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TAP CHi NGHIEN CU^ PHAT TRIEN SO 10 (4/2014) flOl SONG NGUGfl DAN SAU TAI DjNH CU, THUC TRANG VA K I E N NGHI CAC CHINH SACH H TRO TS TRAN VAN THAN CN TRAN VANPHlfONG** VA CQNG SI/ /"T'y^rong nhimg nam qua qud trinh thi hda a Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh diin rdt ^ i nhanh Nhdm bdo ddm suphdt triin dd thi thdnh phd da triin khai thuc hiin quy ^ ^ hogch diphdt triin thi tudn thii quy hogch vd cd chdt lucmg thiet ke kiin true cdng trinh tot han, tgo co so phdp ly cho cdng tdc qudn ly ddu tu xdy dung vd cdi tgo phdt trien ddng bp Di phyc vu cdng tdc quy hogch phdt trien kinh ti - xd hdi vd phuc vu cho phdt trien dd thi da cd hdng ngdn hd ddn d cdc qudn, huyen cita Thdnh phd chiu dnh hudng bdi cdc d^c dn Bdi viet phdn tich dinh luong dua tren cudc khdo sdt duac tiin hdnh th\tc hien vdo thdng 11 ndm 2013 tgi qudn, huyen, vdi 498 hd mdu (trong 4.962 hd ddn cd ddt bi thu hdi tgi 11 qudn/ huyen cua 104 du dn) da duac bdi thuang theo Quyit dinh 35/2010/QD-UBND ngdy 28/5/2010 ciia Uy ban nhdn ddn Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh tic ndm 2010 den Khdo sdt ddnh gid thuc trgng ddi sdng ngudi ddn tren linh vuc chinh • viec lam, thu nhgp, nhd a, gido due - dgy nghi vd mdi trudng sdng Ddy la nhimg vdn de ca bdn de cdc cdp co thdm quyen cd co sd thuc tien trien khai thuc hien cdc chinh sdch den bii hpp ly vd chinh sdch hd trp hieu qud nhdm gdp phdn di ngudi ddn sau bi thu hdi ddt sdm dn dinh cudc sdng Tu- khoa: Tai dinh cu, chinh sach tai dinh cu, chinh sdch an sinh xa hpi Thyc trang dM song ngirdi dan sau tai dinh ctr qua ket qua khao sat nam tudi lao ddng nhung benh tat nen khdng dam bao siic khde de lam viec, nhiing ngudi lao dgng tu thudng xuyen di chuyen chd d nen ehua tim dugc viec lam mdi vd nhiing ngudi mat viec chua tim dugc viec lam mdi /./ Viec Idm cua hp dan Theo ket qua khdo sat, cd 1.923 ngudi tir 15 tuoi trd len, sd ngudi cd viec 1dm Id 1.089 ngudi, chilm ty le 56,6% va sd ngudi khdng cd viec lam la 834 ngudi, chilm 43,4% Trong mdi hg gia dinh, sd ngudi cd viec lam la ngudi chiem ty le cao nhdt vdi 39,6%, nhung ciing cd nhiing hd gia dinh khdng cd ngudi di lam, chilm ty le 5,6% Trudng hgp ndy chii ylu thudc ddi tugng Co cau lao ddng chia theo khu vyc kinh tl gdm dich vu la 62,5%, cdng nghiep vd xay dyng Id 21,2%, ndng - lam - thiiy san chilm 14,1% vd nghi khac chilm 2,1% Theo loai hinh kinh tl cd 35,9% lao ddng ty do, 23% lao ddng khu vyc tu nhdn, 21,4% lam viec khu vyc nha nude, 12,4% hd kinh doanh cd thi, 6,9% 1dm viec khu vyc dau tu nudc ngoai va 0,4% lao dgng lam viec tai CO sd tap the Ph6 Vien truang, Vien Nghien cuu phat triSn T h ^ h p h H Chi Minh • Ph6 ph6ng NghiSn ciiu Van hoa Xa hoi - Vi6n Nghien cuu ph^t triln Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh 60 VAN HOA-XA HOI Chia theo trinh dp hgc vdn thi ty le lao ddng cd trinh dp tilu hpc la 18,2%, trung hpc CO sd la 26,3%, trung hpc phd thdng 29,3%, trung cdp nghi , % , trung