NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DOI NHAN THU'C NH&NG GIA TRj OAO BLTC CACH MANG CAN PHAI GlAO DUC DOI VOI GIAI CAP CONG N H A N G NU'OC TA HIEN NAY ThS DOAN CONG MAN* G iao due dao diie each mang dd'i vdi giai cap cdng nhan la ndi dung co ban, mdt bd phan quan trpng cdng tac ly Man cua Dang ta nham xay dung giai cap cdng nhan la lure Iupng lanh dao each mang, quye't dinh sungMep cdng ngMep hda Men dai hda (CNH, HDH) d nude ta Men Dao due la mdt Mnh thai y thuc xa hpi, bao gdm nhirng nguyen tac, chuan muc, dinh hudng gia tri dupe xa hpi thita nhan, cd tac dung cM phdi, dieu chinh hanh vi cua eon ngudi cac quan he xa hdi Y thiic dao due xay dung cho mdi ngudi nhirng quan mem diing ve cai tMen, cai ac, cai td't, cai xau, luong tam va trach nMem Dao due ndi chung va dao due each mang ndi rieng cd vai trd rat quan trpng ddi sd'ng xa hdi Chu tich Hd CM Minh da khang dinh: "Ldm cdch mang decditqoxdhdicuthdnhxdhdimdildmdtsunghieprdt ve vang, nhung nd cung Id mot nhiem vu rdt ndng ne, mot cudc ddu tranh rdt phiic tap, ldu ddi, gian kho Site cd manh mdi gdnh duac ndngdi duoc xa Ngudi cdch mang phdi cd dq,o due cdch mang ldm nen tdng, mdi hodn thdnh duac nhiem vu cdch mang ve vang"^ va "mudn xdy dung thdng hi CNXH thi nhdn ddn taphdi ndng cao tinh thdn ldm chii Moi ngudi phdi ldm trdn nhi^m vu ciia ngudi chii: cdn kiem xdy dung nudc nhd, xdy dung CNXH phdi cd ngudi thdm nhudn dao diic XHCW^ Dao due cua chiing ta la san pham cua tdn tai xa hpi, cua qua trinh lao dpng va dau tranh xay dung CNXH Nd dupe hinh thanh, eung ed va phat trien ciing vdi qua trinh each mang eiia nhan dan ta dudi anh sang cua chu ngMa Mac - Lemn va tutudng Hd CM Minh Dd la dao due mang ban chat cua gim cap cdng nhan - giM cap dang the Men va thuc Men ly tudng dao due cao ca qua trinh dau tranh tugiai phdng Cudc daii tranh dd nham muctieula xda bd bat binh dang xa hpi, xda bd dd'i khang giai cap, xda bd ap biic, bdc lot He tutudng, the gidi quan va dao due cua giai cap cdng nhan bie'u Men hoan chinh nha't cac ly tuong nhan dao cua dan tpc vacua nhan loai ' Hoc vien Chfnh trj - Hanh chi'nh khu vuc III Ho Chf Minh: Toan tap, t 9, Nxb CTQG, H, 1995, tr 283 Sdd, tr 414 29 NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DPI TirkM nudc ta chuye'n sang nen kinh te thi trudng da Mpt Id, ly tudng ddc lap dan tdc va chii nghia xa thiic day Mnh tephat trie'n, tao cac dieu Men vat chat hpi Y thiic dao due XHCN ma chiing ta xay dung dd'i gdp phan dap iing cac nhu cau lpi fch ciia giai cap cdng vdi nhan dan lao ddng ndi chung, cho giai cap cdng nhan, M'ch tMchti'nhti'chcue, nMet tinh, sang tao cua nhan ndi rieng la "ly tudng ddc lap ddn toe vd chd ngudi lao ddng hoat ddng san xua't tM ciing nghla xd hdi theo chii nghla Mdc - Lenin, tu tudng Ho sinh mdt sd mat tieu cue ma chung ta chua giai quye't Chi Minh; dudng ldi, chu trmmg, chinh sdch, phdp luat triet de Cd nhiing noi, nhiing Mc, mat trai ciia Mnh te'thi ciia Bdng vd Nhd nudc Id cdt ldi ciia y thiic dao diic trudng da va dang lam cho bp phan giai cap cdng nhan XHCN nhdm muc tieu tdt cd vi ngudi, vi hanh phuc vd tha hda ve tutudng dao diic, ldi sdng XHCN, chay theo lpi suphdt trien phong phii tudo, todn dien cHa ngudi fch vat chat tam thudng, tuyet dd'i hda lpi fch ca nhan, bat mdi quan he hdi hda giua cd nhdn vd cdng dong, chap lpi