THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
[ ^ • a i m i XAHOI NGHIEN cufu CAC YEU TO ANH Hl/dNGDEN QUYET OjNH LI/A CHON TRl/dfNG DAI HOC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO T H O N G KHU Vl/C MIEN BAC FACTORS AFFECTING UNIVERSITY ENROLLMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE NORTH OF VIETNAM Vu O'lnh Khoa, Nguyen Minh Phiftfng yeu to anh hudng den sU lua chpn trudng DH Ly thuyet ve sU lUa chon hpp ly smh (HS) trung hoc phd thdng khu vifa mien B3c, ap dung cat phUdng phip nghien ciJli dinh tinh va djnh dapc biet den nhu la ly thuyet laa chon lifOng.Ketqu^ cho thay, quyet djnh lu^ chpn truiingDH ciia HS phu thuoc vao4nhan to gdm: (f^/Vi5/i/c Clin hoac ly thuyet hanh dong Ly thuyet triidng BH 3ua thong tm ve trudng den v^ HS; (ii) Ca hoi viec lam vabgc tiip tuang lai trUdng; laa chon daa vao tien de cho ring (ill) Mng tin tiivan; (iv) TylechoL Til dd, l^c gii da de xuat mot so khuyen nghi giup cac tnfdng OH nam ngudi luon hanh dong mot each c6 bat dutJc mong muon, nguyen vong cua HS trung hpc phd thdng de cd t h i xay dimg chien liroc, ke hoach chCi dich, CO suy nghi de liia chon v^ sif tuyen sinh phii hop, dat hieu qui dung nguon liic mot each 1^ nhSm Tdkhda: hpc sinh; dai hoc; lu'a chon tru'dng dai hoc dat dapc ket quci toi da vdi chi phi tdi thieu.Theo Homans"Khi lifa chpn Abstract so cac hanh dong co the cd, ca nhan se The paper examines foctors affecting university enrollment of high school students in the North of chpn each ma hp cho la tich cua xac Vietnam conducting qualitative and quantitative methods Hie results show that the students enroll xuat cong cua hanh dong vdi in uiversities basing on factors namely (i) the effort of the universities to bring the student their own gia trj ma phan thudng cua hanh dong information, (ii) opportunities for jobs and further study after graduating, (Hi) consulting infomiatton, (iv) la Idn nhat Theo John Elster"Khld6i enrollment number Accordingly, recommendations are proposed to help universities be able to satisfy dien vdi mot so each hanh dong, moi the high school students'needs by building an appropriate and effective enrollment strategy and plan, ngadi thadng lam cai ima hp tin la c6 Key words: pupils; universities; selection universities kha nang dat dUdc ket qu5 cuoi ciing IliS Vu Dinh Khoa, ThS Nguyen Mmh Phuong tot nhat" Thuyet liia chpn ddi hdi phSi Ng^ynhSnb^J: 03/5/2014 Khoa Quan ly kinh doanh, Tnrcmg BH C6ng nghiep H^ Nai phan tich hanh ddng liia chpn cua ci Ngiydijp nhan dang: 05/6/2014 Email; ktioa hau1@gm3il.com nhan moi lien he vdi he thong xa hpi cua nd, bao gom Cci cac ca nhan 1.GI(3lTHieU kiem thi!f gia thuyet nghien cu'u ve cac khac vdi nhiJng nhu cau va sii mong Laa chon tru'dng OH noi rieng va nhom yeu to tac dong den quyet dinh dpi cua hp, k h i nang liia chpn va s3n Ilia chon nghe nghiep noi chung la mot laa chpn tradng DH cua HS trung hpc pham dau cua tCfng liia chpn ciing quyet djnh quan c6 tinh buciic thong khu viic mien Bac Ket qua cac dac diem khac Tinh "hpp ly", diioc ngoat cua HS trung hoc thong Co nghien cau cho thay, co tren nhom giai thich la muon si]f dung nhieu hon nhieu yeu to tac dong den viec quyet yeu td tac dong den viec quyet djnh mot hang