TAP CHI KHOA HQC XA HOI SO 10(158)-2011 18 NHAN THl>C ve TJNH DUC AN T O A N CUA SINH VIEN OAI HQC N G T H A P TRAN KIM NGQC TOM TAT Trong vil thip nidn gin day, quan hp tinh dpc trudc hdn nhin, npo phi thai, bpnh liy nhiem qua dudng tinh dpc cua gidi tre dang ngiy cing gia ting Bii viet tnnh biy kit qui nghiin cuu ve nhin thuc cua sinh vien a ky tuc xi Dpi hpc Ddng Thip lien quan den tinh dpc an toin hipn Mic du mdt ty le cao sinh vien cd hieu biet dOng ve bipn phip trinh thai, van cdn mdt sd ding ke thieu kien thirc can thiet ve thdi khoang tht^ thai, cic bpnh liy nhiem qua dudng tinh due vi cic phuang phip phdng ngua Phuang tien truyen thdng dai chung li kenh cung cap thdng tin chu yeu, muc dp inh hudng tu gia dinh, nhi trudng, cdng ddng vi dja phuang cdn hpn che Ting cudng mpng ludi xa hpi tu cap vi md tren ca sd phi vd tim ly e ngpi trao ddi cac van de lien quan den tinh dpc an toin li mpt hudng quan trpng giup gidi tre xiy di/ng duac mpt ddi sdng tinh dpc linh manh I.OATVANOE Hien nay, v i n d l quan he tinh due an todn cua hpc sinh, sinh vien da duoc gia dinh, nhd trudng vd xa hpi quan tam nhiiu han Cha me, thIy cd gido cdi md han tdm Trin Kim Ngoc Thgc sT Trudng Oai hpc Oing Thdp sy, chia se vdi em nhOng diiu thIm kin Cdc phuang tien truyin thdng dgi chung cung mgnh dgn han truyin tai nhu'ng thdng tin lien quan d i n gidi tinh vd quan he tinh dye an todn Ode biet, nhiiu trudng da dua vdo giang dgy cac mdn hpc v l gidi tinh, t l chuc cdc buli truyin thdng v l quan he tinh dye an todn cd npi dung phu hop vdi tung lua tuli cua hpc sinh, sinh vien T h i nhung, ty le mang thai ngodi y muln vd ngc phd thai d hpc sinh, sinh vien v i n cdn d muc cao Theo s l lieu thing ke mdi nhlt cua Hdi K l hegch hda gia dinh Viet Nam, trung binh mdi nam ca nudc cd khoang 300.000 ca ngo hut thai a 6Q tuli 15-19, cd d i n 60-70% la hoc sinh sinh vien''^ Viec nhgn thuc khdng d l y du v l quan he tinh dye an todn cung la nguydn nhdn lay nhidm cac benh qua dudng tinh dye, ddc biet la HIV/AIDS Trong xd hoi, sinh vien la d i i tuong cd hpc v i n khd cao, vgy nhgn thue cua ho v l tinh due an todn nhu t h i nao? O l gdp phin tim cau tra Idi thoa dang, chung tdi da tien hdnh khao sat thyc trgng nhgn thuc cua sinh vien ve tinh dye an toan qua trudng hop nghien cuu d ky tuc xa Tnj-dng Ogi hoc Oing Thap Khai niem nhgn thuc v l quan he tinh dye an todn duoc chung tdi thao tdc vd bdi cdc biln: nhgn bilt, hieu bilt v l v i n d l sinh san vd cdc bien phdp trdnh thai; nhan bilt, hiiu bilt v l cac benh lay truyin qua TRAN KIM NGOC - NHAN THU'C VE TJNH DUG AN T O A N dudng tinh due; cdc nguIn cung d p thdng tin lien quan d i n v i n d l quan he tinh dye an toan Mdt nhdn djnh khd p h i biln Id sinh vien cd sy nhgn bilt, hiiu bilt t i t v l v i n d l sinh san, cdc bien phdp trdnh thai vd cdc benh lay truyin qua dudng tinh dye (trong dd ed HIV/AIDS) Tuy nhien, cdc nguIn cung d p thdng tin lien quan d i n v i n d l quan he tinh