cdp chuyen nghiep 2,4%, cao ddng 2,0%, dai hoc 15,9% vd cdn 1,9% lao dgng chua qua ddo tao Trong tdng so ngudi dan tdi dinh cu cd viec 1dm, chi cd 23,7% dugc ddo tao nghe Nhu vdy cdn cd tdi 76,3% sd ngudi dang 1dm viec chua dugc ddo tao dl dat mdt trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thudt nao Dilu cho thdy chat lugng viec lam cua nhiing hd ddn tai dinh cu cdn thap Lao ddng vdi chat lugng thap ciing ddng nghTa vdi viec 1dm khdng dn dinh, thu nhap thdp, khdng dap ling dugc xu the mdi, sit dung cong nghe hien dai ciia xd hdi vd ddc biet la ddi tugng ndy rat de bi tdn thuang cd su thay ddi ndo dd ve v i | c lam chiem 64,5%; cd 12,6% hai long vd 23,1% khdng hdi long 1.2 Thu nhgp cua hp ddn Trong tdng sd lao ddng dang 1dm viec, cd 9,7% thay ddi cdng viec so vdi trudc di ddi chd d Ly chinh ma hg phdi thay ddi cdng viec so vdi trudc di ddi la khdng cd dieu kien san xuat kinh doanh, nhiing hd trudc d gan chg hodc nhd d mat dudng Idn, rdt ti?n lgi cho viec kinh doanh budn ban Sau di ddi, hg chuy6n ve sdng d nhiing khu vuc khdng cd dieu kiSn kinh doanh, hoac nhiing lao ddng trudc lam ndng nghiep nhung qud trinh gidi tda, mat ddt canh tdc nSn phai chuyin ddi cdng viec tir khu vyc ndng nghidp sang khu vyc dich vu Ket qud khdo sat cho thdy so vdi trudc di ddi d thdi diem khao sat thu nhap binh qudn mdt thang cua hd cd sy thay ddi khdng nhieu Khi danh gia v l thu nhap ciia hd dan trudc va sau di ddi, kit qua cho thdy: 57% cho rdng thu nhdp khdng tang len, 29% ddnh gia giam sut va 14% cai thien hon Phdn Idn cac y kiln cho rdng thu nhdp tang len la nhan tien den bii phii hgp nen cd khodn thu nhdp Idn de trang trai cudc sdng Trong bdi canh gid ca sinh hoat tang dan ciing vdi cdc chi phi phdt sinh di ddi thi miic thu nhdp cua ngudi ddn bdt budc phdi tang len dl dam bdo dieu kien sdng dn dinh Tuy nhien, phdn Idn thu nhap ciia ngudi ddn sau tai dinh cu khdng tang len so vdi thdi dilm trudc di ddi chilm ty le 57% Ddy la kit qua dang luu y bdi thu nhap ciia ngudi dan tai dinh cu cd chilu hudng giii nguyen, tham chi gidm xudng thi kha ndng thich ling vdi biln ddng chd d, bien ddng mdi trudng sdng se gap nhieu trd ngai Dac biet, phdn Idn ngudi dan tai dinh cu cd trinh dp hpc vdn khdng cao, trinh dp tay nghe chua qua ddo tao, lao ddng cdc nganh nghe tu do, bdp benh, ddi hdi dn dinh dia diem thi khd ndng tri chdt lugng viec lam va nang cao miic sdng se cdng khd khan hon Ty danh gid ve dieu kien viec lam, da phdn ngudi dan ddnh gia Id khdng thay ddi chilm 77,1%, cdi thien hem chilm 9% vd gidm siit han chilm 13,8% Cd rdt nhilu nguyen nhan ma hg dan danh gid dieu kien viec lam giam Slit, dd da sd la cac y kiln lien quan din viec di chuyen cho d (chilm 31 y kiln tdng sd 41 y kiln thu dugc) Ngoai la cac y kien ehu quan nhu siic khde, cai d trp xa, hoac budn bdn khdng thuan lgi Ddng thdi, khdo sat miic dg hdi Idng vl cdng viec, da phdn ngudi ddn trd ldi bmh thudng Cdc y kien danh gid thu nhap gidm siit (chiem 29%, dd cd 12,9% danh gid giam Slit nhieu) vi