hoa tot cdn dem lai Idi ich dinh lua chpn va mCfc tac dong laa chon trUdng OH cilia HS Md hinh tong quat ve liia chpn cua cac yeu to cung khac BSng DUf LliU VA PHl/ONG P H A P trudng DH cua HS da dapc D.W viec SLf dyng cac phaong phap nghien NGHIEN CQU Chapman xay dung cho thay, c6 cau dinh tinh va dinh luong, tac gia da 2.1 Ly thuyet ve sU lUa chon va Tom tit Bai bao trinh b^y nghien ciiu cac yeu to inh hifdng den quyet dinh lifa chpn trudng dai hoc (fiH) cila hoc TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE S o ECONOMICS-SOCIETYl Darh tieng cua iRrtmg BH Ctoneih„n„„,l„ Anh hiKrng boi cdc ca nhan khac ^.ajeaiimca '"°""""i" Hinh 1,Md hinh nghien cu'u Bang Cau true phieu khao sat va thang stt Noi dung Phan 1:Tinh hinh chon tnrcmg OH, CO Thdng tin doi tuong khao sat DifdinhsaulthiTNTHPT Phan 2: Yeu to anh hudng den viec chon trifcmg DH Nd li/c cua tri/ang OH dUa thdng tin den H5 Bac diem cua tru'dngflH Chat luong giang day Sac diem ciia ban than Cac ca nhan anh hudng den chon trudng DH Kha nang dap Ung monq ddi Kha nang trung tuyen vao trudng Phan 3: Dac diem HS va gia dinh nhdm y^u t o anh hUdng d e n quyet dinh lUa chon t r a d n g D H cua HS d d la: fiAgt Id, dac diem cua gia dinh va ca nhan HS; Hai Id, m o t so yeu t o ben ngoai cd ^nh hadng cu t h e n h a eac ea nhan cd anh hadng, cac dac diem co dmh ci!ia tradng OH va no liic giao tiep cua trudng OH vdi HS Phat trien nghien cifu cua D.W Chapman, Cabera va La Nasa da nhan m a n h , nhQng m o n g dpi v^ edng viec t r o n g tuang lai cua HS la mot nhom yeu t o quan trpng tac dong den quyet dinh iiia chpn t r a d n g DH va da daa m d hinh ba giai doan ve Ilia chpn t r a d n g D H cua HS TCf ket qua nghien cifu, Cabera va La Nasa nhan manh rang nhOng mong dpi v^ cong viec t r o n g t a o n g lai ciing la m o t nhdm yeu t o quan tac dong den quyet dinh laa chon t r a d n g D H cua HS So bien quan sat Thang 1 HStUdien Likert miic 6 LikertSmUcdo Likert mUc Likert mUc Likert mUc Lil(ert mUc LikertSmUcdo LikertSmUcdo Tren co sd t o n g h o p cac ly thuyet tren, tac gia da xay diing m d hinh nghien cufu (hinh 1) 2.2 G\& thuyet nghien cufu Tae gia da xay diing cac gia thuyet nghien eCfu, gom: Gid thuyet 1: No liic giao tiep, truyen tai thong tin vdi HS thong qua quang ba tren cae phaong tien thdng tin dai chung (td chCre sii kien, ta van hudng nghiep) ciia nha trudng se tac ddng den quyet dinh laa chpn tradng DH; Gid thuyet 2: Cac dac diem cua tradng DH nha nganh dao tao, Cd sd vat chat, ky tuc xa, vi tri dja ly., cang tot thi xu hudng chpn trudng cang cao; Gid thuyet 3: Danh tieng eua trudng DH, dpi ngu giang vien co trinh dp cao, nhiet tinh se hap dan HS lUa chpn lam noi hpc tap d trinh dp DH; Gid thuyet HS cd xu hudng liia chpn tradng DH diia tren co sd taong thich vdi dac diem eua ca nhan; Gid thuyet5: Quyet dinh laa chpn trUdng OH cua HS bianh hadng bdi caeca nhan khac nha y kien ta van, dmh hUdng cua thay/cd, bo me, anh chj em, ban be, chuyen gia ta van; G;dr/iuyet6;Cd hpi viec lam sau tot nghiep hay kha nang dap ang mong dpi cung la mot yeu td quan tac ddng den quyet djnh Ilia chpn tradng DH ciia HS; Gid thuyet 7: Phan dong HS ed hpc lac trung binh kha, t;^ le HS thac sii gidi va xuat sac thap, vi vay, trudng OH