due an todn d sinh vien v i n cdn hgn chi Cuoc khao sat duoc tiln hdnh vdo thdng 2/2011 tgi ky tue xd trudng Ogi hpc Oing Thdp Miu khdp sat gIm 240 sinh vidn dang thep hpc tgi trudng, phan b l diu theo gidi tinh, nam hpc vd khoi nganh, duoc thyc hien bdi phuang phap thu thap thdng tin djnh luong dya vdo ban hdi thiit k l sin, kit hop vdi phdng v i n sdu mdt s l sinh vien tu m i u djnh luong Bai vilt ndy gidi thieu mdt s l kit qua tu eude khao sat tren NHAN THLTC VE V A N O E SINH S A N vA BIEN P H A P T R A N H T H A I Vide ludng nhdn thue v l sinh san vd bidn phdp trdnh thai d sinh vien duoc t h i hidn qua hai nhdm cdu hdi Nhdm mdt Id nhung cau hdi ludng sy nhdn bilt, hiiu bilt cua sinh vien v l kha nang thy thai vd thdi khoang thy thai d ngudi phy nu Day la nhu'ng kiln thuc quan trpng giup sinh vien, ddc biet Id sinh vien nu' chu ddng v l v i n d l cua hp cd quyit djnh quan he tinh dye vd y thuc v l hdu qua ed t h i xay Tuy nhien, d cdu hdi "Mdt cd gii cd the cd thai trudc cd kinh nguyet lan dau tien hay khdng?", chf ed 58,3% sinh vidn tra Idi "khdng", cdn Igi 20,8% cho la "cd the" va 20,8% Id "khdng biet" Cd t h i chu ky kinh nguyet chf xult hien d gidi nu- nen hp 19 ed sy quan tam vd hiiu bilt nhiiu han nam gidi; cau hdi ndy sinh vien nO' tra Idi dung nhiiu han sinh vien nam vd sy khdc biet ed y nghTa v l mgt thing ke (sig = 0.001) Cy cdu hdi "/Wpf ngudi phu nO cd the cd thai d lin quan h$ tinh dpc dau tien khdng?", cd 86,7% sinh vien che Id "cd the", 5,0% cho Id "khdng' va 8,3% "khdng biet", khdng ed sy khdc biet giu'a nam vd nu" Kit qua trdn cho thIy sy hiiu bilt cua sinh vien v l kha ndng thy thai d ngudi phy nu' Id khd thip (dgc biet Id d sinh vien nam) Du day Id nhu'ng kiln thuc ca ban da duoc gido vidn giang dgy d bdc hoc phi thdng, nhung nhiiu sinh vidn vin tra Idi sai hodc khdng bilt Kit qua tren ed t h i d i n d i n mdt suy ludn Id gich Id nlu sy hiiu bilt v l kha ndng thy thai d ngudi phy nii' khdng dly du thi vide chu ddng phdng trdnh thai d ca nannvd nu' se thilu hieu qua, vd de vgy kha nang^dl Igi hdu qua quan he tinh dye Id cao Cae nghien cuu trudc ddy cung cho rang, mac du sinh vien Id nhdm cd trinh dp hpc vin cae han cdc nhdm khdc nhung hp cung cd nhiiu ca hdi d l budc vdo ddi sing tinh due sdm han so vdi mdt s l nhdm khdc, vi vgy v i n d l hp ggp phai Id hdu qua mang thai ngpdi y muln dp thilu hyt thdng tin d n thiit vd ky ndng sing (Nguyen Thi Tuylt Minh, 2004) o l ludng sdu han sy nhgn bilt, hiiu bilt cua sinh vien v l thdi khoang thy thai d ngudi phy nu', chung tdi dua cdu hdi cd lya chpn "Thdi diem nio thing ngudi phu nu cd kha ning mang thai nhat neu cd quan he tinh due?" (xem Bang 1) S l lieu tu Bang cho thIy, chf cd 43,3% sinh vien chpn cau tra Idi dung Id "14 ngiy 20 TRAN KIM NGOC - NHAN THU'C VE TlNH DUC AN T O A N sau cd kinh" Se sdnh giOa nam vd nO* cung cho thIy sinh vidn nO' trd Idi dung d cdu hdi ndy nhiiu hon sinh vidn nam vd cd y nghTa thing ke (sig = 0.000) Cd