgc sinh phdi chii dgng tieh cue, tu gidc vd kien tri luyen tap Chi ndo "tu hgc" tra thdnh thdi quen vd niem dam me cua hgc sinh thi viec tu hgc mdi dem lgi hieu qud thuc su''' [3] Theo tdm ly hgc, thdi hgc tap cua ngudi hgc la nen tang quan trgng nhdt cho viee hinh va phdt trien ky nang ty hge Chi nao ngudi hgc tu y thuc dugc viec tu hgc, cd niem tin vao ban than, va viec tu hgc trd sd thich, dam me, se khdng can cd sy thuc giyc Clia yeu td ben ngoai Mudn tac dgng tdt tinh ty giac vd ky ndng tu hgc eho sinh vien thi theo chiing tdi cde trudng dai hgc can tich eye ddi mdi phuang phdp day hgc, phai bdi dudng va dao tao dOi ngu gido vien khdng chi ed pham chdt tdt, kien thfic gidi, chuyen mdn sau va kien thfic lien nganh rgng, cd nang luc nghien cfiu khoa hgc, ma edn ed nghiep vu su phara vttng vdng Trong qud trinh dao tao can bdi duang y thfic ty gidc cho sinh vien de hg nhan thfic dung dan ve vai trd, y nghTa cua viec ty hgc, he thdng cdc ky ndng tu hgc va cac bien phap ren luyen ky nang tu hge Cd nhu vdy, sinh vien se tu nang cao nang luc tu hge cua minh, lara ca sd de ty hgc sudt ddi va ed kha nang day cho hgc sinh phd thdng phuang phap tu TAP CHI KHOA HQC - BAI HOC BONG NAI SO 02 - 2016 hgc hieu qua Trong viec ty giac hge tap, ung dung edng nghe thdng tin duge xem la ngudn phuang tien tdt nhat de hd trg, cung la phuang tien tdi uu cho sinh vidn viec tmy tim tai lieu ty hgc, dJic biet la cdng dyng cua mang internet Thyc hien diing theo dinh hudng de xuat d phan mdn Giao due hgc, chung tdi nghT riing se thdo gd dugc mdt sd van de sau ddy: Thu nhdt, tu giac hgc tap se giai quylt duge su eye bd vl mat kien thfic cho sinh vien, lam phong phii vdn hieu biet ve nhiing kien thfic lien ngdnh Qua qua trinh tu nghien cfiu, sinh vien se hieu sau hon vl mdi quan he giua mdn hgc vd cac khoa hgc khac nhu gan nhat la khoa hge Triet hgc - cha de cua khoa hgc Giao dye, Tam ly hgc, Xa hgi hgc la mdi trudng tdn tai va phat trien cung Gido due hgc Sy ty gidc hgc tap ludn la khdi ngudn cho mgi sy ddi mdi ve ITnh vyc gido dye Dilu quan trgng nhat hien la nd lye tao nhan thue eho ngudi hgc de mdi ngudi hieu rang, hg mdi chinh Id chu nhan eua qua trinh giao dye, la "nha qudn tri" sy hge tap cua ban than, vdi tam the: "Ta la san pham cfia chinh minh" Thu hai, ty gidc hgc tap se khdc phuc triet dd tinh thy dgng, chay ludi hge tap ciia sinh vien, song vdi sy dinh hudng cua giao vien neu sinh vien khdng hr tim hieu ndi dung chinh xae cho ngudn tri thfic chi mdi cd mue dich va y nghTa, hg se khdng thi vugt qua nhung quy dinh gdt gao eua viec danh gia va cac tieu chuan hoan mdn hgc, dd la phuong phdp bit bugc sinh vien phdi nd lire Mdt cac tieu ehuan quy dinh ve ndng lyc ciia mgt nha gido dye, dd la tinh ISSN 2354-1482 tu giac, ty hgc hdi, hgc tap vd ren luyen sudt ddi ludn lam tdm guong sang eho eae the he sau Gido due cdn la san pham cua chlnh ngudi do, cua mdt qua trinh giao dye tu than NghTa la, ngudi hgc vua la nguyen lieu, vfia la sdn pham va cung lai la trung tdm cua cd qua trinh gido due Ngudi hgc can phdi biet ndm ldy su chu dgng cao nhat toan bg qua trinh hgc Va mgi sy ddi thay, eai each hay cdi tien gido dye deu bat ddu tir su hgc cua ban than mdi ngudi Thu ba, ty nghidn cim la eon dudng hieu