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VAN HOA DUONG DAI ©W l^M© qua trudng hpp lao dong giup viec (Tiep theo sd 321) DANG THI DIEU TRANG K hi nghien ciru vl di dan d Viet Nam, mgt hgc gia nudc ngoai cho ring: "Ngudi diu tien di khdi ling la nam hay nu thi hiu nhu se quyei dinh gidi tinh eua nhung ngudi bin rong thuge ling dd"(10) Song nghien cuu vl nhung ngudi bin rong, tic gia lai cho thay su phan dinh gidi tfnh phin nhilu duge quy dinh bdi tfnh chat cua timg loai eong viec Vl "nam gidi khong lim nhiJng viee lg mg" nen ti le nhung ngudi phu nu ban rong thudng cao hon nam gidi; va ndi den nghi ban rong thi phu nu vin la nhung ddi tugng dugc lien tudng den nhilu hon, vi thue te eung cho thay nu lim nghe ban rong la nhung hinh inh chiem uu the ehii ylu bQc tranh toan canh ciia di eu lao dgng nong thon thi (11) Nghi giup viec eho gia dinh eung li mgt nghi ddi hdi su chiu khd, nhanh nhen, kheo leo cua nu gidi SQc ciu ciia thi trudng lao dgng nu giup viee eho gia dinh cang trd nen manh me euge sdng hien dai Tuy nhien ddi vdi nhQng ngudi dugc thue dl nom benh nhan, ngudi gii thi cung ed nhilu nam gidi tham gia Chi Ha Thi T - PhQ Thg cho biei 95% sd ngudi lang ehi, ca nam lin nu deu di eu kie'm viee d nhung noi khic, dd eu 10 ngudi thi den ngudi lam nghi niy d cic benh vien hoac theo vl nha benh nhan, "Chi dau tdi di, rdi din ong anh di lam eong nhan 25 nam Sau dgt ong anh vl que nghi phep, gia dinh cQ khuyen la nen nghi lam edng nhan rdi gia dinh hd trg ddng bio hilm dl vl huu non de vl nha ong d day" Cd the ndi, vai trd eua mdi quan he egng ddng duge phit huy mgt cich manh me ma ea nhung ngudi dang ed mgt eong viee khic cung tQ bd dl gia nhap vio trio luu niy dudi tic dgng ciia nhung ngudi xung quanh Day cung la ca sd tao nen su gin kit, mang tfnh phu thuge lin eua qua trinh di eu lao dgng tQ nong thon thinh thi Va neu nhu ndi theo Iy thuyet xa hdi mang ludi eua Manuel Castells, nha xa hgi hgc ngudi Tay Ban Nha, "xa hgi mang ludi chfnh la eiu true xa hgi cua thdi dai thong tin" (12) thi mgt mang ludi dugc hinh thinh dua tren nln ting cua mgt chudi nhimg mit xich cua nhung mdi quan he giua nhimg ngudi eung lam nghi giup viee eho gia dinh ma phuang tien ket ndi eua hg d day Ii dien thoai di dgng - sin phim cua thdi dai thong tin hien dai Qua khao sit, hiu hit nhimg ngudi lam cong viee cham sde benh nhan va ngudi gia dlu su dung dien thoai di dong dl thong tin vdi nhau, hd trg cho cong viec Dua vao phuong tien kit ndi niy mi hg trd nen nang dgng hon luan phien tilp nhan cong viec tQ benh vien niy sang benh vien khic va e i theo benh nhan vl nha Mdi quan he egng ddng, ling xa, hg hang da tao cho hg nilm tin vi su tin cay lin nhau, hinh nen sir tuong hd cd di cd Iai vdi nhung quy ude ngim su kit hgp ciia mgt mang ludi quan he cung lgi ich kinh te d xa hgi thi 30 2 ^ Thang 4-2011 VAN H(1A N G H F THUAT TROMC MUy^ Do thi hda va nln kinh te thi trudng khong chi lim thay ddi dien mao ddi sdng kinh te ma edn tie dgng khong nhd den ddi sdng van hoa, nhung quan he xa hgi va Qng xu cua ngudi dan Neu nhu quan he giua ca nhan vi egng ddng d nong thon la sin phim eua nln sin xuit nong nghiep vdi kinh t i t u eung tu eip khep kfn thi d thi la quan he mang tfnh md, phan