sy khac bi|t nhung khdng Idn se vdi s l li^u cua cuOc Oilu tra QuIc gia v l Vi thdnh nien vd Thanh nidn Viet Nam ndm 2003 (SAVY, 2003) chf cd 27,8% trd Idi dung v l thdi dilm d l cd thai chu ky kinh nguyet dd nO hiiu bilt cao han nam (33,3% so vdi 21,1%) Oilu ndy cOng khdng khd giai thich vi v i n d l kinh nguydt thuOc v l phy ni> nen nu- gidi ed sy hiiu bilt t i t han vd sinh vien cd trinh hiiu bilt t i t han so vdi cac nhdm cdn Igi Tuy nhidn, nlu ed sy hiiu bilt t i t han cua nam gidi thi se tgo sy ding thugn vd hieu qua cao phdng trdnh thai ed quan he tinh dye Vdi da s l cau tra Idi thilu chinh xdc tren, mot cau hdi ddt Id lieu cd phai chinh sy thilu hiiu bilt hodc hiiu bilt sai llm ndy Id mot nhung nguyen nhdn quan dua d i n tinh trgng mang thai ngodi y muln vd ngo phd thgi cae d hoc sinh, sinh vien hien nay? Nhdm cdu hdi thu hai Id nhu'ng cdu hdi ludng sy nhgn bilt, hiiu bilt cua sinh vien v l cdc bien phap trdnh thai ddy chung tdi chf tim hiiu xem sinh vien dd bilt d i n nhung bien phap ndo duoc su dyng 6k tranh thai Viec bilt d i n cdc bien phap trdnh thai cd y nghTa tdng sy lya chpn cua sinh vien su dyng cdc bien phap trdnh thai budc vdo cupc sing hdn nhan hoge cd quan h | tinh dye Kit qua nghien cuu che thIy cd 98,3% sinh vien m l u khao sat bilt it nhlt mpt each ndo 6k trdnh thai quan he tinh dye Bien phap trdnh thai duoc sinh vidn mdu khao sdt bilt d i n nhiiu nhlt Id su dyng bao cao su (97,9%), k l d i n Id d|t vdng trinh thai (72.7%), dung thudc viin (70,2%), dung thudc trinh thai khin dp (59,7%) bdi ddy duoc xem Id nhung bi|n phdp trdnh thai ed cdch su dyng dan gian, it t i n kdm, mang Igi hj|u qua cao vd duoc nhiiu ngudi su dyng S l li|u ndy tuong d i i trung khdp vdi s l li|u dua tu SAVY 2003 cd d i n 97% thilu nidn bilt it nhlt mOt bien phdp trdnh thai vd bao cao su Id bi|n phdp trdnh thai duoc dung chu y i u d i i vdi nhdm thilu nidn chua ldp gia dinh Cdc nghidn cuu khdc cOng Chung minh ring, cdc bien phdp tranh thai duoc vj thdnh nien nhdc d i n nhiiu nhlt la su dyng bao cao su vd dung thulc trdnh thai (Bui Quynh Nhu, 2007) Cac bien phdp tranh thai it duoc biet d i n nhlt la thudc cay (32,4%), ming ngin im d^o (38,7%), xuat tinh ngoii (46,6%), tinh vdng kinh (49,6%) va tri0t sin (53.4%) It phi biln, hieu qua t h i p hodc mang tinh d|c thu Bdng Hiiu bilt cua sinh yidn v l thdi dilm thdng phy nu cd kha ndng mang thai nhlt nlu ed quan hd tinh dye Thdi dilm thdng nguOi phy nO- cd kha ndng mang thai nhlt nlu cd quan hd tinh dye n % Trudc ky kinh nguydt 42 17.5 Trong cd kinh nguydt 27 11,3 Ngay sau h i t kinh nguydt 12 5,0 104 43,3 52 21.7 1,3 14 ngdy sau cd kinh nguydt Khdng bilt Khdc Ting 240 100,0 Ngudn: Trin Kim Ngpc Kdt qui khio sit thing 2/2011 TRAN KIM N G O C - NHAN THU'C VE TiNH DUC AN TOAN SK ' J2?1 «l»^ am ^M tu nu4c«ln ewcMW ThiAcc*, VtngbM, Hlngnfln DnhvAng tvi»vSn) t» ImdM Hnh Xuktrt, ngta Tn«.