cd diem trung tuyen cang thap, cd hpi trung tuyen cang cao se cd nhieu HS liia chon 2.3 Phu'cmg phap nghien cliru Tac gia da sd dung ket hop hai phaong phap nghien cau dinh tinh va nghien cau dinh laong Nghien cufu dinh tinh, gom: tong hdp cd sd ly luan, xay dang mo hinh nghien eau, phdng van sau, hoan chinh lai md hinh, thang va kham pha nhQng van de mdi Tir dd, bang cau hdi dupc thiet ke, khao sat thCt tren quy md mau la 100 HS, sau dd hieu chinh lan cudi trade tien hanh nghien cQu dinh lapng pham vi rdng rai Nghien cifu djnh lapng vdi ky thuat thu thap dd lieu thdng qua dieu tra khao sat bang bang hdi Dii: lieu thu thap dapc diing de danh gia thang do, kiem dinh md hinh, gia thuyet nghien etfu Ndi dung phieu khao sat gom ba phan chinh {bang 1) 2.4 Mau nghien cuXi Quy md mau nghien ciJu dUpc thiic hien theo phuong phap chpn mau phi xac suat, cy the la chon mau theo phaong phap phan doan Theo phaong phap nay, tac gia da tap trung khao sat HS phd thong tai 20 tinh Mien Bac Kich thadc mau, theo J.F Hair va cong sa, 1998, ddi vdi phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA thi cd mau phai tdi thieu gap nam lan cac menh de thang Trong nghien cQu nay, cd tat ca 29 bien quan sat diing phan 5625.2014•TapdiJKHOAHOC&CQktt^HE WJSI'^ XA Hpi Bang Co cau phieu khao sat theo cac tinh/thanh sn T[nh/Thanh 10 11 Ha NDI HaTay(cu) Ha Nam Hal Di/ong Hung Yen BacNinh BScGiajig Laf Chau Lang Son Thai Nguyen Yen Bai So phieu Tyle(%) Stt Tinh/Thanh 107 77 10 36 31 19 38 19 13 52 16.0 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 50nU 11.5 1.5 5.4 46 2.8 S.7 2.8 1.9 7.8 1.0 Phu Tho Vinh Phuc Quang Ninh Lao Cai Hal Phong Nam Binh Ninh Binh Thai Binh Tong So phieu Tyle 20 25 18 37 23 35 66 16 18 30 3.7 2.7 5.5 3.4 52 99 24 27 667 100.1) hien sii quyet tam cua minh la nam khdng se tiep tuc on them de nam sau thi lai VI vay, mau nghien cau dSm bao tinh dai dien Yeu Tnmg binh Kha Hinh 2, Hoc life ci!ia HS Idp 12 tham gia tri Itii khaosat Bang Gia tn trung binh cua mot so bien lUdng Gia tri trung binh Ma Bien nghien c i ^ Do Trung Phuong iech binh sai chuan VL.6.1 Co hoi kiem tfi/oc viec lam sau tot nghiep 4,40 0,031 0,807 DD.2.3 Hoc phi phi hop vdi dieu kien kinh te gia ^inh 4,37 0,032 0,819 CL.3.2 Boi ngu giang vien tot (trinh flo chuyen mon cao, nhiet 4.32 0,033 0,851 DD.2 Co sd vat chat phuc vu tot cho sinh vien theo hoc 4,31 0,032 0,838 BT.4.2 Tru6ng co nganh nghe dao tao phu hop vOi ban than 4,27 0,030 0,783 DD.24 Che dp hoc bong va cac chinh sach tru dai cho Sinh vien theo hoc 4,26 0,031 0,789 3,61 0,036 0,924 0,910 NT.5 huyet ] Lbi khuyen cua ngudi da hoac dang hoc tap tai trudng gidi thieu NT.5.3 Do ldl khuyen cua thay/co tiong trudng PTTH 3,60 0,035 NT5.2 Doldikhuyencuaanhchitronggiadlnh 3,48 0,039 NT.5.1 Do cha me dmh hudng nganh hoc trudng hoc 3,34 0,039 1,004 NT.5.4 Y kien cua ban be 3,05 0,029 0,747 tich n h a n t d , d o vay c d m a u tdi t h i e u c a n d a t la: * ^ 145 q u a n sat D d i vdi hoi q u y da bien thi c d m a u toi thieu c a n d a t la: 50 + * m ( t r o n g d o m la sd b i e n d d c lap) T r o n g n g h i e n cufu n a y c o b i e n d p c lap, vi v a y e d m a u t d i t h i e u c a n d a t la: 50 + * = 106 q u a n sat T d n g h p p hai p h U O n g p h