14 Xa hoi hoc s6'4 (112), 2010 TANG TRITONG VA PHAT TRIEN BEN VtJ^JG SAU SUY GIAM KINH TE: TU" M O T GOG NHIN XA H O I DANG NGUYEN ANH* Thflc te da cho tha'y cd nhieu mo hinh tang trfldng tren the gidi, gin lien vdi dinh hiidng phat trien cua cac nen kinh te khac Mo hinh tdng trudng tri tre chfl dau tfl vao cua cai vat cha't ma khong dlu tfl phat trien ngfldi Mo hinh cd the dem lai tang trfldng cao ngln han nhflng sau dd se tuot do'c va kho tang trfldng trd lai Md hinh tdng trudng thien lech cd chu den an sinh va phuc Idi xa hoi song vIn flu tien dlu tfl vat cha't, kinh te nhieu hdn Md hinh neu keo dai se dan den sfl phat trien meo md, ma't can do'i dai han Mo hinh tdng tritdng ben vitng chu dlu tii can ddi, khong chi kinh te va chu hdn den nhan to' ngfldi, eho giao due va y - te, tai tao ngudn tai nguyen va nang Ifldng sach Tang trfldng hang nam cd the khong cao song dam bao dfldc sfl phat trien ben vflng Hien Viet Nam dang nghieng ve md hinh thfl hai, dung hdn la thien ve mo hinh Xu hfldng dfldc the hien bIng nhflng tflu tang trfldng kinh te nhanh va lien tuc nhieu nam qua, vdi cai gia phai tra kha Idn linh vflc van hoa, xa hoi va mdi trfldng Tang trfldng mot phan tram kinh te di lien vdi nhieu phIn tram suy giam mdi trfldng song va gia tang phan hoa giau ngheo la dieu khong mong mudn Cd the thay kinh te Viet Nam ed ban la nen kinh te gia cong va khai thac nguyen lieu tho Cho den thdi diem dien cdn bao tai chinh toan clu, mo hinh tang trfldng cua nfldc ta van dfla tren bd'n yeu to' la: khai thac ngudn tai nguyen (than da, dau tho, go ), tham dung vd'n, sfl dung lao dong cha't Ifldng tha'p va dau tfl Idn cho khu vflc doanh nghiep nha nfldc Sflc khoe cua mot nen kinh te, cua mot quo'c gia khong the chi blng so' % tang trfldng, cang khong the dfla tren mot khu vflc kinh te dfldc flu dai Da't thi, da't chuyen muc tieu kinh doanh, dau tho, than, khoang san la muc tieu khai thac ciia cac tap doan kinh te': Trong cac doanh nghiep tich efle flu tien "kiem Idi" hdn la thflc hien trach nhiem xa hoi nhfl da cam ket va hfla hen, thi nhieu dia phfldng, dac biet chinh quyen ca'p tinh dang hanh xfl nhfl nhflng "tap doan kinh te*' nham theo dudi muc tieu tang trfldng va canh tranh thu hut d l u tfl nfldc ngoai, coi nhe an sinh xa hoi cua ngfldi dan Ro rang la tang trfldng kinh te chfla tao tien de cho nhflng nen mdng xa hoi cuoc chay dua tren dfldng dai cua da't nfldc An sinh xa hoi d Viet Nam ddi hoi * PGS TS Vien Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam Bang Nguyen Anh 15 phai dfldc cai thien, tfl sd gifldng benh, sd phdng hoc eho den nhflng khoan trd ca'p vung ngheo, lu lut deu eIn cd nhflng chinh sach dfldc thflc thi nghiem tuc Mac du tang trudng kinh te se giup cho giao due va y te ed them kinh phi de phat trien va nang cao cha't lUdng benh vien, trfldng hoc Tuy nhien, neu ngfldi dan khong cd tien de cho di hoc, khong cd dieu kien de chi tra nhflng dieh vu y te cha't Ifldng cao thi nhflng qua cua tang trfldng kinh te trd nen it y nghia Sfl quan tam chu y den cac va'n de xa hoi va sfl chia se trach nhiem trfldc nhflng thach thflc di lien vdi tac dong cua suy giam kinh te d nfldc ta dfldng nhfl chfla dfldc chu y Tfl gde nhin lao dong xa hoi, bai viet xem xet nhflng thach thflc