*, TluicB** ttwMJn KMc 21 cdch phdng trdnh vd diiu trj bOnh Ridng d i i vdi HIV/AIDS, chung tdi tim hiiu sdu han kiln thdc cua sinh vidn v l cdch phdng tranh Vdi cdu hdi "Theo bpn nhO'hg b$nh nio sau diy cd the liy truyen qua dudng tinh dpc?", chung tdi da dua vdo mdt s l bdnh ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye vd mOt s l benh khdng ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye, sinh vidn ed t h i chpn nhiiu ddp dn tra Idi Bieu d l Cdc bien phap tranh thai duoc sinh vidn bilt din Ngudn: S l lidu khao sdt thdng 2/2011 Nhu vgy, sinh vidn da ed su nhgn bilt, hiiu bilt khd d l y du v l eac bidn phdp trdnh thai Du rang, d mdt sd bidn phdp trdnh thai ty Id sinh vidn bilt d i n khdng cap nhu thulc d y mdng ngdn dm dgo nhung d mdt s l bien phap tranh thai khac nhu: su dung bao cao su, dung thulc vidn, dat vdng trdnh thai, ty Id bilt d i n cua sinh vidn kha cao Ode bidt Id d i i vdi bao cao su ed d i n 97.9% sinh vien miu khao sat bilt din Oilu ndy ed y nghTa quan trpng, bdi vide bilt d i n bac cao su la mdt sy "bap ve kep" khdng chf giup cho sinh vidn phdng trdnh thai cd quan he tinh dye md nd cdn giup phdng trdnh cdc bdnh lay truyin qua dudng tinh dye Khdng cd sy khdc bidt Idn giua nam vd nO cdc phuang an tra Idi, cho thIy cdc hiiu bilt trdn Id kha p h i biln NHAN THU'C VE CAC BENH L A Y T R U Y E N Q U A O L T O N G TiNH DUC Sy nhdn bilt hiiu bilt eOa sinh vien v l cac benh lay truyin qua dudng tinh dye nghien cuu chf gidi hgn d vide neu ten benh md khdng hoi sau v l d i u hieu/trieu chung nhgn bilt benh cung nhu lEosmouci Bieu d l Phan bo ty le hieu biet ve cdc benh ldy truyin qua quan he tinh due Ngudn: So lidu khao sat thang 2/2011 Kit qua tu Bilu d l cho thIy, cd 98,3% sinh vidn bilt HIV/AIDS Id bdnh lay truyin qua dudng tinh dye, k l d i n Id benh lau (80%), giang mai (79.6%) nam Chlamydia (41%) vd herpes (gidi leo sinh dpc) (37,9%) Oilu ndy cho thIy sy hiiu bilt cua sinh vidn v l cdc benh cd t h i lay truyin qua dudng tinh dye Id khdng cao Bdi nhu da ndi d phan trdn, ddy Id nhu'ng kiln thue phi thdng md nhu'ng ngudi cd trinh dp hpc v i n nhu sinh vien duoc mong doi phai bilt, nhung nhij-ng s l lieu tren da cho thIy mot diiu khdng hodn todn nhu thi Ngogi tru HIV/AIDS Id bdnh lay truyin qua dudng tinh due duoc sinh vien bilt din nhiiu nhlt, thi cac benh cdn Igi ty le sinh vien 22 TRAN KIM bilt d i n khdng cae, ddc bi^t Id b#nh nim Chlamydia vi herpes Oing thdi, ed khdng it sinh vien nhIm l i n giO'a nhu'ng b|nh khdng ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye vd benh ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye Cy t h i , cd 6,7% sinh vien cho ring bpnh phong vd 5% sinh vidn che ring b$nh lao Id nhu-ng benh cd t h i ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye Sy hiiu bilt ndy Id tyang d i i gilng giua nam vd nu Lien quan d i n kiln thue ve cdc b$nh ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye d thilu nien (tuoi tu 15 den 28), cdc nghidn cuu khdc cung cho thIy phin Idn thilu nidn chf ed t