nguyen nhan cd lien quan den mat bang kinh doanh, den ddt dai Kit qua ty danh gid ve viec 1dm cd mdi quan he chat che vd hgp ly vdi ket qua ty danh gia ve thu nhap cua ngudi dan, bdi vi viec di ddi chd d da dnh hudng den mat bang kinh doanh, dien tich ddt dai san xudt, tir anh hudng den thu nhap Mac du cd tren 50% ngudi dan nhdn dinh thu nh^p nhu cii nhimg ty le 29% y kien danh gid giam siit ciang la TAP CHI NGHIEN CD*U PHAT TRIEN SO 10 (4/2014) chi bdo ddng luu y ddi vdi cdng tac di ddi, bdi thudng 1.3 Thtfc trang vi nhd & cua hp dan Phdn Idn cac hd khao sat diu ed nha rieng chilm ty le 46,6%; sd hd dinh cu tren nin hoac nhd dupe bd Ui chung cu tai dinh cu cua dy dn chi chilm ty le 3,6%; cdn lai Id d nha thue, mugn va cdc hinh thiic khac chiem ty le 44,2% (trong dd gdm: nha rieng cua hd dugc thira kl, nha rieng cua hd mua da lau, nhd thudc dien bi gidi tda nhung chua di ddi, nha chua cd gidy td ) Ddi vdi cdc hd thugc dien hd ngheo va can ngheo (trudc di ddi) deu cd nhd rieng Trong tdng sd 44 hg ngheo cd 20 hd cd nha rieng hg mua mdi, chiem ty le 45,4%; hd dinh cu tren nen ho^c nha tai dinh cu ciia dy dn, ty le 4,5%; cdn lai thi d nhd thue, mugn va cdc hinh thiic khac Trong 498 hd khao sat, ciing cdn 74 hd (ty le 14,9%) cd nha dang d ndm khu quy hoach, mdt sd hd da nhan tien nhung chua di ddi sang noi d mdi, phan cdn lai tiin d6n bii thdp nen hg chap nhan mua re lai nen hoac nha dang nam khu quy hoach nhung du dn chua triSn khai Cd hd thudc dien hd ngheo, hg can ngheo thdnh phd dang d nha nam khu quy hoach Viec ngudi dan mua nha nam khu quy hoach anh hudng rdt nhieu den ddi sdng, viec dinh cu Idu dai va dn dinh viec lam Khi ngudi dan ty danh gia ve dieu ki$n nha d thi cd 68,1% y kien cho rdng "van nhu cu", 15,6% y kien ddnh gid cdi thien hon vi dugc nhdn tien den bii mua nha mdi, hoac sua chua, xdy dyng lai nhd mdi khang trang han Tuy nhien, cd 16,2% y kien danh gid chdt lugng nhd d gidm sut vi dien tich nhd hon, hodc bi dot, liin, ngap Nguyen nhan cua gidm siit Id mot phan dien tich bi gidi tda nen nha bi thu hep; bi giai tda nhan tiin den bu nhung chua mua nhd nen phdi di thue mugn nha de d; ndm khu vyc bi gidi tda nen bi ngap nude, liin nen; tien den bu gidi tda it nen mua nhd tam bg, nhd khu quy hoach Nhin chung, vdo trudng hgp hg gia dinh chgn phuang dn den bu md dieu kien nha d ciing khac Sd nha kien cd khep kin sau di ddi cd tdng len so vdi trudc di ddi nhan dugc tien bdi thudng, mdt sd gia dinh da ddu tu xdy dyng nha ciia khang trang han, cd dilu kien mua nhd mdi tdt hon Tuy nhien, hien tinh trang nhd d bi dot, thdm nudc, liin nin, ngdp (tap trung d nha rieng cua hg (mua mdi) va nha thue, mugn) van cdn tdn tai Dilu cho thdy ngudi dan nhdn tiin bdi thudng theo gia thi trudng nhung cd mdt bd phdn khdng nhd vg dieu kidn nha d khdng cai thidn hon so vdi trudc Nguyen nhan la mot sd ngudi ddn cd dien tich ddt dai nhd nen viec nhan tien bdi thudng khdng dii de mua nha mdi tdt hon (vi v^y cd mdt bd phan phai mua ddt re, nha re d nhiing khu