ddi vdi muc tieu tang trfldng va phat trien ben vflng giai doan phuc hdi sau khung hoang kinh te va de xua't sfl cln thiet hfldng den mot md hinh tang trfldng can blng hdn, vi muc tieu phat trien ngfldi, dac biet mot boi canh the gidi cd nhieu bien dong kho Ifldng Lao dong viec lam - mot nam sau ctfn bao tai chinh Lao dong viec lam va sau cuoc khung hoang tai chinh luon la va'n de ndng do'i vdi moi quo'c gia Nam 2009, anh hfldng cua suy giam kinh te, GDP cua Viet Nam bi giam sut nen van de giai quye't viec lam cho 1,7 trieu lao dong da khong dat dfldc muc tieu de Tfl cud'i nam 2008 va nam 2009, sfl dinh tre va tut doe cua kinh te the gidi da ed tac dong manh tdi thi trfldng lao dong nfldc, dan !en tinh trang ma't viec, giam gid lam, giam tien Ifldng va thu nhap Tinh hinh dac biet kho khan dien d cac doanh nghiep xua't khau va nhap khau nguyen lieu gia cong de tai xua't nfldc ngoai Cung vdi sfl phuc hdi cua nen kinh te, tfl d l u Quy IV nam 2009 cac doanh nghiep d cac dia phfldng cd nhu cau tuyen dung nhfl Hai Dfldng, Thai Binh, Tp Hd Chi Minh, Binh Dfldng, da ddn dfldc xu hfldng phuc hdi va tuyen dung lao dong trd lai Tren cd sd da tang trfldng trd lai, ty le ngfldi lao dong mat viec tim dfldc viec lam mdi tai vung kinh te diem phia Nam quy IV nam 2009 la 80% Nam 2010 cd the xem la giai doan khdi sac vi cac chinh sach thflc hien vao thdi ky cd y nghia tao tien de cho giai doan "tang td'c" cua nen kinh te sau Day c u r " la giai phap tao viec lam, on dinh thu nhap cho ngvTdi lao dong, tfl dd thuc day tieu dflng Tuy nhien, thi trfldng the gidi hau khung hoang se trd nen bao ho hdn va canh tranh qudc te cung se cang gay git 10 nam tdi Xua't khau sang cac thi trfldng My va EU hien khong cdn de dang nhfl trfldc Qua trinh phuc hdi chfla dflng nhflng mdi lo au Cach giai quyet viec lam thdng qua cac chfldng trinh phat trien kinh te xa hoi nhfl trfldc day se gap kho khan han che dau va hieu qua Sd cho lam mdi cd the tang len song thieu dn dinh, kem cha't Ifldng ddng Ifldng khong tang, tham chi giam sut tren thflc te De cd the dam bao cong an viec lam ve lau dai, can chu cai thien moi trfldng dau tfl, phat trien san xua't kinh doanh, dieh vu, sfl dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn vdn d l u tfl phat trien, song song vdi nang cao cha't Ifldng viec lam va dieu 16 Tdng trudng vd phdt trien bin vitng kien song cho ngfldi lao ddng Thi trfldng quo'c te' sfl dung lao ddng nfldc ngoai chfla hoan toan binh phuc Nhu cau do'i vdi lao dong tay nghe tha'p cua Viet Nam chfla tang manh O nfldc, cau chuyen thi trfldng lao dong sau Tet bien dong nhieu lao dong ve que khong quay lai lam viec diln hang nam da trd noi am anh ddi vdi nhieu doanh nghiep, nhat la doanh nghiep sfl dung nhieu lao dong phd thong Tuy nhien tinh trang phan anh nhflng kho khan ba't cap cua ngfldi lao dong nhfl dieu kien lao dong doc hai, che dai ngo kem, bdt xen phuc Idi va bao hiem cua cong nhan, Gin day, bao chi da dang tai nhieu phdng sfl ve bfla an cua cong nhan d cac khu cong nghiep Hau het cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban Binh Dfldng dang chi tien an dfldi 10 ngan ddng/bfla/cdng nhan, khong it doanh nghiep chi chi ngan ddng/bfla theo thdi gia hien nay, mot suat an trung binh du dinh