h i chf duoc bdnh Id HIV/AIDS, Ipu, va giang mai, cdn cdc bdnh khdc ho khdng bilt Id cd ldy qua dudng tinh dye hay khdng (Bui Quynh Nhu, 2007) Kit qua tren dat mot cdu hdi v l hidu qua cua cdng tdc tuyen truyin, gido dye nang cao nhan thue v l v i n d l quan he tinh dye an todn d hpc sinh, sinh vidn thdi gian qua, dac bidt Id cdng tde tuyen truyin nhd trudng d eac bgc hpc p h i thdng o l i vdi kiln thuc phdng trdnh HIV/AIDS phin Idn sinh vidn treng miu khdp sdt cho ring nen su dung bao cao su quan hp tinh dpc, chilm d i n 93,8%; khdng dung Chung bam kim tiem chilm 89,2% Vdi cdc each phdng trdnh l-IIV/AIDS duoc sinh vien lya chon nhy tren, cho thIy sinh vien da phin ndo y thdc dyoc eac eon dudng ed t h i lay nhidm HIV/AIDS Tuy nhien, vdi muc nguy hiim cua can benh, vdi cdng tdc tuyen truyin manh me tu cdc phuang tien truyin thdng dgi chung va eac t l chuc trong, ngodi nude thdi gian qua, dgc biet Id vdi d i i tuong sinh vien thi kit qua tren chua that sy id diiu duoc ky vong Oilu NGOC - NHAN THU'C VE TJNH DUC AN TO AN.: ddng lo nggi Id v i n cdn mdt s l sinh vien c6 sy hiiu bilt, nhdn bilt chua d l y du v l cdn benh ndy, ndn dua cdc each phdng trdnh mang tinh chit ky thi, khdng hi|u qua Cd d i n 9,6% sinh vidn m l u khao sat quan ni|m 6k phdng trdnh ldy nhiim HIV/AIDS d n phdi trinh tiip xuc vdi ngudi nhidm HIV/AIDS vd 6.3% cho ring cin trinh in udng chung vdi ngu&i nhiim HIV/AIDS Cdc k i t qua trdn cho thIy nhung I I hing ddng k l treng hiiu bilt cua sinh vidn, v l kha ndng lay nhiim benh vd cdch xu ly n l u xay d i i vdi nhdng trudng hop bj ldy nhiim benh qua dudng tinh dye CAC NGUON CUNG CAP THONG TIN L I E N Q U A N O E N T I N H DUC AN T O A N Viec tilp cgn thdng tin lien quan d i n vin 6k quan he tinh dye an todn d sinh vien duoc chia Idm nhdm: nhdm thdng tin v l cdc bien phdp trdnh thai va nhdm thdng tin v l cac benh cd t h i ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye (chu y i u Id HIV/AIDS) Phin Idn sinh vien m l u khao sdt diu cho ring, viec nhgn thdng tin v l cac bien phdp trdnh thai d i i vdi ban than ho Id cin thiit (91.6%) vd nguIn thdng tin v l cac bien phdp tranh thai ma ho nhgn duoc chu y i u Id tu cac phuong tien truyin thdng dgi Chung nhu: sach/bao/tgp chi (85.8%), tivi (84,2%), radio (76,7%) internet (66,3%) Trong do, cac nguIn cung d p thdng tin d d p gia dinh, bgn be, trudng hpc va cong ding thi chua cao, chang hgn gia dinh (32,5%), cdc buli hop tgi dia phuong (26,3%), sinh hogt dodn/hoi (35,4%), thIy cd giao (59,6%), bgn be (60%) S l lieu dug tu SAVY 2003 cung cho thIy thdng tin dgi chung Id nguon cung d p thdng tin TRAN KIM NGOC - NHAN THU'C V£ TiNH DUC AN p h i biln nhlt che thilu nien v l sue khoe sinh san (93,4%) Cdc cuoc nghien cuu khdc cung cd cung quan dilm cho ring, da s l thilu nien tilp cdn kiln thuc v l sue khoe sinh san thdng qua cac phuang tien truyin thdng dgi chung (Bui Quynh Nhu, 2007) Cac kit qua trdn cho thIy sinh vidn phin ndo da ty nhgn