anh hinh thQe hoat dgng kinh te cong nghiep va dich vu thuang mai Dae tfnh cung anh hudng tdi Idi sdng va hanh vi Qng xu cua ngudi lao dgng din sdng va lam viec noi thf Khong ehi la mdi quan he huylt thdng, quan he lang xom ling giing nhu d noi thon que mi mdi quan he giQa nhung ngudi lao dgng tu nong thon thinh thi, nhung ngudi giup viec cho gia dinh d thi cdn Ii mdi quan he giua nhQng ngudi eung nghi Them vio dd, moi trudng giao tiep cua hg cung khong cdn thu ggn, khu biet khuon khd lang xa ma md rgng hon vdi cac ddi tugng khae giua bao bgn bl cua euge sdng xa hgi thi; va nhung tam hdn thon que ehan chit cua hg bi cudn theo, hda nhap mgt cich vo tinh va hao hQng vdi eon ldc cua nln kinh t l thi trudng dd mgi quan he Qng xQ xa hgi it nhilu biln ddi mang mau sic eua gia tri van hda vat chat Diu ring sin sing Iam viee thien giup dd nhung benh nhan xung quanh, nhung ehi Th - PhQ Thg eung khong phii nhan nhung Igi ich vat chit mang Iai cho ehi tu nhung viec chi lam: "Vi du ngudi phong, em mgt ngudi eon ngudi la cac Gii su ong ve sinh, chi lung tung chi khong biet thay, thi lai nhd em giup, hoac thay ga Iin sau em vao thiy chi thi Iai nhd giup, rdi Iai eho 5, chuc 100, hoac noi thoi chi ching cd gi nen dai em bit phd Hoac cd nhung ong dua 20 nghin nhd di mua bao, rdi tiln thQa thi bao cho chi gdi xoi, cd ong nhd di mua an sang cung cho tien " Cung chfnh mdi quan he sinh tu qui trinh giao tiep moi trudng cong viec eua minh, chi Th va nhung ngudi cung Iam nghi nhu chi khong luc nao hit viec hinh thuc quang cao truyin mieng tQ phfa benh nhan va nhung gia dinh ed nhu ciu cin ngudi giup viec Day cung chfnh Ii Sd 322 Thang 4-2011 CO sd dl chj CO mgt mQc thu nhdp dn dinh dua tren mgt cong viec khdng dn dinh, ndi theo thuyet kinh te xa hgi hgc vl di cu lao dgng nong thon thi Su dieh ehuyln, di Iai va dung chan tai thi- noi quy tu nhung lgi i'ch kinh te' thuan lgi, mdi quan he egng ddng cua he thdng nhung ngudi di cu lao dgng tQ nong thdn thi dugc tao nen theo dudng dd thi vdng trdn mdi lien he di lai giua miln dit noi hg sinh va thi nai hg Iam viec, muu sinh; vi theo mgt chudi nhung mdi quan he cua ngudi de'n trudc va nhung ngudi tiep theo cua sgi day lien kei gia dinh, hg hang, lang xdm Day la eo sd tao nen mgt mang ludi xa hgi eua nhung ngudi CO cung mgt Igi feh kinh te, gdp phin da dang vao dien mao kinh te thi trudng noi thi Nhung bien ddi kinh te va ddi sdng sinh hoat tii qua trinh di cu lao dong Vdi each nhin tdng quan cua cac nha kinh te va xa hgi hgc thi hien tugng di dan lao dgng la qua trinh tat yeu m i ngudi nong dan khong "cd the yen tam d lai que rugng dat cang phan manh, lao dgng cang doi du, dai dai eing ft, sin phim lim khong du an "(13) Tuy nhien, nhin tQ khfa canh cua mdi ei nhan ngudi ddng chay chung cua qui trinh cong nghiep hda, m i cu the Ii trudng hgp nhung lao dgng giup viec cho gia dinh, thi su chenh lech ve gii tri lao dgng giua thu nhap d phd va nong thon li mgt nhung nhan td ca bin khien ngudi ndng dan khong may thiei tha man ma vdi cong viec rugng ddng va tim dudng thi tim viec lam: "Lam rugng bay gid chu yeu li thue Chi eo mua gat thinh thoing mdi vl gat vua rdi dinh eho mugn bdt rugng vi tdi ndi li me di lim xa, bd d nhi lam mgt minh vat va