Chính sách lấy gia đình làm trung tâm trong việc phụng dưỡng, chăm sóc người cao tuổi

Nghien ciiu Gia d i n h va G i i So - 0 Chinh sach lay gia dinh lam trung tam viec phung duong, cham soc nguoi cao tuoi Le Ngoc Van Vien Gia dinh va Gidi Tom tat: Dua tren ke't qua dieu tra xa hoi hoc nam 2008-2009 ciia de tai cap Bg: "Mot sd van de cd ban chinh sach xa hoi do'i vdi ngUdi cao tuoi" ciia Vien Gia dinh va Gidi tai tinh, pho': Ha Nam, Ha Tay cii, Hai Phdng thuoc khu vUc dong bang Bac bo, bai viet de cap de'n nhtJng thuan Idi va kho khan ciia ngUdi cao tuci va gia dinh viec thUc hien quy dinh cua phap luat ve cham sdc ngUdi cao tuoi Chinh sach lay gia dinh lam trung tam viec phung dUdng, cham soc ngUdi cao tuoi dang dUdc Nha nUdc phat huy c6 hieu qua, dUdc nhieu ngUdi cao tuoi iing hg, ddng thdi giup Nha nUde giam ap lUc ve chi phi dieu kien ngan sach quoc gia cdn eo hep Tuy nhien trdng bdi canh chuyen doi ciia nen kinh te va cua cau true gia dinh, nhiJng ganh nang kinh te, khac biet the he ve tam ly, 16'i song, sU giam sut vai trd truyen thong ciia gia dinh, sU tang nhanh ty le ngUdi cao tuoi dan so' cho tha'y nhu cau can thie't phai tang cUdng vai trd ciia Nha nUdc, cgng dong, cac to chile xa hoi viee cham soc ngUdi cao tuoi Tif khoa: NgUdi cao tudi; Cham soc ngUdi cao tudi; Gia dinh va ngUdi cao tudi; Chinh sach vdi ngUdi cad tudi Gidi thieu Tir nuac ta budc vao thoi ky doi m6i, bat dau tir thap nien 1990, nhtrng tien bg kinh te xa hoi, tien bg y hgc va nhtrng cong Nghien ciiru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 5, tr 3-15 chuong trinh dan so ke hoach hoa gia dinh da lam tang tuoi thg va giam miic sinh va dSn t6i su gia tang lien tuc so ngu6i cao tuoi Mo hinh xa hoi cong nghiep theo co che thj truong cung dang tac dong lam thay doi cau true gia dinh, gia tri, chuan muc cua gia dinh truyen thong trudc day, von la moi trudng song ly tuong cua ngucri cao tudi Trong tuong lai co the mgt nira ngucri cao tuoi Viet Nam se khong song cung chau gia dinh mo rgng nhieu the he Dieu cung co nghia ngucri cao tudi se gap nhi6u kho khan hon viec tu nuoi sdng ban than va tu cham sdc su:c khoe cho minh Trong cac van ban chinh sach phap luat ciia nha nude ve ngudi cao tudi va CO lien quan de'n ngudi cao tudi, gia dinh luon ludn dugc quy dinh la don vi CO trach nhiem chu ye'u viec phung dudng, cham sdc ngudi cao tudi Chang han, Dieu Phap lenh ngudi cao tudi (2000) quy dinh: "Viec phung dudng ngudi cao tudi la trach nhiem chii ye'u ciia gia dinh cd ngudi cao tudi Ngudi cao tudi cd don, khong noi nuong tua, khdng cd ngudn thu nhap dugc nha nude va xa hdi gitip dd" Khoan 4, Dieu Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh (2000) quy dinh: "Con cd nghia vu kinh trgng, cham sdc, nudi dudng cha me; chau co nghia vu kinh trgng, cham sdc, phung dudng dng ba; cac vien gia dinh cd nghia via quan tam, cham sdc, giiip dd iSn nhau" Ngi dung phung dudng, cham sdc va ngudi cd trach nhiem phung dudng, cham sdc ngudi cao tudi cung da dugc quy dinh cu the cac van ban phap luat: "Phung dudng ngudi cao tudi la chu cap ve kinh t6', cham sdc, ddng vien tinh than, tdn trgng nguyen vgng chinh dang