thue duoc sy d n thiit eug viec tilp cdn thdng tin, dich vu v l cdc bien phdp trdnh thai nen ho ty tim hiiu d l trang bi cho ban thdn Tuy nhidn thdng tin tu cdc phuang tien truyin thdng dgi chung Id thdng tin p h i qudt chf mpt chilu tu ngudi cung d p d i n ngudi tilp nhdn, it cd sy phan h i i va trao d i i hai chilu ndn khd cd t h i giup sinh vien cd duoc sy hiiu bilt can ke hodc giai dap nhung thdc mac cua ban than ho mot each kip thdi Oilu ndy se din d i n hgu qua Id sinh vien cd t h i hiiu bilt sai hoac hiiu bilt khdng day du v l cdc bien phdp trdnh thai vd rIt d n sy djnh hudng kjp thdi tu phia gido vidn, gia dinh, nhd trudng, vd dja phuang Tuy nhidn, kit qua khao sdt cho thIy vai trd cua gia dinh, nhd trudng, cdc t l chuc dodn/hdi vd chinh quyIn dia phuang d i i vdi v i n 6k trdn cdn tuang d i i khiem t i n Cdc kit qua nghidn cuu dinh tinh cung che thIy tdm ly nggi chia se nhung chuydn 'phdng the" d i i vdi nhdng ngudi than gia dinh vd nhung ngudi cd quan he thdn thiit Id mpt trpng nhdng trd nggi chinh trcng vide tilp cgn vdi cdc thdng tin va nhung Idi khuyen b l ich v l ddi sing tinh dye Tam ly ndy Id phi biln d ca ngudi cung d p vd ngudi tilp nhgn thdng tin Trpng dd, da ed nhiiu nghien cuu che thIy rang viec tang cudng cac giac tilp phi chinh thuc 6k chia se thdng tin vd tu v i n cae v i n d l tinh dye, TOAN 23 sue khoe sinh san, kit nii giua cha me vd vi thdnh nidn se Id yiu t l Idm giam quan he tinh dye vd kha nang an todn tinh dye d vi thdnh nidn (Nguydn Vdn Nghi, Vu Mgnh Loi, Ld Cy Linh, Nguyin Thanh Long, 2011) Cdc mgng lydi xd hOi trdn cung cd y nghTg quan d i i vdi nhdng ngudi mdi budc vdo ngudng nidn Oilu ndy ddi hdi cd sy thay d i i Idn v l quan ni^m nhIm md rdng vd tdng cudng cdc mgng ludi xd hoi viec tro giup nhung ngudi tre ndi chung vd sinh vidn ndi ridng cdc ung xu tinh dye Kit qua khao sat cung che thIy khdng cd sy khdc bidt Idn giua cdc nguon cung d p thdng tin v l cdc bien phdp trdnh thai vd cdc nguon cung d p thdng tin v l HIV/AIDS d i i vdi sinh vidn Phin Idn sinh vidn tilp nhdn cdc thdng tin v l HIV/AIDS tu cdc phuang tidn truyin thdng dgi chung nhu sach/bde/tgp ehi, tivi, radie, internet Cdn cdc nguIn khdc nhu gia dinh, cdc t l chuc dodn/hdi, gido vidn, ty Id sinh vidn tilp nhan duoc nhung thdng tin v l HIV/AIDS khdng cao^^' Kit qua khao sdt cung cho thIy, d i i tuong md sinh vidn chon 6k thao ludn, trao d i i thdng tin v l HIV/AIDS chu yiu Id bgn be (71,7%), vi d mOt vj t h i ngang Igi ding cam vdi v l tdm sinh ly de cung Ida tuli Tuy nhidn, chia se thdng tin mdt mgng ludi tuang d i i khdp kin nhu vgy, eac thdng tin thilu chinh xdc cung cd t h i duoc lan truyin rong rai thilu cdc thdng tin mdi vd chinh xdc han tu nhung nguIn ddng tin cay khdc nhu giao vien, can bd y t l vd b l me Cd t h i day Id mot nhung nguyen nhan dua d i n sy nhan thuc khdng dly du v l HIV/AIDS d mot s l sinh vien m i u khao sdt 24 TRAN KIM N G O C KET LUAN Kit qua khao sat thyc trgng nhdn thuc