fch tap the va lpi fch xa hpi, cM biet sd'ng "vi giua xd hoi vd tu nhien"^ Day cM'nh la ndi dung mang minh" va quen di 'Vi mpi ngudi", ldi sdng hudng thu, vi ky, tfnh nguyen tac va dinh hudng ciia y thiic dao due cha dap len nhan pham, Man ly, dao due tdt dep cua dan XHCN dd'i vdi gim cap cdng nhan can phai giao due de tpc: "chdng nhitng phuang thUc phdt trien xd hoi lac hdu hp nhan thirc diing dan, day du va chi dao hoat gdy sukemphdt trim, md cd suphdt trien vat chdt, ky ddng thue tien phii hpp vdi muc tieu xay dung giai cap thuat, kinh tehien dqi cUng sdn sinh sukemphdt trien cdng nhan de'n nam 2020: "Xdy dung giai cdp cdng ve tinh thdn, tdm ly, drio duc"^ Tir thue te dd, Dai hdi nhdn ldn manh, cd giac ngd giai cdp vd bdn llnh chinh Cdng doan Viet Nam lan thur IX da cM rd, mdt bp phan tri vitng vdng; cdy thiec cdng ddn, yeu nudc, yeu CNXH, cdng nhan lao ddng, y thiie giac ngd gim cap, nhan thiie tieu bieu cho tinh hoa vdn hda cua ddn tdc"^ cMnh tri, nhan thiic ve Dang, ve giM cap cdng nhan, Ddi vdi giM cap cdng nhan, ly tudng ddc lap dan tpc Meu bie't ve phap Mat, cM'nh tri cdn rat han che, soft va chu nghia xa hdi gan vdi long yeu nudc the Men d cdng nhan vien chuc - lao ddng cd ldi sdng thue dung, ky tinh than va nang luc lao ddng san xua't Mdi Mat lao dpng va tac phong cdng ngMep cdn yeu Mat ngudi phai ludn ludn neu cao tinh than trach nhiem khac Men dmdt sd phan Mnh techua nhan trudc cdng viec, phai giir gin va bao ve nhiing thue diing vai trd cua cac gia tri dao due, tMeu su quan qua lao ddng eiia doanh nghiep, phai tham gia quan tam diing muc den viec giao due dao diie dd'i vdi ngudi ly chat che mpi tM san cua nha nudc, eua doanh ngMep, lao ddng, ddi kMtie'nhanh cdn xa rdi thue te, khdng gan tu giac chap hanh phap Mat, ky Mat lao dpng Ngudi vdi thuc tiin san xuat Ndi dung giao due cdn mang ti'nh lao ddng phai cd y thiic cdng Men tai nang, tri tue, sue Mnh thirc, tham cM cd noi cdn cd bieu Men hoat ddng lue cua minh de ddng gdp qua trinh CNH, HDH san xuat chi nham muc dich nha't la lpi nhuan, bd theo phuong cham "fch nudc lpi nha", timg budc tham qua nhirng gia tri dao diic va giao due dao diic, kM gia xda bd ngheo nan lac hau, nd luc phan dau thuc thuc te dat yeu cau cac chu the san xuat qua Men muc tieu "ddngidu, nude manh, xd hdi cdng bang, trinh san xua't phai g&n vdi gia tri dao due va phai giao ddn chu, vdn minh" Chinh vi vay, cac due dao due dd'i vdi ngudi lao ddng Dieu dd da tac ddng phan Mnh te'hien nay, ciing vdi viec nhan thue cac gia tieu cue, can trd phat trie'n san xua't va IMn tha hda "ban tri dao due phii hpp vdi thuc tien san xuat phai gan chat" ngudi lao dpng, bdi vi theo quan diem cua C.Mae, lien vdi giao due chinh tri tu tudng dd'i vdi giai cap dao diic chfnh la lire Iupng ban chat cita ngudi sir cdng nhan tren co sd tuyen truyen ehu nghia Mac phat trie'n ciia nd theo hudng cang dat tdi cac gia tri Lenin, tutudng dao diic Hd Chf Minh thdng qua viec dich thuc ciia cai tMen va "bdt ky moi quan he xd hai md cac ldp hpc tap nghi quye't, cac chii truong, chi'nh ndo, dm due cung Id moi quan he that sungudi"'^ Chinh vi vay, de dam bao vai trd ddng luc cita qua trinh san xua't Phuang phap luan ve vai trd eua van hda phit then, vat chat, gdp phan hoan tMen ban chat va sirmenh lich Nxb Khoa hgcxa hgi, H, 1993, tr 41 C.Mac - Ph.Angghen: Tuyen