NGHIEN CUU- TRAODOI Mpt s6 life can tir truyin thdng van hoa d§n viec xay dulig n§p sdng ton trpng phap luat hien ThS VU DINH ANH* P hap luat cd vai trb dac biet quan trpng, la cbng cu quin ly xa hbi ehu ye'u cUa Nha nube nham dieu chinh cac mdi quan he xa hbi, nhat la giai doan Men nay, chiing ta dang phan dau xay dung nha nubc phap quyin xa hbi chil ngMa d Viet Nam Cho nen, viec xay dung nep sd'ng tbn trpng phap Mat dupe dat nhu mbt tat ye'u khach quan Song, de dat dupe dieu khbng phai la don gian, bdi nd ed inh hudng tir nMiu yeu to, ma truyen thb'ng van hda la mpt nhiing ye'u td dd Trong pham vi bai viet nay, ehiing tbi chi tim hie'u mbt sdlirc can tir truyen thb'ng van hda den viec xay dung ne'p sb'ng tbn trpng phap Mat Nubc ta vbn di len tir mbt nen sin xuat nbng ngMep nhb, lai phii hen tuc trii qua cae cube dau tranh chb'ng giae ngoai xam Mbi ehe dp cam quyen deu cb cich eai tri, quan ly xa hdi rieng eua minh, nhung co bin xa hbi tiniyen thb'ng Viet Nam cd mbt ket cau ehung la: nha lang - nudc Trong dd, lang la nhihig don vi trung tam, tuang ddi on dinh, lang cd cac mdi quan he gia dinh - tbng tpc, ngoai lang cd mdi quan he hen lang, sieu lang, cbng ddng sieu lang ldn nhat la nubc Viet Nam\ Lang la noi diin eae boat dbng lao dpng sin xuat, cMen dau, sinh hoat van hba tinh thin eila nhan dan * Hge vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh khu vuc III 48 CMnh dae die'm, hoan einh lieh sir dd da hun diie nen cac gia tri truyen thdng van hda, cac pham chat tdt dep cUa ngubi Viet Nam nhu yeu nudc, thuong ngubi, tinh thin doan ket, y cM dpc lap tu cubng, ein eii, sang tao lao dpng san xuat Tuy nMen, eiing chinh nhirng dac diem neu tren lai tao cho van hba Viet Nam, eon ngubi Viet Nam nhiing Miiem khuyet nhu ti'nh tu do, tiiy tien, y thuc cue bd, dia phuong, chua ed y thiic va thdi quen tuan thil phap Mat Truyen thb'ng van hba cd mat tiong tat ca cac hnh vuc cila dbi sb'ng, ed anh hubng khbng nhb db'i vbi viec thuc tM phap luat Va thuc te b nube ta Men nay, ea phap Mat va van hda da va dang dieu chinh hanh vi cila eon ngubi eae linh vuc khae cua cube sb'ng mbt pham vi nhit dinh, van hda dang tae dbng de'n ngubi nMiu hon la phap Mat Bdi phan dbng ngubi Viet Nam chua quan tam nMeu de'n phap Mat va kM da biet quy dinh eua phap Mat tM hp van hanh dbng theo thdi quen, theo nhung Mnh ngMem van hda cua minh NMeu kM, nhimg hanh vi vi pham phap Mat vin diin nhumpt thach thiic dbi vdi muctieuxay dung xa GS Hd Van Td'n: Ldng, lien lang va sieu lang, http:// www khoalichsu edu vn/ lndex.php?option=com content&view=articie&id=85:langlien-lang-va-sieu-lang-my-suy-ngh-v-phngphap&catid=25:bai-vit<emid=33 NGHIEN c u u - TRAODOI Trong giai doan hien nay, mat trai cua ca che thi hbi edng bang, dan chu, van minh Luc can tir truyen thdng van hda de'n viec xay dung tiubng epng vdi quan Mem tirxua la lam quan ed quyen nep sdng tbn trpng phap Mat Men dup-e bieu Men nhan hdi lb nen da tac dpng tieu cue vao xa hpi, lam cho tinh trang tham nhiing trd nen "co xu hudng phdt cu the d mbt sb khfa canh nhu sau: Luc can tur truyen thong van hoa den y thiic trien ngdy cdng nghiem trgng han" Tir sdtien it tdi sd tien nhieu, tic tinh chat thap tdi tinh chat nghiem nhan vien cong quyen Trubc