dfldng phai ma't it nha't 15 - 18 nghin Do sua't cdm phai qua "thau" nen khau phan bi hao hut ca ve Ifldng lln ve chat Tinh trang Ifldng tha'p, gia ca tang, cha't Ifldng bfla an hang cong nhan khien cho lao dong cang "tuot dd'c", sflc khoe di xud'ng mot each nhanh chdng Dac biet van de nha d cho cong nhan d cac khu cong nghiep luon la van de bflc xuc, khien cho nhieu ngUdi lao dong d cac khu eong nghiep chi coi day la ndi tam bd, san sang bo viec di ndi khac hoae ve que sinh song Sfl thieu hut nhan eong tai cac khu cong nghiep la dieu khong mong mudn, song cd the se tao nen sflc ep doi vdi cae doanh nghiep phai dieu chinh tien Ifldng va quan tam hdn den phuc Idi cua ngfldi lao dong Khi cung cau lao dong chfla khdp thi se trd ngai Idn do'i vdi muc tieu tang trfldng Va'n de la d cho, khong phai ngfldi lad dong thieu gin bd vdi cong viec ma trfldc het la chinh sach tien Ifldng chfla thoa dang khien cho ddi sd'ng cong nhan gap nhieu kho khan, kho yen tam vdi cong viec Hien nay, tien Ifldng edng nhan khu che xuat cdn tha'p hdn so vdi ngfldi lao dong tfl khien eho nhieu ngfldi khong muo'n vao lam cho cae doanh nghiep d cac phd' Idn, chi phi sinh hoat dat dd, khat khe ve thdi gian va phai xa que hfldng Mflc tang Ifldng to'i thieu (khoang 7%) chfla du bu dap dfldc sflc lao dong neu so vdi mflc tang gia tieu dung va sinh hoat Trai vdi quy luat tang gia cua ma'y nam trfldc, chi so' gia tieu dung cua ca nam 2010 tang den 11,75% mflc tang gia manh nha't la Ifldng thflc, thflc pham va dieh vu an ud'ng Danh sach tang gia hau het la nhflng mat hang ed't yeu nhfl xang dlu, xi mang, thep, phan bdn, Gia ca leo thang khong chi anh hfldng den ddi sd'ng cua tflng gia dinh, tflng ngfldi dan ma cdn cac muc tieu kinh te'vi mo cua Chinh phu Cac mat hang tren khong chi la san pham tieu dung cua ngfldi dan ma cdn la chi phi dlu vao cua cac nganh san xua't, dieh vu nen kinh te Nhufng t h a c h thijfc h i e n n a y Bao cao "Trien vong kinh te The gidi" vfla dfldc World Bank (WB) edng bd lifu y r i n g nhu cau noi dia se la dong Iflc ehu ehd't thuc day tang trfldng tai khu vUe chau A giai doan phuc hdi Nhfl vay, kinh te phuc hdi nhanh trfldc het se dfla tren kha nang thuc day tieu dung nfldc va gia tang sflc mua cua xa hoi, nham uliay the Bang Nguyen Anh 17 sfl giam sut xua't khau Song sflc mua kho tang len thu nhap ciia ngfldi lao dong tha'p va tac dong cua lam phat Thflc te nfldc ta cho tha'y 70% dan sd d nong thdn thu nhap tha'p, thu nhap cua 2/3 dan so' dd thi (chiem 30% dan sd) van dfldi mflc trung binh Thi trUdng noi dia bi gidi han sflc mua kem nen khong di dang phat huy diidc the manh tiem nang Trong dd, ngfldi ndng dan phai tfl bfldn ehai, tfl lam va phai chiu rui ro ve bien dong gia ca, thdi tiet va thi trfldng xua't khau the gidi Day la nhflng han che cd tinh thach thflc Idn va lau dai do'i vdi Viet Nam, chfl khong chi giai doan phuc hdi kinh te hien Thu nhap la mot nhflng yeu to' then chdt de ngfldi lao dong dam bao sinh ke eho ban than va gia dinh Cd hoi viec lam mang lai thu nhap dn dinh cho ngfldi dan la mot nhflng rang buoc quan do'i vdi qua trinh tang trfldng vi mue tieu eon ngiidi Tuy nhien, tien Ifldng cong nhan khu che xua't cdn thap hdn so vdi ngfldi lao dong tfl khien eho nhieu ngfldi