cua sinh vidn v l v i n d l quan h$ tinh dye an todn cho thIy sinh vidn v i n chua nh|in thue mOt cdch d l y du v l v i n d l quan h | tinh due an todn Nhdn bilt, hiiu bilt cua sinh vidn v l kha ndng thy thai, thdi khoang thy thai d ngudi phy nu chua cao Oli vdi cdc bi|n phdp trdnh thai, sinh vidn dd ed sy nhdn thuc tuang d i i d l y du, nhien chf dung Igi d chd nhgn bilt tdn cdc bien phdp trdnh thgi o l i chilu vdi nhgn djnh bgn d i u "sinh vien cd su nhin biet, hieu biet tdt vd vin dd sinh sin vi cic bipn phip trinh thai" thi kit qua khao sdt cho thIy diiu ndy chf dung mot phin o l i vdi cae benh lay truyin qua dudng tinh dye, ngogi tru cdc benh nhu HIV/AIDS, lau giang mai ed ty le sinh vidn bilt d i n ego thi cdc benh cdn Igi nhu nam Chlamydia, herpes (gidi leo sinh dpc), ty le sinh vien bilt d i n Igi khdng nhiiu Mgt khac, cd mot s l sinh vien mdu khao sdt nhIm l i n giua nhung benh ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye vd nhung benh khdng lay truyin qua dudng tinh due (nhu bpnh phong vd bpnh lao) Oilu cho thIy sinh vien v i n chua cd sy hiiu bilt d l y du v l cdc b#nh ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye o l i vdi kiln thuc phdng trdnh ldy nhidm HIV/AIDS, phin Idn sinh vidn da cd sy nhdn bilt, hiiu bilt dung v l each phdng tranh ldy nhidm l-IIV/AIDS Tuy nhien, vdn cdn mOt s l sinh vien chua trang bj d l y du kiln thuc v l HIV/AIDS cho ban than nen da dua cdch phdng trdnh l-IIV/AIDS khdng phu hop Nhu vdy, so vdi nhgn djnh "sinh vien cd si/ nhpn biet, hieu biet tdt ve - NHAN THU'C VE TlNH DUC AN TOAN cic b^nh liy truydn qua dudng tinh dpc" kit qud khdo sat cOng phdn anh mot thyc t l da dgng han vd d mOt muc dO hiiu bilt thip hon NguIn cung d p thdng tin v l cdc bi|n phdp trdnh thai vd HIV/AIDS hi|n rIt da dgng, nhidn sy tilp nhdn thdng tin d sinh vidn chu y i u t u cdc phuong ti|n truyin thdng dgi chung nhu sdch/bdo/tgp chi, tivi, radio, internet Cac nguIn khdc nhu gido vidn cha me, cdc t l chuc dodn/hOi vd chinh quyIn dja phuong chi ed anh hudng khidm t i n n l u khdng ndi la md nhgt Tam ly e nggi ti> cdc t)dn lien quan d i i vdi nhdng v i n d l nhgy cam nhu tinh dye nhlt Id t u phia ngudi tilp nhdn la trd nggi chinh cho vi|c thilu tham v i n cdc nguIn quan o l gdp phin nang cao nhgn thuc cua sinh vien v l v i n 6k quan he tinh dye an todn ddi hdi gia dinh nha trudng vd chinh quyIn (Ja phuang quan tdm han nua d i n cdng tdc tuyen truyin, gido dye nhdn thuc cho sinh vien v l v i n d l Cdc chuang trinh y t l d n khuyin khich thdi dO chia se tich cyc, d l phd vd cdc rao can tam ly e nggi, giup sinh vidn chu ding tim kiim, tilp nhdn cdc thdng tin, cdc tu v i n v l quan he tinh dye an todn, nhIm cd cupc sing tinh dye lanh mgnh, gn toan, trdnh nguy ca lay nhiim cdc benh ldy truyin qua dudng tinh dye va kha nang mang thai ngoai y muln • CHU THiCH ^ 'http://phunutoday.vn/xahoiol/doisong/201106/ Toc-do-pha-thai-o-gioi-tre-tang-theo-chieudung-dung-2035975/ ^^^ S