tien, ngum Viet xua rat hie'u hpe, nhung la trpng, "mdc ndi tren dudi, ngodi", tir cap thap tbi sir Meu hpe ed mue dich, dd la "hgc de ldm quan" Dubi ea mbt sdngubi giii trach nMem eao Cd nhiing vu an che dp phong Men, da phan "than dan" diu ngheo khd, he't sue nghiem trpng, dua xet xir lam eho nhan dan CO cue, dai bb phan quan lai thi giau ed, siing sdt, gay bat binh xa hbi Chang ban, nhieu quyen hanh Vi vay, de "dot ddi", de ed ehiic hai nam 2007 - 2008, tra Chinh phu va quyen, de hubng vinh hoa phu quy thi ehi cd chuyen tra cac bb, nganh, dia phuong da tie'n hanh 27.783 tam hpc hanh, "leu chdng di thi" mdi ed the dat dup-c cube tra kinh te, xa hbi va tra ehuyen dieu dd NhuGS Cao Xuan Hao da khang dinh: "Ngdy mdn Ket qua phat Men sai pham vdi tb'ng gia tri la xua, cha dng ta vdn khdng phdi vi hieu hgc md hgc Hg 12.720 ty ddng, 19.501 da't Men nghi thu hdi 8.963 viy chi ldm quan md hgc Hg khong cdn cdch ndo khde ty ddng, 16.643 dat Men nghi xuly ky Mat 5.244 dethodtkhoi cdi thdnphdn tiii nhue ciia ke ngheo hen"^ ngum, dd ed rat nhieu sai pham lien quan den Chinh tir tam ly hpc de lam quan ay da niy sinh tham nhiing Cu the, theo bao cao cua Vien Kie'm sat tam ly coi trpng bang cap va thi cu hon thuc hpc Vay Nhan dan tdi eao, tic 01 -10 - 2006 de'n 30 - nen, phan dbng hpe sinh Men mudn vao dai hpc de 2008, cac CO quan tdtung ca nube da khdi td 714 cd the dupc "ldm quan" ma khbng mubn hpc nghe vu vdi 1.568 bi can ve tbi tham nhiing^ de lam thp Mbt sd ngum lai san sang bd tien cua mbt khia canh khae, viee tuyen chpn, bdtri quan de mua bang, gay nen nan lam bang gia Mpt bd phan lai, chiie sac thm xua thi ye'u td than quen hay gia khbng nhb khae thi "hgc" ehi nham ed dupe tim bang dinh tri the Men kha rb lang, nhihig dbng hp ma khdng quan tam de'n viee tich liiy tri thiic, kinh ed ngubi lam quan hay ed the lire thi dbng hp dd lubn nghiem, ky nang,,., sau cd bang cap lai "tim cdch dupe cat nhae, ke nhiem bang sir than quen hay tien ldm quan" de mong dupc hubng vinh hoa phii quy bae Chang ban, van de xin xd, chay chpt giii Tang ldp quan lai phong Men xua khbng phai sb'ng quye't cbng viee eiing nhu bd tri nhan su thi da dupe bang luong ma ehu yeu la bang bdng ldc eua trieu dinh neu len nguyen tae tirxua: "nhdt thdn, nhi quen, va mpt bb phan lpi dung quyen lire de bach sach, ap tam thdn, tuthe " Tam ly "mgt ngudi ldm quan cd hg buc nhan dan nham nhan dd "bieu xen" Tat nhien, dugc nhd", mua quan ban tube dd vin cd sir ehi phdi khong phai tat ei quan lai deu nhuvay, nhung mpt bb khbng nhd giai doan Men Nhu PGS, TS phan khbng nhd da lam vay Cho nen dan gian da diie Nguyen Dang Dung nhan dinh: "Chuyen mua quan ket cau ca dao: "Con me bdo cdu ndy, I Cudp bdn tudc thdi xua nhieu dugc le ldng cho phep, mae dem Id giac cudp ngdy Id quan" Nha nubc phong Men du thdi Men dai khong dugc phdp ludt quy dinh, la nha nude cua vua, vua va vi vua Da't dai, tai song tren thuc te vdn xdy ra"^ Mac du xa hbi Men nguyen va mpi cua eai vat chat cua xa hpi deu thupe ve nha vua Vay nen vua, quan cd quyin thu thue, cd Cao Xuan Hao: Tie'ng Viet Van Viet, Ngudi Viet, Nxb Tre, quyen ap buc nhan dan Quan lai thay mat vua quan 2001, tr 307 ly, dieu hanh cbng viec d cae td'ng, huyen, xa, lang Trin Thanh: Tw tudng dang