tap, t 5, Nxb Su That, tr 211su cua giai cap cdng nhan, van de cap tMet Men la 212 nhan thiic rd cac gia tri dao diie detienhanh giao due dao Ding Cgng sin VietNam: Van kien Hgi nghj lan thd Ban diie mdi XHCN ddi vdi giai cap cdng nhan vdi nhiing chuan Chap hanh Tmng uang khda Vlll, Nxb CTQG, H, 1998, tr 56 Van kien Hgi nghj lan thd Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng mue, nguyen tac chu yeu sau: khda X, Nxb CTQG H, 2008, tr 49 30 NGHIEN c u u - TRAO DOI sach, phap Mat cua Dang va Nha nudc bdi vi "dao diic ludn ludn gdn lien vdi lap trudng chinh tri, nguai thieu dao due, khdng luang thien, khdng the la ngudi cd tinh thdn yeu nudc, yeu CNXHduac"^ Hai Id,tinhthan "can Mem, Hem cM'nh, cM cdng vd tu" Van Men Hpi nghi lan thir Ban Chap hanh Trung uong khda VUI da xac dinh ndi dung ca ban can phai giao due: "Cdn, kiem,liem chinh, chi cdng, vd tu, khdng tham nhiing vd kien quyet ddu tranh chdng tham nhung, coy thuc to chikky luat, trungthuc, khdngcohdi"^ Can, kiem, Hem cM'nh la nhirng chuan mue dao due truyen thd'ng can phai dupe ke thita, van dung va phat trie'n phil hpp vdi yeu cau ciia edng cudc dd'i mdi, trd nhiing nguyen tae ca ban cua dao diie each mang ddi vdi giai cap cdng nhan Men Ndi dung chu ye'u eua nd la tich cue hpc tap, nang cao trinh dp tay nghe de lao ddng san xua't vdi tinh than sang tao, nang sua't, chat Iupng, Meu qua cao, biet quy trpng edng siic lao dpng va tm san ciia nha nude, cua doanh ngMep, khdng xa hoa, lang pM, biet sudung lao ddng, vat tu, tien vdn cua doanh ngMep mdt each cd Meu qua Chu tieh Ho CM Minh cho rang, can phai giao due ngudi lao ddng tham gia quan ly xi ngMep, tang gia san xuat gan Hen vdi thuc hanh tie't Mem de khdi phuc va phat trie'n Mnh te Thuc Men cM' cdng, vd tutrong lao ddng la lao ddng ngMem tuc, khaeh quan, cM'nh xac, dat lpi fch ciia doanh ngMep len tren lpi fch ca nhan, la dieu Men de dam bao lpi ich ea nhan ngiroi lao ddng Ngudi lao ddng dupe giao viec gi tM phai lam den noi, de'n chdn, khdng ngai khd khan Trong lao dpng phai thue Men diing dudng ldi, quan die'm cua Dang, cM'nh sach va phap Mat cua Nha nudc, ky Mat lao ddng cua doanh ngMep Thue Men can Mem, Hem cM'nh, cM edng, vd tu lao ddng la phai Men quyet chd'ng chii ngMa ca nhan, ldi sd'ng thue dung, chay theo lpi fch vat chat tam thudng, cMem doat tm san ciia cdng Hien nay, can phai Men quyet chdng benh ludi bieng, ndi khdng di ddi vdi lam, ndi nMeu lam it, suthd a lanh dam vdi cdng viec, benh lam ddi, lam au, chd'ng tham nhiing, lang pM lao ddng san xua't Chu tich Hd CM Minh cM rd, cM nhirng ke ludi bieng, y lai mdi dang xau ho, dang bi phe phan Ai spkhd, spkho, mudn ngdi mat an bat vmig, ngudi dd mdi la kem dao diic Mdi ngudi lao ddng phai la mdt cMen si lao ddng san xuat, phai "do md hdi, sdi nude mat" lam cua cai; phai "mdt nang hm suong"; khdng the lam an lot phdt ma lai mud'n cd luong cao, sung sudng, khdng ed chuyen "lam choi, an that" bdi vi 'lam choi" tM khdng cua cai ma "an that" Nhu vay, tinh than lao ddng "can Mem Hem cMnh, cM cdng vd ttf' chfnh la nhirng gia tri cua CNXH va cua gim cap cdng nhan, phii hpp vdi lpi ich cua nhan dan va la ddng lue de xay dung CNXH, phat trie'n san xua't, nang cao ddi sd'ng vat chat, van hda tinh than cua xa hdi va la liieu Men de hoan tMen nhan each cua giai cap cdng nhan Ba Id,tinhthan lao ddng tap