l lidu khdo sdt (2011), Thuc trang nh$n thOc thdi dd vd vin dd quan hi tinh dijc an TRAN KIM NGOC - NHAN THU'C VE TlNH DUC AN T O A N 25 todn cue sinh vi6n hi$n (Qua khdo sdt t^i ky tuc xd trudng D^i hpc Ddng Thdp) Nguyin Quy Thanh 2006 Internet vi dinh hudng gii th cua sinh vidn vd tinh dijc trudc hdn nhin Tgp chi Xd hOi hpc S l 2(94) TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O Nguyin Thi Tuylt Minh 2004 Tim hidu nhu ciu thdng tin vd sue khde sinh sin vi thinh nidn qua nghidn cd'u thu gui vd chuong trinh "Cua sd tinh ydu" cua Dii tidng ndi Vipt Nam Tgp chi Xa hOi hpc S l 1(85) BO Y t l Viet Nam T i n g cyc Thing kd Viet Nam, Td chuc Y td T h i gidi (WHO), Quy Nhi ddng Lien Hop Qudc (UNICEF) 2003 Didu tra Qudc gia ve Vi thdnh nien vi Thanh nidn Viet Nam Hd NOi Bui Quynh Nhu 2007 Thanh thidu nidn nhdp cu d Hi Ndi: didu kidn sdng, nhdn thuc vi hinh vi cua ho ddi vdi SLK khde sinh san Tgp chi Xa hOi hpc S l 2(98) Oo Trpng H i i u Odng Thi Xudn Hoai Quan Le Nga Hd Phuang 2000 Sue khde sinh sin vi thinh nien vi nien 4.http://phunutoday.vn/xahoiol/doisong/2011 06/Toc-do-pha-thai-o-gioi-tre-tang-theochieu-dung-dung-2035975/ Lidn minh chdu Au (EC) Quy Dan so Lidn Hiep QuIc (UNFPA), Hdi K l hoach hod gia dinh Viet Nam (VINAFPA) va Marie Stopes International 2006 7a/ lieu Hudng din Sue khde sinh sin vi thinh nien nien Tap II (Tdi lieu tham khao) Ha Ndi Nguyin Vdn Nghi Vu Mgnh Loi, Ld Cy Linh, Nguydn Thanh Long 2011 Ydu td nguy ca, yeu td bio vd Hdn quan den quan hd tinh due d w thdnh nidn: Nghidn cuu dpc tai Chi Linh, Hii Duong Tap chi Xa hOi hpc S l 2(114) Td chuc Giao due, Khoa hpc vd Van hda cua Lidn Hap Quoc 2004 Tii lidu tdp huan giio sinh ve noi dung Gido due phdng, chdng HIV/AIDS 10 Sd lieu khao sat 2011 Thi/c trang nhpn thue, thdi dp vd vin dd quan he tinh due an todn cua sinh vidn hidn (Qua khao sdt tgi ky tuc xa trudng Oai hpc Odng Thdp) 11 Vu Hao Quang 2001 Dinh hudng gid th cua sinh vidn eon em cdn bd khoa hpc Oai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi {Tidp theo trang 52) D P dd, d n t h i i t phai dgt vide nghidn cuu khao cd hpc ndi ridng vd di san van hda ndi Chung treng b i i canh phdt t r i l n kinh t l xa hdi cua cae dia phuang, ed nhu vgy mdi ed t i m nhin vd c h i l n luoe bao ton di san van hda - d i i u kien vd mye dfch quan cua phdt t r i l n b i n vung • ...TRAN KIM NGOC - NHAN THU'C VE TJNH DUG AN T O A N dudng tinh due; cdc nguIn cung d p thdng tin lien quan d i n v i n d l quan he tinh dye an toan Mdt nhdn djnh khd p h i biln Id sinh vien... tham v i n cdc nguIn quan o l gdp phin nang cao nhgn thuc cua sinh vien v l v i n 6k quan he tinh dye an todn ddi hdi gia dinh nha trudng vd chinh quyIn (Ja phuang quan tdm han nua d i n cdng tdc... Toc-do-pha-thai-o-gioi-tre-tang-theo-chieudung-dung-2035975/ ^^^ S l lidu khdo sdt (2011), Thuc trang nh$n thOc thdi dd vd vin dd quan hi tinh dijc an TRAN KIM NGOC - NHAN THU'C VE TlNH DUC AN T O A N 25 todn cue sinh