vyc quy hoach), phdi mua nha d khu vuc xa trung tam (chii yeu d vimg ngo^i thdnh); sau nhdn tien bdi thudng gia dinh phan chia tai sdn cho cac vien tao vdn lam an, mua nhd lam bg; dien tich nhd bi thu hep giai tda giai phdng mat bdng Mdt van de khd quan trgng thyc hien khdo sdt Cling cho thdy, doi vdi ngudi ddn cd ddt bi thu hdi trudc ndm 2010, Nhd nudc thuc hien chinh sach bd tri nha tai dinh cu cho ngudi ddn thi chdt lugng nha d dugc cdi thien han so vdi trudc Tuy nhien, nha nudc de ngudi dan ty quyet dinh lua chgn nhd d cua hd cho phu hgp vdi nhu cau ciia hp thi dieu kien nha d lai gidm siit Day la chinh sach den bu theo gia thi trudng, cd lpi cho ngudi dan nhung ciing cdn xem xet va ddnh gia timg ddi tugng d§ cd chinh sach tu van, dinh hudng va chinh sdch hd trg d l ngudi ddn dugc tiep can vdi nha d tdt hon nhu nha tai dinh cu, nhd d xa hdi 62 VAN HOA-XA HOI Khi xem xet ve nhu cau hgc nghe ciia ngudi dan d dp tudi tir 15 - 55 ddi vdi nu va 15-60 tudi ddi vdi nam kit qud cho thdy: chi cd 87 ngudi/1.580 ngudi (chilm 5,5%) cd nhu cdu hgc nghe de ndng cao tay nghi hodc chuyen ddi nghe nghiSp Dieu ndy cd thi thdy tdm ly cua ngudi dan mong muon cd khodn tien den bii tuang ximg de hg nhanh chdng dn dinh hon, ddng thdi dn dinh cdng viec cung id su quan tam Idn, cdn ve dao tao nghe ngudi dan chua cd nhu cdu biic thilt 1.4 Gido dvic vd dgy nghe Theo kit qua khao sdt cd 568 vien tdng sd 2.336 thdnh vien thudc 498 hd khdo sat hien dang di hpc, chiem ty le 24,3% Cdp bdc hgc cd sd lugng thdnh vien dang theo hgc nhieu nhat la bdc ti6u hpc (23,4%), kl din la bac THCS (20,4%), THPT (15,5%), mdu giao/mdm non (18%), dai hpc (12%) Sd vien dang theo hgc nghe, trung cdp nghi, TCCN, cao ddng nghi chilm ty le thdp (4,4%), cao ddng chilm ty le 3,9% vd sau dai hgc chiem 1,4% Do trinh dp hgc van thdp, cung nhu nhu cau ciia ngudi dan ve hpc nghe khdng Idn nen nhiing nganh nghe dugc lya chgn chu yeu la nghe phd thdng, cd thdi gian dao tao ngdn Cd den 39% cd nhu cdu hpc nghe dudi 12 thdng, cac cdp bdc nhu trung cap nghe, trung cdp chuyen nghiep, cao dang nghe, cao dang it cd su lua chpn Tuy nhien, cung cd 29,3% cd nhu cau hpc d bdc dai hgc Cac nganh nghi ma ngudi dan mudn hgc chu ylu la co khi, sira chiia d td, xe may, may, dien - didn tir, det - may, lai xe, trang diem, nau an, ke toan, y ta, dieu duong, dia chdt - mdi trudng Phdn Idn cac vien dang hgc chu yeu la trudng cdng lap chilm ty le 87,7%, tilp den Id trudng ddn lap 6%, tu thuc Id 4,9% va trudng cd yeu td nudc ngoai vdi ty le 1,4% Qua khao sat ciing cho thdy, c6 nhiing hd gia dinh da thuc hien tdi dinh cu, chuyin vl noi d mdi nhung hd khdu vdn dang ky d noi d cii Do dd, mdt sd vien dang theo hgc d cae cap bac tir mam non den trung hgc phd thdng cung theo hgc tai cac trudng thugc noi d cii Do tam ly cua hd gia dinh cho rang hgc noi d cii chdt lugng hon noi d mdi, hoac sg cai cd su xao trdn ve cho hpc anh hudng din chdt lugng hpc tap nen chua mudn chuyen chd hpc ve noi gdn khu vyc dugc tdi dinh cu Xet ve dp