khong mudn vao lam eho cac doanh nghiep d cae phd'Idn, chi phi sinh hoat d i t dd, khat khe ve thdi gian va phai xa que hfldng Trong dd, phuc Idi cua ngfldi lao dong mat doanh nghiep qua ddn gian, chi bao gdm ndi d, cong viee, bfla an gifla ca Song ca nhflng nhu cau thiet yeu dd cung chfla dfldc dap flng td't nhfl dfldc phan anh qua ddi sd'ng edng nhan cac khu cong nghiep, hien dang phai chiu dflng nhflng rui ro mat viec, that nghiep, dau dm, tai nan lao dong, an toan ca nhan An sinh xa hoi d khu vflc ndng thdn cung het sflc han che Tren 2/3 ndng dan tinh trang "tay lam ham nhai", hlu het ngfldi gia khong cd Ifldng hflu, lai khong dfldc trd cap, khong cd bao hiem y te mang Ifldi an toan xa hoi truyen tho'ng dfla tren cd sd gia dinh, than toe va eong ddng dang pha vd cung vdi qua trinh dd thi hoa qua nhanh Gdi kich thich kinh te nam 2009 cua Chinh phu vdi muc tieu flu tien la kich clu dau tfl va tieu dung, tri toe tang trfldng va han che suy giam kinh te nen tac dong den thi trfldng lao dong va thi trfldng xua't khau hang hoa khong trflc tiep, khien cho muc tieu tao viec lam cdn han che Chi tieu cho an sinh xa hoi chi chiem mot phan nhd gdi kich thich (dfldi 4%) Trong dd, cac doanh nghiep, edng ty va tap doan quo'c doanh tfl nhieu nam khong tao edng an viec lam So' von dau tfl cho cac tap doan kinh te nha nfldc ra't Idn song so' viec lam tfldng flng cua cac tap doan tao rat it, hieu qua hoat dong kinh doanh tha'p, quan iy chdng cheo, phan tan So vdi sfl dau tfl va flu dai ma khu vflc quo'c doanh nhan dfldc thi qua la mot nghieh ly Theo tinh toan, de tang ddng GDP, khu vflc nha nfldc da phai dlu tfl 4,47 ddng nam 2006 va 3,53 ddng nam 2007 Trong dd binh quan nam gin day, de tao ddng GDP, chi cln dlu tfl khoang 2,82 ddng neu tinh chung toan bo nen kinh te Ro rang, de tang trfldng td't hdn cln nang cao hieu qua dau tfl, nha't la cac hoat dong d l u tfl edng Phfldng thflc tao viec lam nfldc nhflng nam tdi d Viet Nam ve cd ban v l n theo phfldng cham xa hoi hda: dd la nha nfldc, xa hoi va ban than ngfldi lao dong cung tao viec lam, giai quyet viec lam Giai quyet viec lam ddi vdi khu vflc nong thdn Viet Nam v l n la va'n de Idn bdi hai le: mot la qua trinh dd thi hda va cong nghiep 18 Tdng trUdng vd phdt trien ben vitng hda cdn tiep tue nen viec chuyen ddi muc dich sfl dung da't ndng nghiep v l n dien ddi hoi phai cd viee lam mdi cho ndng dan mat da't; hai la, c l n chuyen dich mot sd Ifldng Idn lao dong ndng nghiep sang cac nganh edng nghiep, xay dflng va dich vu doi hdi phai tao nhieu viec lam cac linh vflc Viet Nam cln xem x6t dau tfl cho khu vflc dich vu de ed the tao dfldc nhieu viee lam Day la nhiem vu nang ne va kho khan song khong the khong thflc hien Trong dd, cha't Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc dang can trd sfl bflt pha ciia Viet Nam cac nfldc phat trien, d l u tfl td't vao giao due nen yeu to' khoa hoc cong nghe ddng gdp vao tang trfldng gia tri gia tang 70 - 80%, cdn Viet Nam mflc ddng gdp ham Ifldng cha't xam chi 10 - 15% nen gia tri hang hoa van tha'p, gia tri thu ve cho nen kinh te cdn tha'p Ben canh dd, nhflng kho khan nhfl thieu kinh nghiem quan ly va thieu lao dong cd tay nghe dang de doa sfl phat trien ben vflng Mot ket qua khao sat nam 2007 cua