cap, quyen iwc, diu de dja vi, tdm lyhieu danh eua dao diic phong kie'n va inh hudng cua nd nen hp cd dac quyen, dae lpi d cac dia phuong dd Nhu cdn bd quin ly hien a nwdc ta In "Anh hUdng Tran Thanh da td'ng ke't ring, mdi lin quan lai chia eua dao dUe phong kien cdn bp lanh dao quan ly ciia Viet lai cdng diin, thu thue, xay dung cbng trinh edng cbng Nam hien nay", Nxb CTQG, H, 2001, tr 211 True Thanh: Chdng tham nhung - nhiing van de ddt ra, la mbt dip de hp lam giau bang tham b Hp lpi dung http://www cpv org vn/cpv/Modules/News/ chU truong bat phu, tuyen linh hay diing d cuang vi NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30503&cn_ld=352743 PGS, TS NguySn Dang Dung: Mpt xa hpi Idng xd Tap chi giai quyet tranh chap , de an hdi Ip^, Nghien eUu lap phdp, soil, 2003, tr 28 49 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI da thay db'i nhung nhirng thdi quen eii db van bam re Id hinh" va "hinh tiec Idphdp"^ Dieu dd eiing anh hubn each nghi, cich lam cHa rat nhieu ngum Va de'n quan Mem cua ngum Viet xua, vay nen hp coi nguy Mem ban la mbt sdngum mac nhien chap nhan phap Mat la Mnh phat eua nha nube de cai tri xa hpi sir tdn tai eua nhihig tieu cue dd, du vin bie't la vi Vi vay, nMeu bb Mat lich sir phong Men Viet pham phap Mat Nam eiing ehu ye'u theo ngMa iy, vi nhu Hinh thu, Tam thiie eua ngum Viet dii di dau, lam gi ciing Qudc trieu Mnh ludt, Le triiu Mnh luat Ve cabin, deu hubng ve que huong, bin quin, van lubn hudng ve eae bb Mat dd deu nham cilng cb'trat tirxa hdi phong dbng hp Mbt mue dich quan trpng eua sir dat la Men, ne'u vi pham phai bi trimg tri Tir dd tao thdi nhim lam ve vang cho dbng hp cua minh, de "vinh quy quen eho quan lai eoi phip Mat la cbng cu de cai tri bdi td' Nhiing dieu db ket hop vdi tinh tu tri eie dan ehiing Diiu dd vin ebn anh hudng giai doan lang, xa da niy sinh nhieu tinh each khbng phii hpp Men nay, dd la vin tdn tai tam ly ham danh, "tham vdi xa hpi dan chil Men Nhiing tlnh each dd den quyin, cdvi", tu cao tu dai, doe doin, chuyen quyen, vin Men hiiu d mbt bb phan khbng nhb nhan vien xem thubng dan chiing, dung quyen uy de "true lgi" Luc can tuf truyen thong van hoa den y thiic cbng quyen nhu tinh gia trudng, tbnti,de be phai, cue cong dan bb dia phuong, thdi hao danh, ham me bong lpe Phap Mat Men hanh ben eanh nhihig quy dinh ve Truyen thdng van hda chinh tri cua Viet Nam anh ngMa vu tM eiing rat tbntipngva bao ve quyen lpi cila hudng dam net cua Nho giao, eho nen quan lai, chirc sic ehU ye'u hanh xir theo ldi "due tri", "nhdn tri" Vicbng dan, cila ea nhan, Trong kM dd, xa hbi Viet vay, nen quan chu phong Men da "dqo due hoa chinh Nam truyen thb'ng thi ehu yeu de cap den ngMa vu va tri", di cao viee quan ly xa hpi bang each neu guong, bd'n phan eua eon ngum Con ngum phai lam trbn rat cam hba, lam cho dan chiing an tam va tic db tao nen nhieu bb'n phan theo cuong thubng dao ly la lam tdi, sir on dinh xa hbi Tuy nhien, dao diie b day ehinh la lam dan, lam con, lam vp, lam dau., Va cbn vd sd nhung mdi quan he rang bupc ngubitionggia dinh, "tam cuang, ngu thudng", la "tuthu, ngii kinh", la nhiing chuan muc phii hpp vdi quan Mem, lpi ich eua giai cap dd'i vdi hp hang, lang nube Trong kM dd, y thirc ve phong Men, nham cilng ed