tudi, nhdm tudi tir 15 - 30 cd nhu cdu hgc nghe cao nhdt chiem 73,6%, tilp den la nhdm tudi tir 31 - 45 chiem ty 16 23%, nhdm tudi tir 45 - 60 rat it cd nhu cdu hpc nghe (chiem 3,4%) Xet ve gidi tinh, nam cd nhu cdu hpc nghe cao hon nii chiem ty le 57,5%, nir chiem 42,5% Ngudi ddn d khu vyc ngoai cd nhu cau hpc nghe chiem 70,1%, khu vyc ndi thdnh chi chilm 29,9% Ve trinh hgc vdn vd trinh chuyen mdn cua nhdm ddi tugng tir 15 - 60 tudi cho thay: Sd ngudi cd trinh tieu hgc chiem ty le 22,9%, trung hgc co sd 24,8%, trung hgc phd thdng 23,2%, trung cap chuyen nghiep Id 1,5%, trung cdp nghe 1,2%, cao dang nghe 0,3%, cao ddng - dai hgc Id 10,2% va tren dai hgc chilm 0,5% Dieu cho thdy, trinh hgc vdn va chuyen mdn ngudi dan chua cao Vi vay, de ndng cao chat lugng sdng cua ngudi ddn, thi vi$c nang cao chdt lugng gido due va dao tao ddng mpt vai trd quan trpng nlu khdng mudn ndi din tinh quylt dinh viec dn dinh cudc sdng cua ngudi dan khu vyc tai dinh cu, dn dinh cudc sdng lau dai cho ngudi dan sau tdi dinh cu Nhin chung, cdng tdc hd trg ddo tao nghe cho ngudi ddn cd dat bj thu hdi dupc quan tam triln khai rdt tdt, nhien sd lugng ngudi dang ky hoc nghe kha thap, viec dao tao nghe cho ngudi bi thu hdi dat chi thuc hien d dang dao tao nghe ngdn han cho cdc ddi tugng tuoi cdn tre, cdn phan Idn ngudi dan d liia tudi trung nien va tudi cao, trinh dp van hda han che vd yeu cau muu sinh hang nen khdng cd nhu cau hpc nghe 63 TAP CHI NGHIEN CDtl PHAT THEN SO 10 (4/2014) 1.5 Dieu kien song, moi trudng song cua ho ddn sau tdi dinh cu Do ludng vl binh quan khoang cdch tir nhd din cac dich vu co ban nhu trudng hpc, chg/sieu thi, trung tam y te/benh vien trudc va sau di ddi khdng chenh lech nhieu Tuy nhien, ddnh gid vl cac dilu kien khde nhu dien, nudc sinh hoat, ve sinh mdi trudng, an ninh trdt tu ket qua cho thay: Khi danh gia vl dien sinh hoat, da phdn ngudi dan danh gia van nhu cii, chiem 82,7%; 10,5% y kiln cdi thien hon va 6,6% y kiln gidm Slit vi li do: Chua cd sd nhd mdi di xin dien nudc nin phdi di sic dung dien nhd ho khdc Vi nhd thue nen gid diin cao Ve an ninh trat tu, phdn Idn cac y kien danh gia nhu cii, chilm 83,6%; cd 10,7% y kiln danh gia tdt han va cd 5,6% y kien ddnh gid gidm siit V§ su hdi Idng, ngudi ddn cdm thdy binh thudng ddi vdi an ninh trdt ty, chilm 69,9%; cd 7,8% y kien khdng hai Idng vd 22,3% y kien hdi Idng Cac chinh sach ho trg cho ngirdi dan CO dat bi thu hoi d Thanh Ho Chi Minh va m§t vai kien nghi 2.1 Chinh sdch hd tro ngudi ddn sau tdi dinh cu Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh dang mdt ddi mdi, cac dy an ddu tu da mang lai nhieu hieu qua ve kinh te - chinh tri vd xa hdi, nhieu Ddi vdi nudc sinh hoat, da phdn ngudi cdng trinh dich vu, thuong mai cao tdng dugc ddn danh gia nhu cii, chiem 80,9 %; cd 11,4% xay dyng tao nen hinh anh dep, cdc dy an dau y kiln cdi thien hon va 7,6% y kien giam siit tu md rdng, chinh trang cac tuyen dudng, tdng vi li do: dung nhd nudc hdng xdm, ngudn cudng cdy xanh vd cac tien nghi dd