Bo LD-TB&XH cho tha'y ty le lao dong da qua dao tao chi chiem khoang 30% Iflc Ifldng lao dong G i n 80% lao dong tre d tudi tfl 20 - 24 tham gia vao thi trfldng lao dong hau nhfl chfla qua dao tao nghe chinh thflc nao Nhflng nghien cflu gan day chi r i n g he thdng giao due cua Viet Nam hien cha't Ifldng chfla cao va chfla dap flng dfldc nhu cau hoc tap va nhu cau tuyen dung lao dong chat Ifldng cao cua doanh nghiep PhIn ddng nhflng nha tuyen dung lao dong nfldc ngoai deu gap kho khan viee tim kiem ngfldi lao dong cd nhflng ky nang phfl hdp vdi nhu clu edng viee Chat Ifldng lao dong thflc sfl tha'p nang sua't lao dong xa hoi flde tinh chi dat xap xi 1600 USD/lao dong/nam (tha'p hdn nhieu so vdi mflc nang sua't binh quan ciia the gidi la 14.600 USD) Trfldc thflc te ndi tren, tang trfldng kinh te phai hfldng den muc tieu phat trien ngfldi, tao nhieu viee lam, thu nhap va phuc Idi xa hoi dang la md thflc tang trfldng dfldc flu tien Ifla chon tren the gidi Viec md rong cac cd hoi viec lam thflc sfl se la clu nd'i quan gifla tang trfldng vdi phat trien ngudn nhan Iflc Tai ca'u true nen kinh te ddi hoi nang cao cha't Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc thdng qua giao due, hoe va day nghe phfl hdp cho ngfldi dan vdi sfl tham gia tich efle ciia nhieu phIn kinh te' va dlu tfl cua Chinh phu Van de bao hiem that nghiep Van de bao hiem that nghiep (BHTN) cln dfldc rut nhfl mot bai hoc ve ban hanh va thflc thi chinh sach Cach day ba nam lam chinh sach BHTN, cae nha quan ly fldc tinh se ed - 3,5 trieu ngfldi lao dong tham gia Tuy nhien tren thflc te da cd hdn 5,2 trieu ngfldi ddng BHTN vdi so'tien len den hdn 3000 ty ddng Khi kinh te phat trien binh thfldng, v l n ed hang tram nghin ngfldi tha't nghiep mdi nam Trong dieu kien suy giam kinh te, va'n de trd nen t r i m hdn va can dudc quan tam nhieu hdn Ngay thflc hi§n chinh sach BHYT da cd nhieu diem ba't hdp ly cln sfla ddi Hien kho khan Idn nha't ddi vdi viec trien khai bao hiem tha't nghiep la viec lao Bang Nguyen Anh 19 ddng tha't nghiep khong du dieu kien hfldng bao hiem tha't nghiep khong ed sd bao hiem Tinh trang doanh nghiep pha san, bd trd'n hoae nd thue v l n chfla dfldc khlc phuc sau khung hoang Doanh nghiep vi pham luat ma ngfldi lad dong lai bi ap dung che tai la ba't hdp ly vi loi khong phai ho Theo tho'ng ke cua Bao hiem xa hoi Viet Nam, hien cd tdi 60% doanh nghiep cham ddng bao hiem xa hoi va 30% nd bao hiem xa hoi Nhieu ngUdi lao dong lam thu tuc dang ky ma't viee mdi rd la doanh nghiep khong ddng ba't cfl khoan bao hiem nao eho ho Do doanh nghiep nd dong bao hiem xa hoi da tren thang nen cd quan bao hiem khong ehd't sd, lam anh hfldng nhieu den viec nhan trd ca'p that nghiep Trong ba't cfl hoan canh nao ngfldi lao dong cung luon rdi vao the yeu ve phap ly, ddi sd'ng kho khan, bflc bach Quyen Idi cua ngfldi lao ddng bi vi pham Cau chuyen BHTN cho tha'y ngfldi dan khong the tfl ban hanh chinh sach cho minh, nhflng bao gid ho cung la ddi tfldng trflc tiep va ganh hau qua cua mot quyet dinh chinh sach Nhflng ba't cap, vfldng mac cua BHTN phIn Idn lien quan den doanh nghiep sfl dung lao dong va cd quan bao hiem, va ngfldi lao ddng la nan nhan Mac du noi dung BHTN bao gdm trd ca'p tha't nghiep, hd trd dao tao