vuong quyen Dieu dd eiing quyen cbng dan, ve ngubi ea nhan khdng dup-e de cd nhiing anh hudngtichcue, song nd lai cd nhung mat cap tdi Vay nen din tdi hp khbng thay kha nang bao phien dien, ban che, bao thu va eu the nhat la xda ve minh tir phap Mat nen eiing khbng quan tam tdi nhba vai trb eua ca nhan, khbng tao thdi quen lam phap Mat theo phap Mat Vay nen eae nhan vien cbng quyen Mbt van de khae la dan ta phii sb'ng dudi ach Men thubng ehua lam diing chirc trach, bb'n phan ap biic cua ke thii ngoai bang xam lupe qua lau, nen theo quy dinh ma ed thii dp dua dam, i lai gap da hinh y thuc chb'ng db'i, phan khang ich eai nhihig van di khd khan thi thubng chuyen cap tren tri Ngubi dan sb'ng theo phong tuc, tap quan eua lang, giii quyet hoac dua tap the quyet dinh Hau qua la xa de chd'ng lai sir ddng hda, de bao tdn ban sac, ldi khbng cb ngubi chiu trich nMem trudc phap Mat theo sb'ng cUa ngubi Viet Hp hinh nen phong tuc, diing chirc trach, bb'n phan tap quan, lap nen huong ubc eua lang, cir the nd trd Ben canh tu tudng "due tri" ebn ed tu tubng "phdp nhihig quy tae ung xir eUa mpi ngubi lang, tri" Thuc te da cd nhiing vi vua dimg phap Mat de eai Tinh tirtri mbt each tuong ddi giiia eae lang va dpc lap tri dat nube, da ed nhiing cMnh sach tMet thue, thubng ci vdi trung uong la dieu ed that Nd diin khdng cM phat phan minh nham dua xa hbi van hanh theo khudn giai doan cd ke thii ngoai bang, ma ci thbi khd eua phep nube Tuy nMen, tu tubng "phdp tri" thbi binh Mdi lang la mdt "vuang qudc" nhd vdi Mat le phong Men thubng ed tinh chat phien dien, thubng rieng ma cac lang gpi la huong ubc Chire sac cua lang dupe su dung de eing ed dia vi va quyen lue cua giai ed hdi ddng M mue (a miin Bac vd mien Trung tien cap phong Men Chii "phdp" cum tir "phdp tri" chi vd ly chi dung ddu vd a cdc thon dp mien Nam sa chu yeu cd nghia la Mnh phat Trong cic van tu eo eua Du Vinh Can: Tong quan tutudng phdp luat Nho gia, bin Trung Hoa, "phdp"vdL '%m/i" dupc dimg thay the cho djeh ciia Vien Thdng tin khoa hgexa hpi - Hgc vien Chinh tri Theo sach "Thuyet vdn gidi tu" chep: "phdp tucQudc gia, 2002, tr 20 50 NGHIEN c u u - TRAODOI ndy ggi Id hgi ti huang cd dung ddu), hp de le lang, huong ubc; ben eanh dd ebn cd li dieh - nhihig ngubi thuc tM le lang, huong ubc, Lau din quen, tir dd hinh nen truyen thb'ng trpng le lang hon luat phap, tao nen tap tue "phep vua thua le ldng" Tutudng "phdp tri" truyen thb'ng coi phap Mat nhu la Mnh phat de cai tri xa hdi Vay nen din de'n ngubi dan khbng mubn hen quan, hen My tdi phap Mat Quan niem "nhdt ddo tung dinh", sp den noi phip dinh cua Trung Hoa eiing anh hudng de'n Viet Nam Tam ly Men tung se di gap hpa bdi quyen phan quyet diing sai la tay quan lai, nhihig ngubi ed quyen the, cd tien bac Vay nen "kien segqp hga" da trd loi ran dupc phdbien rbng rai, rang "quanphii nha mon lat dn ra, co Ij khong phiin miin keu ea'^ Ngubi dan van coi nha nudc la atien minh, ngubi dan phai phue timg nha nubc, va phap Mat la de thuc Men dieu dd Ngubi dan kM cd va cham, mau thuan tM thubng "dong ciia bdo nhau", "chin bo ldm muai", "dl hoa vi quy" de tu giii quye't tranh chap Dd la giiia nhirng ngubi dan vdi da vay, cbn kM ed mau thuan hay bi tMet hai ma lien quan de'n ngubi cd chuc sac tM