nham bao dam nhu cau ca ban cua ngudi cao tudi ve an, mac, d, di lai, siic khoe, hgc tap, van hoa, thdng tin va giao tie'p " (Khoan 1, Dieu Phap lenh ngudi cao tudi) "Ngudi cd nghia vu phung dudng ngudi cao tudi la vg hoac chdng, chau rudt" (Khoan 2, Di6u Phap lenh ngudi cao tudi) "Ngudi cd nghia vu phung dudng ngudi cao tudi la vg hoac chdng, de, nudi hgp phap, dau, re, chau rudt cua ngudi cao tudi (chau rudt ciia dng, ba ngi, ngoai)" (Khoan 1, Dieu Nghi dinh cua chfnh phii (2002) quy dinh va hudng din thi hanh mdt sd dieu ciia Phap lenh ngudi cao tudi) "Con da nien khdng sdng chung vdi cha me cd nghia vti ca'p dudng cho cha me khdng cd kha nang lao dgng va khdng cd tai san de tu nudi minh" (Di6u 57 Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh) "Chau da nien khdng sdng chung vdi dng ba ngi, dng ba ngoai cd nghia vu cap dudng cho Le Nggc Van dng ba ngi, dng ba ngoai trudng hgp dng ba khdng cd kha nang lao ddng, khdng cd tai san de tu nudi sdng minh va khdng cd ngudi khac cap dudng" (Khoan 2, Dieu 59 Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh) Van de dat la cac chinh sach dang dugc thuc hien nhu the nao va thuc te'viec cham sdc ngudi tudi dang gap nhtrng thuan Igi va khd khan gi, xet tir phia gia dinh, ngudi cao tudi cung nhu tir phia xa hdi NhiJmg thuan Idi ciia chinh sach lay gia dinh lam trung tam viec phung dudng, cham soc ngudi cao tuoi Do'i vdi gia dinh Thuan Igi co ban cua chfnh sach la tie'p tuc truyen thdng ciia gia dinh Viet Nam viec phung dudng, cham sdc ngudi cao tudi; thd hien dao hie'u cua chau dd'i vdi cha me, dng ba, dd la su kinh trgng va Idng bi&'t cm sau nang cua chau dd'i vdi cdng lao sinh va nudi dudng ciia cha me, dng ba Ben canh dd, the hien tinh cam yeu thuong giCa nhtrng ngudi cd chung huyet thd'ng; the hien quy luat khep kin tu nhien ve nguyen ly cham sdc cua xa hdi ndng nghiep truyen thd'ng la "tre cay cha gia cay con" Chfnh sach la'y gia dinh lam trung tam viec cham sdc, phung dudng ngudi cao tudi nhan dugc su ung hg cao cua ngudi cao tudi va khdng cd su khac biet nhieu giiia cac nhdm tudi, gidi tfnh, khu vuc sinh sdng va trinh dd hgc va'n cua ngudi cao tudi: 85,0% sd ngudi cao tudi dugc hdi y kie'n cho rang gia dinh chiu trach nhiem chu ye'u viec phung dudng, cham sdc ngudi cao tudi, 13,8% cho rang gia dinh chi chiu trach nhiem mdt phan va 1,3% cho rang gia dinh khdng phai chiu trach nhiem chu ye'u viec cham sdc, phung dudng ngudi cao tudi (xem bang 1) Bang ^ kien ciia nguoi cao tudi ve trach nhiem cua gia dinh viec phung duong, cham soc ngucri cao tudi ^ kie'n Gia dinh chiu trach nhiem chii yfi'u Gia dinh chiu trach nhiem mot phSn Gia dinh IdiOng phai chiu trach nhifim Tdng sd So nguoi tra loi 339 55 399 Ty le % 85,0 13,8 1,3 100,0 Nghien cu\i Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 5, tr 3-15 Trong cac cudc phdng van sau, nhieu ngudi cao tudi da cat nghia vi gia dinh, cai phai cd trach nhiem chu ye'u viec cham sdc, phung dudng ngudi cao tudi va su can thie't phai cd quy dinh cua phap luat ve trach nhiem nay: "Thuc te ma noi, cham soc phung dudng ngudi gia la trach nhiem cua gia dinh vi bd me de con, nuoi trudng thi l