nghe, hd trd tim viec lam va che bao hiem y te thdi gian hfldng trd cap that nghiep, nhflng cho den nhieu dia phfldng chfla giai quyet dfldc nhu cau dao tao nghe va tao viee lam Trong dieu kien dd, BHTN chi giai quyet dfldc cai ngon cua tinh trang mat viee, muc dich cua BHTN khong chi la cflu trd tam thdi b l n g "con ca" ma phai trang bi "cln cau" cho ngfldi lao dong Ket l u a n Nam 2010 cd the xem la giai doan khdi sac vi eac chinh sach thflc hien vao thdi ky cd y nghia tao tien de cho giai doan "tang td'c" cua nen kinh te 10 nam tdi Day cung la nam ban le de thflc hien muc tieu tao viee lam, dn dinh thu nhap eho ngfldi lao dong, tfl dd cai thien mflc sd'ng Tuy nhien, thi trfldng the gidi hau khung hoang se trd nen bao ho hdn va canh tranh quo'c te cung se cang gay g i t nhieu nam tdi Xua't khau sang cac thi trfldng Hoa Ky va EU hien khong d l dang nhfl trfldc Qua trinh phuc hdi chfla dflng nhflng mdi lo au Cach giai quye't viee lam thdng qua cac chfldng trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nhfl trfldc day se gap kho khan han che d l u va hieu qua So'ehd lam mdi cd the tang len song thieu dn dinh, kem chat Ifldng ddng Ifldng khong tang, tham chi giam sut tren thflc te Mac du ed chu trfldng dung, qua trinh tang trfldng kinh te nhflng nam qua chfla gdp phan md rong nhflng cd hoi viec lam cho ngfldi dan, tdan dung tdt hdn Iflc Ifldng lao dong Cln chu cai thien mdi trfldng d l u tfl, phat trien san xua't kinh doanh, dich vu, sfl dung ed hieu qua cae ngudn vd'n dau tfl phat trien, song song vdi nang cao cha't Ifldng viec lam va cha't Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc Can cd nhflng do'i sach cu the va hflu hieu hdn nhlm tang cfldng phuc Idi, cai thien thu nhap va dieu kien sd'ng cho ngfldi lao dong 20 Tdng trudng vd phdt trien ben vitng Phfldng thflc tao viec lam nhflng nam tdi d Viet Nam ve cd ban van theo phfldng cham xa hoi hda: dd la nha nfldc, xa hoi va ban than ngfldi lao dong cflng tao viec lam, giai quyet viec lam Giai quye't viec lam do'i vdi khu vflc ndng thdn Viet Nam van la va'n de Idn bdi hai le: mot la qua trinh dd thi hda va edng nghiep hda cdn tiep tuc nen viee chuyen ddi muc dich sfl dung dat ndng nghiep van dien ddi hoi phai ed viee lam mdi cho ndng dan ma't da't; hai la, c l n chuyen dich mot so' Ifldng Idn lao dong ndng nghiep sang cac nganh edng nghiep, xay dflng va dieh vu ddi hdi phai tao nhieu viec lam cae linh vflc Viet Nam can xem xet d l u tfl eho khu vflc dich vu de cd the tao dfldc nhieu viec lam Day la nhiem vu nang ne va kho khan song khong the khong thflc hien Bai hoc tfl khung khoang kinh te cho tha'y neu dat san xua't lam tam tang trfldng se d i n den sfl ma't thang b l n g cua nen kinh te, va bi cri mot thdi gian dai se tao bat dn xa hoi va hang loat hau qua khac Cac chi tieu kinh te ke hoach nam tdi cua Viet Nam dfldc dat kha lac quan, va dac biet mang tinh flu tien den mue tieu tang trfldng kinh te cho tha'y xu hfldng chinh sach thien ve td'c tang trfldng thdi gian tdi Chung ta dang pha'n da'u dat ty le tang trfldng - 8%/nam cho giai doan 2011 - 2015 De ed the thflc hien dfldc nhflng mue tieu dly ky vong dd, cln cd tfl mdi va each lam mdi, va nhat la khong lap lai nhflng bat cap viec ban hanh, thflc thi chinh