danh "ngdm bo hdn ldm nggt" chu khbng dam Men quan lai, bdi quan lai la dai dien cho quyen luc d dia phuong Vay nen nhan dan da diic ket rang ngubi dan ma Men quan lai tM nhu "con kien md kien cu khoai" ma thbi Vay nen, giai doan Men nay, van cbn mbt bb phan dan ehiing khbng mud'n hen quan, hen My tdi phap Mat Ldi sb'ng trpng nghia tinh cd nhieu mat tdt, song lai eiing cd mat trai eila nd la khbng xem xet diing sai mpt cich rach rbi, phan minh ma de eao tinh cim din de'n xuly cae van de mbt each cim tinh, xem nhe eai ly, thieu tbn trpng eic nguyen tic, Cho nen dan gian cd cau: "mot bo cdi ly khong bdng mgt ty cdi tinh" Tir trpng tinh hon ly din de'n thdi tiiy tien, hay nhu GS Tran Qub'c Vupng chi "thdi vo ky ludt" vb'n la can tinhtie'unbng, Tir db ma ngum dan khbng thich dimg luat, vi eho rang Mat phap la he thb'ng nhihig nguyen tae Cling nhae, ehi thien ve ly, Va dd eiing la mbt ly khie'n ngubi dan xua de eao le hon Mat, bdi Mat chi thien ve ly, dd le la sir ket hpp ca nhiing nguyen tic ve ly va tinh eua timg lang xa da dupc mpi ngubi mac nhien chap nhan Nhu da phan tich b tren, nhieu dac diem van hda truyen thb'ng cua ngubi Viet tao nen thdi quen hoac khbng quan tam, hoac xem nhe, hoac trdn tranh phap Mat Thuc te'dd anh hubng khdng nhd den viec thue thi phip Mat giai doan Men nay, khie'n viec thue thi phap Mat trb nen phiic tap va ehua dat dup-e hieu qui nhu mong mubn, Dudi day la mbt vai so rat nhieu bieu Men vi pham phap Mat dang Men hiru nhan dan Chang ban, theo thb'ng ke eiia Cue Thi hanh an dan sir thi nhirng nam qua, mdi nam cd khoang 300,000 vu an dan sir tdn dpng, chie'm khoing gin 50% tdng sdvu viec (cu the: ndm 2006 cd 331.092 vu viec ton dgng, chiem 54,99%; ndm 2007 cd 311.443 vu viec ton dgng, chiem 48,04%; nam 2008 co 313.428 vu viec ton dgng vd ndm 2009 Id han 292.000 vu viec ton dgng)^ Nhuvay, cd nghia la gin mbt nua ban an dan sir dil dupc tuyen an va ed hieu lire phap Mat nhung nd van khbng xae lap dup-c sir cbng bang thue sir xa hbi NMeu ca nhan, to chuc dupe tba an xae dinh phan thang tranh chap dan sir, nhung sau nhiiu nam hp vin khbng dbi dupe quyen lpi hpp phap cua miMi sir bat lire eila eo quan thi hanh an, sir chb'ng db'i cua ngubi thua Men Dd la bieu Men rb nhat eho tha'y Mat phap de'n van ehua that sir dupc tbn trpng Hay nhu thdi tien, "vd ky ludt", thie'u y thiie dupe the Men rat rd "mgt bg phdn" khbng nhb ngubi dan thin nMen eoi noi cbng cbng la "thung rdc", du nhiiu ngubi vin bie't hanh vi cua minh bi Mat phap nghiem cam Diing hon, hp bie't nhung khbng so, bbi bao nhieu nam viit rac bira bai, hp dau da ed lin nao bi phat, nen tha'y tien thi lam Nhieu ngum ebn vien dan eau ndi luu truyen dan gian de bao ehiia eho hanh vi khbng can bie't, khbng can lam theo phip Mat cUa minh: "khdng biet Id khdng cd tgi" Mot so giai phap khae phue n h ^ g rao can hinh thiic nham xay dung nep song ton phap luat Trong giai doan toan eiu hba va hbi nhap kinh te qub'c tehien nay, ehiing ta khdng the hanh xir theo ldi "ddng cua bdo nhau", "mgt bo cdi ly khong bdng mgt ty cdi tinh" hay "phep vua thua le ldng" dupe niia, ma can phai tang cubng hon vai trb eila phap Mat mpi linh vue eua dm sb'ng Chiing ta phai nang eao Sdd tn 23 Ba Tuan - NguySn Thdi: "Lieu phdp" nao