nen cho mugn bdt rugng di" (Hi Thi T - Phu Thg); "d que gid khong may ngudi cay rugng Hg thue hit Lang xung quanh ciy thue vi hg khong buon ban bao gid Me em cho ruong ngudi khae" (Nguyin Thi Th - Ha Nam) Cuoc sdng lao dgng rugng ddng vai va cue nhge mot ning hai suong cung phin nao giup hg khong phai lo den bQa com eua gia dinh hang ngay, song VAN HOA DUONG DAI ngudn kinh te'tir cung tu cap khong dip ung dugc nhu eiu cua ddi sdng xa hgi vdi eic khoan chi phf cho cong viec hgc hanh cua eon cii, dau dm, ma chay, hie'u hi, ll diy thing, thugng thg Vi vay, viec ngudi nong dan khong miy thiei tha vdi eong viec rugng ddng la mgt thuc te phd bien hien d nhilu ling que nudc ta Neu nhu trudc hinh anh trau di trudc cai cay theo sau la hinh anh tieu bieu vl su gin bd vdi euge sdng rugng ddng ciia ngudi nong dan Viet Nam thi ngiy nay, thdi budi kinh te thi trudng, ma nhilu ea hgi kinh te dugc md d khu vuc thi thi d mgt sd vQng, ngudi nong dan khong edn coi rugng ddng la ke sinh nhai nhit cua hg nQa Tfnh chat miia vu ciia hien tugng di dan tQ nong thon thinh phd dudng nhu trd nen md nhat hon Ngudi nong dan khong edn tranh thu nhung IQc nong nhin giua cac mua vu dl thinh phd kilm them thu nhap eho gia dinh, mi hg trd nen gin bd hon vdi nhung eong viee tim duge noi thi va eoi dd nhu li nhung co hgi de thoit ngheo NhQng dudng cay dim dang vdi euge sdng gin vdi lao dgng rugng ddng, mgt nhung hinh anh tao nen thudc gia tri ciia mgt thdi, ea nggi su chiu thuong chiu kho cua ngudi phu nu Viet Nam vdi nhung nang suit lao dgng cao va nhung vu mua bgi thu dem lai cuoc sdng sung tuc xua da ehi cdn la thdi xa ving vi khong cdn nhilu y nghia thdi dai Cuoc sdng thay ddi, quan niem vl gia tri sdng thay ddi, sir dim dang eua ngudi phu nu dugc gin nhilu hon vdi nhung gii tri kinh te hang tQ cong viec lim an buon bin: "Lang em phong trio ca lang khong cay rugng nen cac nai khae rat thi'ch vl ling em d lam dau lam rl, hg noi eon gai d lang em dim vi gai toan buon bin" (Nguyin Thi Th - Hi Nam) Su thoit ly vdi euge sdng rugng ddng dl tham gia vio cac hinh thQc lao dgng khic dugc eho la nhung eo hgi vi hip din khong it ngudi dan d cac vung que Viet Nam Ngay ea nghi giup viee eho gia dinh, mgt nghi duge eho la khong dS dang vi tuong ddi vit va nai thi eung dem lai cho hg khoin thu nhap hip din hon cong viee rugng ddng Viee di ddi va thay ddi hinh thQe lao dgng tu nong thdn thi da tao nen nhimg bien ddi khong nhd ddi sdng ngudi dan noi thdn que Nhtmg bie'n ddi dd khong chi thi hien d su phi vd cau true truyin thdng mang dien mao chung eua eie ling que Viet Nam vdi nhung hinh anh lau ddi tieu bilu nhu cay da, ben nudc, san dinh, luy tre ling, mii nha tranh ma cdn dugc phin inh ro net qua ddi sdng cua tQng ca nhan eon ngudi noi thon que Neu nhu euge sdng binh di vdi nhung ude mo eua ngudi ngudi nong dan xua la cin vdi cdng viee rugng ddng, tfch cdp tiln bae de "xay duge eii nha that to Khi ed kha tiln la hg xay nha, cd nhilu tiln hon hg vin thfeh xay nha, xay eho eon ldn rdi eon be, rdi eii san gach that rgng, giing nude that to " (14) thi ngiy nay, rdi bd que huong thi lam viee, hg vin mang minh nhung khit vgng muon ddi dd Hiu hit nhung ngudi giup viec cho gia dinh dlu thua nhan ring nhQng ddng tiln