sach, tap trung dn dinh vi md de tao da phat trien vflng chic Md hinh tang trfldng cua the gidi hien khong cdn nhfl trfldc Tang trfldng dfla vao xuat khau, can kiet tai nguyen, gia tang d nhiem mdi trfldng la trai ngflde vdi quan niem phat trien ben vflng Day la mot phfldng thflc tang trfldng khong eo tfldng lai Trong giai doan kinh te phuc hdi, chung ta eIn chuyen hfldng manh sang md hinh tang trfldng ben vflng, bdi Idi ich ma md hinh ddng bo hdn, hieu qua lau dai hdn Tang chi tieu edng eho viee tao edng an viec lam, nha d cho ngfldi thu nhap thap, la eac giai phap de phan phdi td't hdn cae qua tang trfldng kinh te De dam bao qua trinh phuc hdi ben vflng, Viet Nam khong nen flu tien tang trfldng ve Ifldng, ma cln tang trfldng ve cha't, chuyen tfl tang trfldng ehieu rong theo ehieu sau, chu chuyen dieh ed ca'u, tai ca'u true nen kinh te theo hfldng tang sflc canh tranh dfla tren ngudn nhan Iflc cha't Ifldng cao Qua trinh tang trfldng tdi day phai tinh den mot sd cae rao can nhfl kha nang lien ket xa hoi cdn yeu, mflc tham gia cua dan chung vao cae quye't dinh cua chinh quyen, nha't la vdi cac dfl an edng cdn han che Viec tai ca'u true lai nen kinh te se gdp p h I n ddi mdi md hinh tang trfldng, deo dai hdn trfldc nhflng cu sd'e mdi, dd nang cao cha't Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc la mot nhflng "nut t h i t " cln dfldc flu tien giai quyet C l n nang cao cha't Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc thdng qua giao due, hoc va day nghe phu hdp chongUdi dan vdi sfl tham gia tich efle cua nhieu p h I n kinh te Qua trinh ddi hoi sfl d l u tfl eho ngfldi lao dong, giam bdt kho khan va ganh nang thu nhap thap, lam cho ho yen tam gan bo vdi cong viec Neu biet d l u tfl va dau tfl dung nhu clu Bang Nguyen Anh 21 trung linh vflc, nen kinh te se dfldc hfldng Idi va muc tieu g i n tang trfldng kinh te vdi edng b l n g va tien bo xa hoi se dfldc thflc hien Tai lieu t h a m k h a o ILO (International Labour Orgnization) 2009 Global Employment January 2009 Geneva Trends report Thdng ta'n xa Viet Nam (TTXVN) 2010 Mot vdi dU bdo vi kinh te todn cdu ndm 2010 Tai lieu tham khao Chuyen de thang 3/2010 TrIn Anh Phfldng 2008 Phdt trien bin vitng tinh vUc kinh te d Viet Nam vd nhUng tdc dong chinh tri - xa hoi Bao dien tfl Dang Cong san Viet Nam TrIn Hflu Cfldng 2008 "Mot so'nhan to'tdng ciidng lien ket giiCa tdng triidng kinh te vd phdt trien ngiidi", Tap chi kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Dfldng, so' 236 thang 10/2008 WB (World Bank) 2010 Global Economics Prospects 2010: Crisis, Finance and Growth World Bank's Development Prospects Group 21/2/2010 Washington DC ... viec lam - mot nam sau ctfn bao tai chinh Lao dong viec lam va sau cuoc khung hoang tai chinh luon la va'n de ndng do'i vdi moi quo'c gia Nam 2009, anh hfldng cua suy giam kinh te, GDP cua Viet... cua tang trfldng kinh te trd nen it y nghia Sfl quan tam chu y den cac va'n de xa hoi va sfl chia se trach nhiem trfldc nhflng thach thflc di lien vdi tac dong cua suy giam kinh te d nfldc ta... thi hoa qua nhanh Gdi kich thich kinh te nam 2009 cua Chinh phu vdi muc tieu flu tien la kich clu dau tfl va tieu dung, tri toe tang trfldng va han che suy giam kinh te nen tac dong den thi trfldng