cho hdng chuc van an dan sU ton dgng?, http://phapluattp.vn/ 246055p 1015e1074/lieu-phap-nao-cho-hang-ehue-van-andan-su-ton.htm 51 NGHIEN CUU- TRAODOI hieu qua eila phip Mat mdi ed the lap nen trat tu, ky cuong xa hbi, de tao mbi trubng thuan lpi cho cbng cube ddi mdi cbng, dexay dung nha nube phap quyen xa hpi ehu nghia d Viet Nam, de dat mue tieu xay dung mbt xa hbi cbng bang, dan chu, van minh De lam duac diiu dd, ehiing ta khdng chi quan tam tdi phap Mat, ma cbn phai quan tam tdi ca van hda, bdi phip Mat va van hda da va dang dieu chinh hanh vi cila ngum mpi linh vue eua cube sbng Van hda se gdp phan quan trpng vao nhan thirc cua mpi ngubi viec thue hien hay can trd phap Mat, mat khae phap Mat gdp phan ngan ehan, day Mi eai xa'u, eii ie va khuyen kMch, nang eii tb't, eai tMen mbi ngubi, tiie la nubi dubng va phat trien van hda Ndi each khae, phap Mat tham gia dieu chinh quan he xa hdi bang nhirng quy pham, dieu khoin quy dinh cac hanh vi dupe phep va hanh vi bi cam doan, bang sir bat bude, cubng che tir ben ngoai Cbn van hda, dieu ehinh eie mdi quan he bang duluan xa hbi, bang sir nhan thirc, giae ngb va sir thdi thiie tir ben Day la sir bo sung va hb trp cho nham xay dung nep sd'ng tbn trpng phap Mat v i kMa eanh van hda, tM ciing diing vdi chil truong Dang ta da de ra, dd la giii gin va phat huy nhirng di sin van hda tb't dep cila dan tpc, tie'p thu nhiing tinh hoa van hda nhan loai Dexay dung nep sb'ng tbn tipng phip Mat d Viet Nam, ehiing ta phai thue Men "xdy" di ddi vdi "chdng" Chiing ta phii tiep thu va bo sung eae yeu td, gia tri van hda tie'n bb cua nhan loai ve van de nhu y thuc tbn trpng phap Mat, thdi quen sb'ng va lam viee theo Men phap, phap Mat; suphan minh, rach rbi giiia ly va tinh; tinh cdng khai, minh bach, y thuc va trach nMem cin cua dpi ngii cbng chiic nha nubc Chiing ta phii phit huy nhiing di sin van hba tb't dep cua dan tbe, sang tao nen nhiing gia tri van hda mdi Ben canh dd, phai phe phin va Men quyet loai bb nhiing thbi hu, tat xau, tap quan lae hau can trb de'n qui trinh xay dung nep sb'ng tdn trpng phap Mat Dd la tinh tu tiiytien,ldi iing xutheo Meu "phep vua thua le ldng", tu tudng cue bb, dia phuong, y thuc coi thubng phap Mat, thbi jr lai, tie phong lam viee tu do, vb ky Mat mpt khia eanh khic, nha nubc phai tie'n hanh mbt each ddng bb nhieu bien phap quan trpng nhim xay dung ne'p sb'ng tbn trpng phap Mat nhu sau: Mot Id, giiip eho nhan dan nhan thiic rb ve vai trb, y nghia cua phap Mat Tuc la phai xda bb thdi quen xem 52 nhe hoac chb'ng ddi phap Mat cua nhan dan de thay bang thdi quen ehu ddng tim Meu va lam theo phap Mat De lam dupc dieu nay, can thay db'i each nMn cua nhan dan ve phap Mat, tuc phai lam eho dan Meu rang, phap Mat la edng cu bio ve cdng ly, la cbng eu bao ve minh Phap Mat khbng loai trie mdt va khdng phan biet dd'i xu vdi bat ky dii la ngubi cd quyen ehue hay thubng dan Dirng trudc phip Mat tM mpi cbng dan deu cd quyen va ngMa vu ngang Luat phap can dat tdi tieu chi khach quan, cdng bang va nhan dao, nhu Chu tich Hd CM Minh Me sinh thbi da timg can dan: phap Mat khbng phai la de trimg tri eon ngubi, ma la cdng cu bao ve, thuc Men lpi ich cHa ngubi Hai hi, phai xay dung he thb'ng phap Mat cila Nha nubc hoan chinh, ddng