hg kiem dugc d phd dugc tiet kiem vi giup hg thay ddi eudc sdng bing viee xay dung nha cua va mua sim trang thiei bi gia dinh Nhung mai nha tranh dugc thay din bing nhi gach ngdi cao ting chfnh nhQng gigt md hoi va nhung ngiy lan Ign buon trai kiem an nai thi Vi cd thi thiy rd euge sdng cua nhung ngudi nong dan xua da bit nhip din vdi ddi sdng hien dai qua nhung bien ddi tQ euge sdng thudng ciia hg va nhung ngudi xung quanh: "Lang que gid thay ddi nhilu, trudc ei xdm ed 7-8 cai xe may Gid hiu nhu nhi nao cung cd xe may Nhilu nhi len nha hai ting Thay ddi bit diu each day khoing nam bit diu rg len vl nghi Nuoi eon an hgc, xe miy tai ca tfch cdp tQ day" (Hi Thi T- PhQ Thg) That khd cd the hinh dung ehi vdi eong viec cham sdc ngudi gia dm, giup viec cho gia dinh d thinh phd ma da Iam thay ddi euge sdng eua ngudi dan noi thon que Song neu nhu ling nghe nhung Iy giai eua hg, ehung ta se thay hg thuc su khong phai la nhung dau dc thu dgng vi ludi suy nghi nhu mgt sd nhan xet vl ban chat cua ngudi nong dan (15) m i cd nhung suy tfnh that thuc te: "Lam rugng chi du an chQ nhung viee nhu xay Sd 322 Thang 4-2011 VAN HOA NGHg T H I I A T TBOMC M|wy dip kien thiel thi phai di lam nhu thi mdi kil^m dugc Lam rudng nam mgt miia ban ta lua cung chi dugc trieu Mua thu hoach nhieu ta, de lai an mgt nira cdn lai bin thi cung chi dugc ban trieu du de mua phan dam, thue cay " (Ha Thi T - Phu Thg) Mgt cuoc sdng gia hon, dap ung dugc nhung nhu cau thiel ye'u gia dinh, dd la nhung lgi feh kinh te ma nhung lao dgng noi thon que co duge tQ qui trinh di eu tQ nong thon thi, ma cu the d day la trudng hgp nhung giup viee cho gia dinh, cham sdc ngudi gia, dm, va giup viec nha Di liln vdi nhimg bie'n ddi vl kinh te, lgi ich vat chat la nhiing bien ddi euge sdng sinh hoat va quan he gia dinh xa hgi Lan sdng kinh te thi trudng len ldi vao ddi sdng cua timg ngudi dan d ling que Viet Nam Dae biet d nhung lang cd sd lugng ngudi di eu lao dgng tuong ddi cao, vf du nhu mgt lang d Phu Thg (cu 10 ngudi thi 7-8 ngudi di lam nghi giup viec cho gia dinh, cham sdc ngudi gia, dm va giup viec nha ) thi mgi td chQc sinh boat ling xa truyin thdng bi phi vd ma sd ngudi d lang thudng xuyen chi edn "ngudi gia, tre nhd va nhung ngudi vi hoan canh khong the di dugc" Thay vi khung canh yen binh em dim nhung khdng kem phan soi ddng vao nhung hdi mua ciia lang que truyin thdng Viet Nam la khung canh tinh lang, am thim mang ndi nhd cua nhung ngudi xa me, vg xa chdng hoan canh ly huong phieu bat kilm an Chi Nguyin Thi V - Phu Thg ke lai budi diu phd lam viec vdi ndi ngam ngiii hai dQa cua chi (4 tudi va tudi) d que vdi ong ba ngi luc dau khde vi nhd me, nhung rdi den mgt ngiy chung quen dan vdi su thieu ving ciia chi nha nen mdi lin chi vl rdi di, chung chi gat diu ndi mgt cau: "Vang, me di dl kiem tiln nuoi con" Cung hoan canh tuong tu chi Ha Thi T tam su: "Ngay mdi di thi khd lim vi thing be cdn nhd, luc nao ciing khde, bd khoc, khde, vg khoc, chdng khde mat bao nhieu dem khong ngii rdi dan dan eung quen " Phai chang yeu td kinh te vdi kbit vgng vl mgt eudc sdng diy dii han da tao sQc Sd 322 Thang 4-2011 manh cho nhimg ngudi dan da noi thdn que vugt qua su thieu thdn tinh cam de buon trai kie'm an noi dd thi, hay