thi, cac dy nudc bi d nhiim (nudc gieng khoan, nudc Idy an cai tao kenh rach, chmh trang thi ciing gdp tic thien nhiin (chit yiu a khu vuc ndng thdn), phdn vao viec cai thien mdi trudng va khdng nudc nhiim phen) gian kiln tnic dd thi Cd dugc nhung ket qud Ket qua khao sat miic dp hai Idng ve dien tren cung cd mdt phdn ddng gdp khdng nhd cua vd nudc sinh hoat, cd 70,1% trd ldi "binh nhung hd dan tai dinh cu Tuy vdy, cudc sdng thudng", 8,4% y kiln trd ldi khdng hai Idng ngudi dan sau tai dinh cu cdn gap nhieu khd va 21,5% y kien tra ldi hai Idng khan, ngoai nhiing nd lye ciia bdn than timg Ket qua khao sat miic dp hai Idng the hiSn thdnh vien hg, cdn cd quan tdm nhieu hon tir chinh quyen, dodn the vd cac nha ddu da phdn ngudi dan cd y kien binh thudng ve tu de nhiing hd dan tai dinh cu nhanh chdng dn dieu kien giao thdng, chiem 66,5%; cd 8,0% y dinh cudc sdng va ngdy cdng tin tudng vao cdc kien khdng hai long vd 25,5% y kiln hai long chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc Danh gia ve ve sinh mdi trudng, da phdn cdc y kien ddnh gid nhu cii, chilm 77,2% Hien nay, Quylt dinh 35 cua UBND Dong thdi, cd cac ludng y kien ddnh gia trdi phd da tuong ddi hoan thien ve co sd chieu, cu the la cd 11,6% y kien cai thien hon phdp ly va cac quy dinh hien hdnh Day la uu vi li nhu la: Thu gom rdc thudng xuyen diem va ciing la ca sd de Thanh phd cd the hon, Cd 10,6% y kien phan ndn chat lugng manh dan dp dung nhieu han thdi gian ve sinh mdi trudng gidm siit vi: gdn trgi chdn tdi Ben canh do, ddnh gid ve Quyet dinh nudi, rdc, kenh den, dang lam dudng, dudng 156, vdi nhiing hieu qua ve kinh te, chinh thudng xuyin ngap, he thdng thodt nudc bi tri va xa hdi mang lai, the hien ehii truang hu.-.We miic hdi Idng, da phan ngudi dan diing dan, sy sdng tao cua Ddng bg va chinh cdm thay binh thudng ddi vdi dilu kien ve quyen phd nhdm gdp phdn dam bdo ve sinh mdi trudng, chiem 62,2%; cd 13,4% y chinh sach an sinh xd hdi cho ngudi dan kien khdng hdi Idng vd 24,3% y kiln hdi Idng tdi dinh cu 64 VAN HOA-XA HOI Hieu mpt each ca bdn, qua trinh giai quylt viec din bii, tai dinh cu cho ngudi dan hien nay, Quylt dinh 35 la ca sd phap ly, chiu trdch nhiem ve viec mang lai mdt sy "dSn bii", bu ddp cdn thiet cho ngudi dan dien quy hoach, theo diing quy dinh phdp ludt - nhu mdt dieu kien cdn; cdn Quyet dinh 156 Id mpt gidi phap hd trg quan trgng, cd tdc dung giiip da ngudi dan vugt qua khd khdn trudc mat, hudng den dn dinh cudc sdng lau dai, theo diing tdn chi cua chinh sach nhu mdt dieu kiin du Dd la mgt mdi quan he Urong hd nen viec tri cd hai chinh sach va ket hgp nhudn nhuyin, cd thi mang lai hieu qua thyc thi chinh sach phdp luat th^t tdt - vira the hien tinh nghiem minh, thugng tdn phdp ludt, vira the hien dugc tinh nhan vdn va quan diem cham lo cho ngudi ddn cua chinh quyen phd ddu mdi thyc hien ho trg, tranh rinh trang hd trg chdng cheo, trimg Idp, lang phi v l dpi ngu 1dm cdng tac thyc hien Vi vdy, can quy ve mdt ddu mdi thyc hien chinh sach tao dieu kien thuan