the la nguyen tac cua dao diic mdi Chu ngMa tap the la sir thdng nha'ttirgiac giiia nhiing ca nhan ngudi lao ddng vi nhiing ly tuong eao quy cua ngudi lao dpng nham phuc vu, dam bao cho cac ca nhan phat huy he't nang lue va nham phuc vu cho lpi fch tap the, lpi fch xa hdi Nhu vay, tap the vira la muc dich, vura la phuong tien, vita la Mnh thue de cho cac ea nhan ngudi lao ddng phat trien Ndi each khac, chii ngMa tap the la nguyen tac, la co sd khoa hpc va la trung tam cua dao due mdi Chu ngMa tap the dupe bie'u Men thdng qua cac ndi dung sau: ddi hdi ngudi lao ddng doanh ngMep phai ddng thuan quan tam, giiip ddlln lao ddng san xua't Nd vira the Men ti'nh cpng ddng vura the Men ti'nh ngudi lao ddng san xua't Neu cM bie't cd minh, khdng quan tam den ngudi khac se trd ke fch ky, tam thudng Trong san xua't, trach nMem cua ca nhan ngudi lao dpng dd'i vdi tap the ddi hdi phai he't long vi tap the, vi doanh ngMep, phai coi dd nhu la ngdi nha cua minh, phai cd trach nMem cham lo xay dung doanh ngMep cang phat trie'n Dieu dupe quy dinh bdi nguyen tac dao due la lpi ich cua tap the va lpi fch chan cM'nh Nguyin Thj Blnh: Mdtsd van di cap bach ve dao dUcxa hdi, Bao Van nghe sd 25-4-2002, tr 14 Van kien Hdi nghj ian thd Ban Chap hanh Tmng uang khda Vlll, Nxb CTQG, H, 1997, tr 79 31 NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DPI ciia mdi ngudi lao ddng ve ca ban la nhat tri KM giai quye't mpi van de cd lien quan de'n lpi fch tap the va ca nhan, tM nguyen tac dao diie mdi ddi hdi mdi ngudi phai ludn dat lpi fch tap the len tren lpi fch ca nhan, ddng thdi tap the phai cd trach nMem cham lo tao dieu Men cho ca nhan nguoi lao ddng dupe phat trien tm nang, tri tue, dao due lao ddng san xuat Chu ngMa tap the ddi hdi phai Men quye't chdng chu ngMa ca nhan Vi chu nghia ca nhan la bie'u Men ciia thdi ich ky vu lpi, an bam, Meu danh, khdng Met hy sinh vi lpi fch ngudi khac Nguyen tac dao due cua ehu ngMa tap the la minh vi mpi ngudi va mpi ngudi vi minh, quan he giiia ngudi vdi ngudi lao ddng nham muc tieu phat trie'n san xua't va phat trie'n tu do, toan dien ngudi trung thuc, tri thirc, tri tue, tinh cam, chan thuc va y thirc trach nMem eua ngudi lao ddng trudc edng viec Tinh nguyen t^c va ti'nh ky Mat ed y nghia la hanh vi, hanh ddng lao ddng san xua't phai phii hpp vdi tu tuong va luong tam cua ngudi lao ddng Hanh vi lao dpng cd y nghia nguyen tac la hanh vi phii hpp vdi tu tudng co ban, tu tudng chi dao, hoae quy tac chu yeu ciia lao ddng Tfnh nguyen tac va tfnh ky Mat ma dao diic de cap den la hoat ddng lao ddng cua ngudi lao dpng phai phil hpp va tuan theo le phai, theo dao ly va chan ly, ngMa la lao dpng phai dam bao dupe tfnh khach quan, cM'nh xac, trung thue qua trinh su dung cdng cu lao dpng, eac thiet bi ky thuat cdng nghe va thdi gian lao ddng la eo sd va dpng luc de giiip ngudi lao ddng Bdn Id, tinh than lao ddng tu giac, sang tao la cdi vuon tdi nhirng gia tri dao diic cang cao qua ngudn cua dao due mdi Lao ddng "Id luc luang bdn chdt trinh san xuat Dd la mpt qua trinh hpc tap, ren luyen cua ngudi" Lao dpng la dieu Men va ndi dung caban va da'u tranh lao dpng de bao ve nhirng gia tri cua viec Mnh dao due mdi dupe the Men d tinh tfch cue, tien bp quan he lao ddng Dac biet, ddi than trach nMem, le phai, tinh thuong, long trung thue, vdi ngudi lao ddng cac phan