la nhung ip luc cugc sdng vdi nhiing ddi hdi nhu ciu ciia ngudi mgt cao da budc hg phai quen dan vdi cude sd'ng lao ddng ly huang Va phai chang ma ngudi lao ddng tQ ndng thdn vuon minh thi de kiem sdng thi mgi quan he gia dinh, hg hing, lang xdm dlu bi chi phdi bdi qua trinh di ehuyln cua hg va li mdt nhimg yeu td tao nen su mai ban sic d ndng thdn nhu tung ed mdt sd nhan xet trudc day (16) nhin tQ gdc quan he cdng ddng ling xa vdi he quy chieu mang tfnh truyen thd'ng: cdng cu, cdng cam, cdng menh Tuy nhien, tQ gdc kinh tl xa hgi hien dai thi hien tugng di cu lao ddng lai nhen nhdm nhimg yeu td tfch cue ma ddi sd'ng ciia ngudi dan ndng thdn dugc cai thien, ngudi ndng dan cung cdng cam va cdng menh mdt dang thQc khic mang mau sic cua xa hgi cdng nghiep hien dai, dd la su lien kit ciia mdt bd phan nhung nhdm ngudi cd chung mdt lgi feh kinh te'ma dd mdi quan he hg hang, lang xa la nen tang co ban dan kit hg vdi nhau, tao mdt mang ludi xa hdi nai dd thi Di cu lao ddng ndng thdn thi la he qua cua qua trinh dd thi hda vi cdng nghiep hda Nhin tu goc quan ly chfnh sach thi nhimg lao ddng giup viec ndi rieng va ngudi lam nhung cdng viec ban rong, phu hd, khuan vac la nhiing lao ddng dugc liet vao phin kinh te phi chfnh thQc va dugc cho la "khdng the nhap eudc vao dugc thi trudng lao ddng chfnh thQc ma chu ylu la lao ddng tu vi hg trd nhimg ngudi ndng thdn khdng quan ly, thi cung khdng chap nhan "(17) Ngoai ra, mdt sd y kien khic cho ring: su thieu ving nhimg dam bao phip ly vl ehd d, quyin cdng dan, bao hiem dm dau, tudi gia da dat nhdm vio tinh trang gin nhu cd lap vdi xa hgi, bi gat sang ben le hoac chiu cam giie dQng ben ll xa hdi Hon nua su du nhap cua ludng di cu lao dgng tQ ndng thdn vao thi la mgt nhung nguyen nhan lam thay ddi vl cau true tam ly xa hdi su khae biet giQa ldi sdng gin kit vdi lang xa, gia dinh, VAN HOA DUONG DAI cdng ddng d ndng thdn vdi chilu hudng tu ca nhan, ft tfnh cdng ddng dang din trd chuin muc sdng nai dd thi Vi mdt eau hdi dat la, lieu nhung lao ddng den tQ ndng thdn nhung vi khach mdi, khach khdng mdi cd phai la nguyen nhan gay nen te nan ket xe, d nhilm, xi ke, ma tuy, tdi pham tang cao hay khdng Hay quan diem toi thdnh thi anh nhd que tic ddng nhu the nio din sir hinh thinh tam Iy ehung cua xa hgi (18) Cd thi ndi, nhung dinh kien tren da vd tinh tao khdng ft ap luc cho ngudi lao ddng tQ ndng thdn thi, dac biet vdi nhung ngudi lam nhiing cdng viec khdng chfnh thQc va dugc eho li ting ldp dudi eiia xa hgi dd thi thi hg phai ddi mat nhilu hon vdi khong it nhung dem pha di nghi Chi Ha Thi T - Phu Thg neu nhung suy nghi ciia minh: "Niu ma ndi vl nghe ciia minh thi nghe ciia minh la khd nhat va nhue nhat Phai di lau rua, hau cho ngudi ta dl kiem tiln Nhung ddi vdi minh la ngudi lao dgng cam thiy nghi la khd nhung vin cQ lam neu kiem dugc tien nhilu, edn so vdi ngudi ta thi dung la nghi thap kem, nhung khdng bao gid nghi se Iam nghi khic " Cung chung mdt cam giie nhu vay, ehi Nguyin Thi V - Phu Thg ndi: "Lam nghi nhilu cung bi ngudi ta ndi nang khd chiu lim: tudng lam gi chQ di lau rua cho ngudi ta mdi cd ddng tiln de nhu the"" Chap nhan va tu bing long vdi edng viec tuong Qng vdi gia tri ddng tiln kiem dugc, dd li cam giae ehung cua nhimg ngudi