lgi cdng tac dilu hdnh, quan ly, thilt thyc hd trg hd dan thuc hien phuc hdi thu nhdp b i n viing, tranh lang phi ngudn ngdn sdch 2.2 Mpt vdi kiin nghi Viec gidi tda, di ddi, tai dinh cu khdng chi Id viec di ddi ngdi nha, ma la su thay ddi he thdng cdc dich vy xa hdi co ban, thilt y l u ciia ngudi dan (viSc lam, hpc hdnh, di lai, y t l , thu nhap ) Bdt k l ngudi ddn tai dinh cu chgn lya phuong an din bii hay hd trg nhu the nao thi dieu kien sdng ciia hg ciing se bi thay ddi va dnh hudng "hiiu hinh" lan "vd hinh" Trong nhung nam gdn ddy, chinh quyen Thanh phd vd cac don vi ddu tu thyc hien nhieu chinh sach ddng bd nham dn dinh ddi sdng ngudi ddn sau tdi dinh cu Cac chinh sach chii trpng din viec tai dinh cu tai cho nhdm tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho ngudi dan nhanh chdng dn dinh, phuc hdi thu nh^p, hdi nhdp cudc sdng Chinh sdch den bii, gidi tda thda dang, theo gia thi trudng; hoac tao mpi dieu kien thuan lpi de ddn dugc bd tri noi d mdi (nhan nen tai dinh cu, nha d - can hd tai dinh cu) vd cdc co sd phiic lgi xa hgi ddng bd nhu chg, trudng hpc, trung tdm y te, khu vui choi gidi tri Trong qua trinh thyc hien di ddi, ngoai viec giai quyet den bii, dua phuang an chgn lya theo nguyen vgng nhan dan, chinh quyen Thdnh phd cdn ho trg tdi da cac dich vu viec lam, gido due, y te, van hda, giao thdng Ngoai ra, cdn cd cdc chinh sach hd trg cho hd dan bi thu hdi ddt cd cac ndi dung quy dinh lien quan den vdn d l phuc hdi thu nhdp Tuy nhien, hien mdt sd dy dn lai thuc hien xdy dyng chuang trinh phuc hdi thu nhap rieng cho dy an (nhu chuang trinh phuc hdi thu nhdp cua ADB ho trg cho nhung hg bj anh hudng bdi dy an dudng cao tdc Bdn Luc - Long Thanh) Qua khdo sat thyc te cd the thdy cac ndi dung ho trg cua chuang trinh tai dinh cu vira trung Idp vdi cdc chinh sach hd trg bdi thudng, chinh sach dao tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn, chinh sach xdy dung cdc xa ndng thdn mdi tren dia ban Thdnh phd Ngudn kinh phi thyc hien chuang trinh phuc hdi thu nhdp Id ngudn vdn ddi ling tir ngan sach trung uang va khdng khd thi phuong thiic ho trg khdng phii hgp vdi dilu kien tilp nhan thyc hien cua hd dan tai cdc huyen cd dy an Qua khao sat ndy, d l triln khai thyc hien chuang trinh phuc hdi thu nhap cua hd dan sau tai dinh cu cdn k i t hgp vdi cdc chinh sach hd trg cua QuJ 156 bdng each ddng gdp kinh phi ho trg d l giao cho mdt Tuy nhien, tu ty le phdn tram danh gid khdng hai long, nhan dinh "gidm siit" va dac biet qua y kien nguyen vgng/du djnh tuong lai cua ngudi dan thi ddi sdng sau tdi dinh cu cua ngudi ddn dang ddi dien vdi rat nhieu khd khdn, ddc biet van de viec lam, thu nhap, dieu kien nha d Tir ket qua nghien cim 65 TAP CHI NGHIEN CHt PHAT TRIEN SO 10 (4/2014) - Cdc ngdnh chiic ndng cdn cd chuang trinh tu vdn nhung hd thudc dien tai dinh cu tu van vd dinh hudng de ngudi ddn dugc tiep can cae chinh sdch nhu nha d, ddo tao nghe gdn lien vdi gidi quyet viec lam vd xir dung vdn ngudn vdn dugc den bii cd hieu qud