kinh te'hien ti'nh vi tha va la thude gia tri va pham chat ciia nay, can phai quan triet ky Mat lao ddng Chu tieh Hd ngudi, la yeu td Mnh nhan each cua ngudi lao Chi Minh da day, bien phap dau tien la ky Mat lao dpng Lao dpng tu giac va sang tao vdi ndi dung: ti'nh dpng phai nghiem Ky Mat lao dpng bao gdm tfnh tu quyet doan, tur chu, tur chiu trach nMem, phat huy sang giac eua ngudi lao ddng dua tren tinh than lam chu di ddi vdi viec thue hanh ngMem minh phap Mat cua Men, caitienky thuat, hpp ly hda san xua't, iing dung tri Nha nudc va ciing cM'nh la muc tieu xay dung giai cap thuc khoa hpc, tri thiic cdng nghe va tri thuc ky thuat cdng nhan eua Dang ta: "Ndng cao han ve hieu biit qua trinh san xua't CM'nh qua trinh lao phdp luat, tdcphong cdng nghiep vd ky luat lao ddng"^^ dpng tu giac, sang tao, ngudi lao ddng tur hoan tMen Cd the khang dinh, dd la nhirng gia tri dao diie each minh, tunang minh len ve cac mat, tir tri tue, tinh cam mang co ban can phai giao due dd'i vdi gim cap cdng va nhan each Tuy nMen, su phat trien eua giai cap cdng nhan Men cac phan Mnh te De tie'n nhan ehua dap iing dupe yeu cau ve trinh dp hpc van, hmih giao due mdt each cd Meu qua, can phai tien hanh chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe ngMep eua sir ngMep CNH, nhirng giai phap ddng bp nhu Dang va Nha nudctie'ptuc HDH va hdi nhap Mnh te qud'c te, tMeu ngMem trpng xay dung va hoan tMen cac ca che, chinh sach, phap Mat cac chuyen gia ky thuat, cdng nhan lanh nghe, tac phong cac phan Mnh te; ke't hpp giiia khuye'n kM'ch cdng ngMep va ky Mat lao dpng cdn nMeu han che da lpi fch vat chat vdi giao due dao diie dd'i vdi giai cap cdng anh hudng de'n qua trinh san xua't CM'nh vi vay Dang nhan; vm trd cua chu the lanh dao, quan ly cac ta xac dinh mue tieu xay dung giai cap cdng nhan den phan Mnh te viec nhan thue cac gia tri dao due va nam 2020 la: "Xdy dung giai cdp cdng nhdn ldn manh, giao due dao due dd'i vdi ngudi lao ddng va dac biet la phdt trien nhanh vesd luang, ndng cao chdt lurmg; ngdy cM'nh qua trinh lao ddng san xua't la dieu Men ca cdng duoc tri thiec hda: cd trinh hoc vdn, chuyen mdn,ban de ngudi lao ddng ren luyen, Mnh va thuc ky ndng nghe nghiep cao, cd khd nang tiep can vd ldm Men cac gia tri dao diie gdp phan thiic day san xuat chu khoa hoc - cdng nghe tien tien, Men dqi dieu phat trien va hoan tMen nh&i each ngudi lao dpng kien phdt trien kinh te tri thiic"^ de dap ling qua trinh qua trinh CNH, HDH da't nudc san xua't dieu Men CNH, HDH Ndm la, tinh nguyen tac va tfnh ky Mat lao Van kien Hdi nghi lan thd Ban Chap hanh Trung uang ddng Ti'nh nguyen tac va tfnh ky Mat lao dpng khda X, Nxb CTQG, H, 2008, tr 50 la tdng hpp nhiing due tfnh cao quy cua ngudi lao ddng: 10 Sdd, tn 51 32 ... cap cdng nhan Men Ndi dung chu ye'u eua nd la tich cue hpc tap, nang cao trinh dp tay nghe de lao ddng san xua't vdi tinh than sang tao, nang sua't, chat Iupng, Meu qua cao, biet quy trpng edng... fch tap the, lpi fch xa hdi Nhu vay, tap the vira la muc dich, vura la phuong tien, vita la Mnh thue de cho cac ea nhan ngudi lao ddng phat trien Ndi each khac, chii ngMa tap the la nguyen tac,... tri KM giai quye't mpi van de cd lien quan de'n lpi fch tap the va ca nhan, tM nguyen tac dao diie mdi ddi hdi mdi ngudi phai ludn dat lpi fch tap the len tren lpi fch ca nhan, ddng thdi tap the