qua nhat dua sinh vien den kho tang tri thfic cua nhan loai, dan dan hinh thdi quen lua chgn tri thiic phil hgp va ddp fing dugc nhu cdu hien tai cho ban than Mgt vai y kien cho rdng mgt sd chung ta la nhiing san pham bi "ldi" cua nen giao dye Viet Nam Nhung thyc te eho thay ddu phdi tat ca nhung thy hudng nin gido dye nudc deu bi "ldi" Van ed rat nhieu ngudi thdnh tai ma chua he thy hudng mgt nen giao dye nao khdc ngoai nhiing dieu da dugc hgc, dugc day nha trudng Viet Nam Tim hilu nhttng kinh nghiem ciia hg, didm khac chinh la d nhan thue ve ty hgc va qua trinh ty nhdn thfic, ty ren luyen, ty than van ddng va phdt trien cua hg Tfi dd sinh vien cd the xac dinh dugc hgc vdn hien tai cua chinh minh, ty phan dau hgc tap vuon len de hda nh^p, thich fing cudc song, ty khang dinh ban than va phat triln Kit lu^n Trong ph^m vi bai vilt, chung tdi tap trung ban vl viec kich thieh tinh ty Al* ^til KhLOA HOC - B A I HOC B U N G NAI, SU 02 - 2016 gidc cho sinh vien hgc tap, nghien cfiu Do nhieu nguyen nhan chung tdi chua de cap mgt each day du va thau ddo nhung ndi dung eiia nd Nhung dilu chung tdi mong mudn la qua trinh nghien cuu ndi chung va bd mdn Giao due hgc ndi ridng, ngudi day vd ngudi hgc cdn y thfic tu gidc, nhat la phai ISSN ^J54-14«^ ed phuang phdp dua tren cdc tieu chi cu the, dua vao dac thu cua gido dye ma tim hieu sau vd he thdng hda nhung van de lidn quan Hy vgng rdng tinh tu gidc hgc tiip, nghien cfiu se trd thdi quen mdt phuang phdp hgc tap tich circ, se khoi ngudn cam hfing say me cua ngudi day cung nhu ngudi hgc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO l.K Marx (1976), Tu bdn (tap 1, quyin 1), Nxb Sy that, Moskva Trdn Thi Tuylt Oanh, Pham Khdc Chuang, Bfii Minh Hiln (2009), Gido trinh Gido due hgc (tap vd 2), Nxb Dai hge Su pham Ha Ndi www.nhandan.org.vn/cuoituan STIMULATING STUDENTS' SELF-AWARENESS OF LEARNING AND RESEARCH IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF THE FUTURE TEACHERS ABSTRACT Self-learning is a basic component of every pedagogical process, in which its nature is the struggle within oneself to acquire the social impacts in an attempt to transform the extemal impacts into one's requirements and internal stimulations Teaching practices indicate that self-awareness of learning is the single most effective indicator/solution in learning with a view to helping students self-improve their academic levels, which in tum helps them quickly be in control ofthe knowledge about the fields they are pursuing This paper regards encouragement of self-learning attitudes as a key to every field of knowledge Keywords: Pedagogy, method, self- awareness, study, research ... ky ndng tu hgc cho hge sinh doi hdi mgt qud trinh ldu ddi, kien tri, thuang xuyen Trong do, gido vien phdi Id nguai to chiec, hudng ddn, don doe, kiem tra hgc sinh tu hgc; hgc sinh phdi chii... tuong lai, ddng thdi phat triln nang luc tu hgc, tu nghien cun khoa hge gido duc cho cdc em dd chinh la viec ISSN 2354-1482 kich thich tinh tu gidc hge tap va nghien cfiu Thyc tien day hgc cho. .. den ddi sdng nghe nghiep tuong lai cua nhiing ngudi nganh su pham Ddi sinh vien td thai xem thudng, thieu chu ddng thyc hien nhiem vy hgc tap, khdng cd y tudng cho vide ty hgc ddi vdi viec hgc