nay, chiing tdi xin kien nghi cac ndi dung chinh sau: - Tang cudng cdng tac tuyen truyin phd bien cho ngudi dan ve cdc chinh sdch hd trp hd dan cd ddt bi thu hdi (nhu Quylt dinh 35 vd Quy 156) dl hg dupe tilp can, thu hudng cdc chinh sach ndy (qua khdo sat cd 48,6% sd ngudi dan khdng biet) - D I thyc hien tdt chinh sach ciia Thanh phd, cua Nhd nudc doi vdi ngudi ddn sau tai dinh cu thi cdng tdc dieu tra ban ddu can phdi ddu tu 1dm chat che, ddng thdi hudng dan de ngudi ddn ndm dugc ddy du chu truong, chinh sdch v l tdi dinh cu cung nhu nhu cau, nguyen vpng cudc sdng ciia hp tren co sd dd sap xdp tai dinh cu cho phii hgp, vi "cd an cu mdi lac nghiep" Vi?c bd tri noi d mdi qua xa nhu hd bi thu hdi ddt d Qudn 1,5, 6, 7, v l c d c l d chung cu d VTnh Ldc B (huyen Binh Chanh), chung eu An Suong (Quan 12) khdng phii hgp Viec tdi dinh cu tai cho, tdi dinh cu cgn ke Id vi?e 1dm cdn thiet de ngudi dan sdm dn dinh cudc song, nhanh chdng phuc hdi thu nhap, di lai, hpc hdnh thuan tien han - Ve thil tuc hanh chinh: cdn mdt sd hp chua cd chuyen khdu ve noi d mdi nen cdng tac quan ly hd tai dinh cu ciing cdn bat cap; cdng tdc cdp gidy chiing nhan quydn sii dung ddt d vd nha d cdn cham vd cac thu tuc ve hpc hanh cua em hd tdi dinh cu cdn khd khan - D I ngudi dan sau tdi dinh cu cd cudc sdng tdt hon d l nghi Nha nudc, chu dau tu va chinh quyen dia phuang nai cd dy dn phai cd trach nhiem rang budc ve chat lugng tai dinh cu cdc mat nhu thu nhap, viec lam, nha d, hgc hanh va thu hudng chinh sach, ddng thdi chdm lo, hd trg va hudng dan ngudi ddn sdm dn dinh cudc sdng va phat trien kinh t6 gia dinh - Quy nhd tdi dinh cu nen tap tnmg vao mdt ddu mdi thay vi giao cho cac quan, huyen quan ly nhu hien d6 thdnh phd chii ddng sdp xIp va bo tri cho ngudi dan tdi dinh cu hgp l;y - Qua dieu tra xa hdi hpc cho thdy thdnh phd edn tilp tuc tri hoat dgng chinh sdch cho hd ddn thudc dien tai dinh cu, d6ng thdi can sdp xep bd may quan ly tinh ggn, phii hgp de cdng tdc ho trg dat hipu qud cao Tai lieu tham khao Cue Thdng ke Ban Gidm ngheo - Tdng hd kha Thdnh (2013), Bdo cdo khdo sdt ddi sdng ngudi ddn sau tdi dinh cu Vien Nghien ciiu Phat trien, Ban Gidm ngheo - Tang hg khd Thdnh phd (2014), Bdo cdo khdo sdt ddi song nguai ddn sau tdi dinh cu - Ve qudn ly vdn cho ngudi dan vay 1dm cho hieu qua va su dung cho tdt, thay cho dan ng, khoanh ng, vd xda ng m 66 ... trudng song cua ho ddn sau tdi dinh cu Do ludng vl binh quan khoang cdch tir nhd din cac dich vu co ban nhu trudng hpc, chg/sieu thi, trung tam y te/benh vien trudc va sau di ddi khdng chenh... cdo khdo sdt ddi sdng ngudi ddn sau tdi dinh cu Vien Nghien ciiu Phat trien, Ban Gidm ngheo - Tang hg khd Thdnh phd (2014), Bdo cdo khdo sdt ddi song nguai ddn sau tdi dinh cu - Ve qudn ly vdn... budc phdi tang len dl dam bdo dieu kien sdng dn dinh Tuy nhien, phdn Idn thu nhap ciia ngudi ddn sau tai dinh cu khdng tang len so vdi thdi dilm trudc di ddi chilm ty le 57% Ddy la kit qua dang
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