lao ddng giup viee cho gia dinh Nhimg mac cam ve than phan va nghi nghiep md dan di nhudng chd cho nilm vui vdi ude mo xay dugc ngdi nhi khang trang hon, ed them tiln nudi an hgc, cd khoan danh dum de ehi tieu, va cudi cung thi du Iam nhung edng viee khdng dugc trgng dung noi dd thi thi eung "dd vat va hon lim rugng ma tiln kie'm duge nhilu hon" Vi neu nhu ggi hg la nhimg phin lao ddng phi chfnh thQc, thi lieu hg cd hii Idng ban trd nhimg lao ddng lam viec eie co sd co td chuc vdi su gd bd vl thdi gian va han ehl hon vl tiln luong? "Em khdng thi'ch lam co quan vi chic gi chuyen di luong da eao ban Thu nhap kinh tl li quan trgng ban nhirng cai khic Lam cdng viec the nay, ngudi ng gidi thieu ngudi nen khdng bao gid hit viec" (Nguyin Thi Th - Nam Dinh) Cung tuong tu vdi nhung can nhie vl sir tu ve thdi gian va chu ddng cdng viec, qua tam su eiia chi Ha Thi T - Phu Thg, chung ta cd thi tha'y dudng nhu nhung ly thuyet vl kinh tl xa hgi chi li tuong ddi neu nhu nhin tQ gdc cau true tam ly ngudi: "Cd anh edn bao trdng dng cho khde ien rdi anh xin vao lam y ta d vien 198 Nhung tdi bao khdng di dugc vi tdi edn phu thudc vio gia dinh vi dilu kien ciia minh lien tuc ed viec neu lim dd thi Iam ma bd vl dugc chi cd nghi thi mdi vl duge Cdn lim d day thi luc nio cd viec la minh nhd ngudi khic trdng de vl que" Cd thi cd nhilu ban nQa nhung ly de nhin thay bat trie va han che' tQ nhiing phin di eu lao ddng tu thudc khu vue kinh te phi chinh thQc dudi gdc nhin tdng quan cua kinh te xa hdi hien dai Song mdt thuc te khdng the phu nhan la hg da ddng gdp khdng nhd vao dien mao chung cua su phit trien dd thi ma nhu cau vl ngudi giup viec cang cao, nhu eiu thg phu hd khuan vie phue vu eho xay dung ngiy cang nhilu, va nhung mong mud'n ciia cic ba ndi trg mua dugc rau qua tuoi tQ nhung ganh hang rong tien lgi ben via he tilt kiem hon so vdi hang mua sieu thi li mdt thyc tlhing ngiy ciia cugc sdng dd thi Hay ndi nhu mdt nha khoa hgc nghien cQu vl di dan thi nhung lao ddng tQ ndng thdn thi "khdng phai la mdl de dga cho mdt xa hdi dd thi Bdi chfnh lye lugng da lam nhilu viec ma ngudi phd khdng lam hoac khdng lam ndi, nhu nhung cdng viec lao ddng phd thdng dgn dep nha cua, bde vac, sua nha "(19) Doan ket ciia bai viet kit thuc vao nhung giap tet Nguyen Din, ma hiu het nhung ngudi lao ddng tQ ndng thdn thi da vl que sum hgp vdi gia dinh Dudng phd Ha Ngi trd nen ving lang ban, khdng edn dang ve nhdn nhip sdi ddng tat ta nguge xudi cua eae hoat ddng giao dich budn bin thudng ngiy Cam giac tan hudng sy tinh lang giua Idng (Xem tiep trang 44) So 322 Thang 4-2011 ... vi Qng xu cua ngudi lao dgng din sdng va lam viec noi thf Khong ehi la mdi quan he huylt thdng, quan he lang xom ling giing nhu d noi thon que mi mdi quan he giQa nhung ngudi lao dgng tu nong... dien mao kinh te thi trudng noi thi Nhung bien ddi kinh te va ddi sdng sinh hoat tii qua trinh di cu lao dong Vdi each nhin tdng quan cua cac nha kinh te va xa hgi hgc thi hien tugng di dan lao. .. ngudi cd chung mdt lgi feh kinh te'ma dd mdi quan he hg hang, lang xa la nen tang co ban dan kit hg vdi nhau, tao mdt mang ludi xa hdi nai dd thi Di cu lao ddng ndng thdn thi la he qua cua qua
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