bb, cbng bang va kha thi He thd'ng phap Mat db phai cd vai trb bao ve cac gia tri ehan chinh, bio ve cae quyen lpi ehinh dang cua ngubi, ddng thbi, tao dieu Men eho ngubi phat huy nhiing nang luc thuc tiin eiia minh, Mbt he thdng phap Mat hoan ehinh phai the Men diing dan y cM va nguyen vpng eua sd dbng, phu hpp vdi xu the van dbng, phat trien cua lieh su, dam bio tren thuc teeic quyen tMeng heng eua eon ngubi, tbn tipng cac gia tri xa hpi Cd nhu vay, mpi ngubi mdi tin tubng ma lam theo Mat phap KM da xay dung dupc he thd'ng phip Mat hoan chinh, can ed each thiic to ehiic dua Mat vao cube sb'ng De dua Mat vao cube sd'ng, trude tien phai tuyen tiuyen, bie'n, giao due phap Mat nhan dan KM phdbien Mat, chiing ta phai ehii y ca Mat cbng va Mat tu B'oi lau ehiing ta thubng ehii y de'n bien Mat cbng ma it ehii y de'n Mat tu Lau ta vin ngM, cir lam Mat la dan theo, thuc te khbng phai nhuvay Cho du da ed Mat nhung thuc te sir chap hanh phip Mat cua ngubi dan chua dup-e eai thien la bao, vay nen ehiing ta phai quan tam lam de dua phip Mat vao cube sb'ng, tao thdi quen va nep sb'ng tdn trpng phap Mat can bb, cbng chuc va mpi tang ldp nhan dan Ba Ta, ed bien phap phii hpp yeu eau eae nhan vien cbng quyen nghiem tiic thue thi theo phap Mat De lam dupc dieu nay, chiing ta vira phai bieu duong su tu dubng dao diie, vvra phai tao ap lire bupc cae nhan vien edng quyin phai tuan thu phap Mat thuc thi quyen lire Chang han nhuvin nan tham nhiing, thue tiin cho thiy, tham nhiing gan lien vdi quyen lire eila nha nube, song miic dp cua nd lai hoan toan phu thude vao sir quan tam phbng chb'ng cua timg ehinh phu NGHIEN CUU- TRAODOI Ne'u chinh phu nao quan tam phbng, chb'ng mdt each tich cue va triet de thi ban che dupc nd, ngupc lai tM te nan se phat trie'n khbn lubng Chiing ta ed the diing duluan xa hbi, thbng tin va truyen thdng de len an cac hien tupng tieu cue dbi sdng cdng quyen nhu nan mua quan ban tube, nan tham nhiing, nan phong bi, tinh cue bb dia phuong, thbi hach dich, cua quyen Mat khae, ta eiing phai hoan thien ca ehe giam sat quyen lire, dd cd ca che giam sat lan di tranh lam quyen, dae quyen, dae lpi De lam dupe nhiing dieu neu tren, dbi hdi sir tham gia vao cube eiia ci he thb'ng cMnh tri, eila cac cap, eae nganh, nhat la eie nganh tu phap, van hda, thbng tin, eae cap cMnh quyen Mbi cin bb, ding vien phai guong miu tien phong viee thuc Men phap Mat, viec tuyen truyen, bien phap Mat den quan chiing nhan dan Can tao mbi trubng van hda - xa hdi lanh manh tirmbi gia dinh, mbi cbng ddng dan cunham xay dung nep sb'ng tbn trpng phap Mat cho tat ca mpi ngubi, Cd nhuvay, ehiing ta mdi xay dung mdt xa hpi trat tu, ky cuong, van minh,tie'nbd vi ngubi va cho ngubi nhu mong mudn cua Dang va Nha nubc ta, MOT SO VAN DE VE SU DUNG NHAN LUC KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Tiep theo trang 35 tdi da tai nang cila nhan lire khoa hpc lam cdng tac nghien ciru trien khai Dieu dbi hdi phai gap nit bo sung hoan chinh cac di an ve chiic nang, nhiem vu, quyen ban cua cac sdkhoa hpc va edng nghe cho thich hpp vdi thbi ky day manh cbng nghiep hda Men dai hda Kien toan td ehire va nang eao trinh dp can bd quan ly, Nen hinh bp phan quan ly nha nudc ve khoa hpc, cdng nghe va mdi trubng cap huyen, thi xa, Ben eanh dd, can bb' sung va hoan thien quy che to chirc va boat dpng cHa hpi ddng khoa hpe va cdng nghe b cae tinh, timg nganh, huyen, thi xa thude cae tinh, Cung cd, tang cubng boat ddng ciia cac hbi khoa hpc va ky thuat chuyen nganh ciia eae tinh, phd, phat huy vai trb chinh tri - xa hbi cua hen hiep eae hpi khoa hpe va ky thuat viee bie'n va iing dung Men thuc khoa hpe - cbng nghb vao sin xuat va dm sd'ng, nghien cuu khoa hpc, trien khai cbng nghe va bao ve mdi trubng eiing nhutrong cbng tic tuvan, phan bien va giam dinh xa hbi ve khoa hpe va edng nghe eiing nhuphat trien kinh te'-xa hbi, Quan ly chat ehe edng tie giam dinh ke't qua boat dbng nghien cuu trien khai, de phit huy tinh sang tao eua dpi ngii nhan luc khoa hpc Tang cubng cbng tae Mem tra, tra khoa hpc, cdng nghe de bupc eic nha khoa hpc tham gia cac chuong trinh nghien cuu trie'n khai phai nang cao y thirc, trach nhiem db'i vdi nMem vu nghien cuu dup-c giao, de tren co sd dd khbng ngung nang cao trinh dp, nang lire ehuyen mdn, ddng thbi giiip eho co quan quan ly cd the sir dung mot each hieu qua dpi ngii can bd khoa hpc eua minh, De dao tao dupc mbt dpi ngii can bb khoa hpe - cdng nghe cd day dil nhiing tdchat cin tMet phue vu cho sir phat trie'n va sir dung Meu qui lire lupng nay, dbi hbi eie co quan quan ly khoa hpc - cbng nghe phii ed nhiing co che dao tao sir dung phii hpp, nhat la ca ehe dd phai thuc su quan tam den dbi sb'ng, thu nhap cua can bb khoa hpc - cbng nghe Ben eanh dd, nham giiip eho cac ea quan quan ly khoa hpe - cbng nghe cb the hinh nen nhihig eo ehe dai ngb phii hpp, Nha nubc can cb nhiing chinh sach dai ngb phu hop, nhat la ddi vdi nhihig chuyen gia diu dan, nhiing nha khoa hpc cd tai nang Can phan bo ngudn lire cdn ban hep de dau tumbt each tap trung eho nhirng edng trinh ngMen cuu thuc sir mang lai Meu qua Mnh te'-xa hpi, ed nhuthe mbi eb the tao mpt dpi ngii nhihig ngubi lam cbng tic khoa hpe cd nhiet huyet va tai nang thuc su Dau tu de phat trie'n dpi ngii can bb khoa hpc la yeu ciu tat yeu eua qua trinh phat trie'n Day la sir dau tu ed Meu qua nha't neu Met chpn diing mue tieu va phuong phip dau tu Taijleu tham khio: I.Uyban nhan dan tlnh ThUa Thien - Hue: De dn phdt trien nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao tlnh ThUa Thien - Hue de'n nam 2020 Uyban nhan ddn tinh Quing Nani: Chie'n lugc phdt trien khoa hgc vdcdng nghe de'n nam 201 Ova tam nhin den ndm 2020 Uy ban nhan dan thdnh phd Da Nang: Chien lugc phdt trien khoa hgc vd cdng nghe den nam 201 Ova tim nhin den nam 2020 SdKhoa hgc vd Cdng nghe phdDd Nang, Bdo eao sd27/BC - SKHCN ve ihue trang ddi ngu trithUe tren dia bdn thdnh phdDd Ning, Da Ndng, ngdy 12-03- 2008 53 ...NGHIEN c u u - TRAODOI Trong giai doan hien nay, mat trai cua ca che thi hbi edng bang, dan chu, van minh Luc can tir truyen thdng van hda de'n... bp lanh dao quan ly ciia Viet lai cdng diin, thu thue, xay dung cbng trinh edng cbng Nam hien nay" , Nxb CTQG, H, 2001, tr 211 True Thanh: Chdng tham nhung - nhiing van de ddt ra, la mbt dip... ehiing Diiu dd vin ebn anh hudng giai doan lang, xa da niy sinh nhieu tinh each khbng phii hpp Men nay, dd la vin tdn tai tam ly ham danh, "tham vdi xa hpi dan chil Men Nhiing tlnh each dd den quyin,