a p x a c d i n h c d m a u tren, kich t h a d e m a u toi thieu d a o c y e u c a u la: 106 q u a n sat Tac g i a t i e n h a n h k h a o sat 6 q u a n sat 3.K^TQUANGHl£NCCru 3.1 Md tci m i u nghien c i ^ Qua trinh dieu tra daoc thiic hien thang va nam 2013, doi taong tien hanh kh^o sat la 721 HS phd thdng 1,014 idp 12 chuan bi tham gia ky thi tuyen sinh DH, CD nam 2013 Sau nhap dQ lieu va xuf ly sd bd bang phan mem SPSS, cdn 667 phieu hpp le dUpc dUa vao phan tich Cd cau phieu khao sat daoc md ta bang 3.2 Ket qua phan tich tfnh dai dien ciJa mau nghien cihi Ket qua dieu tra eho thay, HS cd hpc liic Kha va Gidi tham gia tra Idi phdng van chiem 84% {hinh 2), vi day la nhCfng HS ed mong muon tiep tuc theo hpc d cap trinh dp cao hon, la doi tUdng cd nhieu kha nang se tham gia ky thi tuyen sinh DH, CD Ket qua tra Idi phdng van cung cho thay, nhieu HS the 16 TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE So 3.3 Vai tro cua cac yeu to dnh hudng den quyet ftjnh lira chon tru'dng Gia trj trung binh cOa cac bien nghien ciJru (bang 3) cho th^y, HS trung hpc phd thdng mien B§e danh gia cao, au tien liia chon trudng DH ma sau tot nghiep ed nhieu cO hdi viec lam; hpc phi phu hpp vdi dieu kien hoSn canh gia dinh, dpi ngu gi^ng vien c6 trinh dp chuyen mdn cao, cd sd vlt chat phuc vu tdt eho sinh vien theo hoc Cae bien ladng nha Idi khuyen cua anh chj gia d'inh; cha me dinh hudng nganh hpc, tradng hpc; y ki^n cua ban be cd gia trj trung binh thap han cho thay, cac yeu to khdng gay anh hadng nhieu den quyet djnh chon tradng cua HS mien Bk 3.4 Phan tich nhan to kham phi EFA Bang KMO va Bartlett'sTest Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy «70 5610, Bartlett'sTest of Spheiidty Approx Chi-Square df Sig 051 m 000 Ket qua phan tich nhan to cho thtly, gia tri cua trj sd KMO = 0,870 (0,5 KfvlO 0,6 Co sa khac biet cd y nghTa thong ke danh gia tam quan eua yeu td "Co hdi viec lam sau tradng" giQa cac nhdm HS theo hpc luc HS cd hpc lac Yeu it quan tam den Co hoi viec lam sau trudng so vdi cae nhom ddi tuong khac (M: 3,5 so vdi 4,24 cua nhdm HS cd hoc lac Kha) sa danh gia Tap ^Iliijfcil BSng Ket qua danh gia tin tay cua thang cac khai niem nghien cilu Scale Mean if Scale Variance Corrected Item- Cronbach's Alpha if Item Item Deleted if Item Deleted Total Correlation Deleted Bac aiem cua trirdnq BH:HesoCronbacll'sAiplia = 0.787 0D2.5 25.35 11.563 498 762 0D2.4 25.16 10.840 634 736 DD2.3 25 04 11.651 458 770 DD26 25.34 11.081 502 763 757 DD2.2 2510 11.445 527 CL3.3 25.40 11.961 436 774 CL3.2 25.10 11.536 543 754 No liic ciia tutting BH difa thong tin ve tri/dnq den vdi HS: He so Cronbacii's Alpha = 0,745 NL1.3 15.984 6.091 629 654 NL1.4 16094 6185 561 680 NL1.2 15.823 7.062 488 709 NL1.5 15.892 6.523 469 717 NLl.l 15.757 7.088 410 735 Co hoi viec iam va hoc tiep tirong iai ithi trirdng: He so Cronbach's Alpha = 0.744 747 3.866 412 654 3.841 618 636 VL6.1 12.36 4.921 VL6.2 12.60 VL6.3 12.65 »L6.4 12.67 4.095 481 616 721 Sif phii hdp nganh hoc vdi ban than HS: He so Cronbach's Alpha = 0.643 8T4.1 16.72 4.628 451 564 DD2.1 16.74 4.807 374 600 BT4.2 16.72 4.507 465 555 TT7.2 16.87 4.853 361 606 CL31 16.89 846 332 621 Cac ca nhan i n h hudng den viec chon trirdng BH cua HS: He so Cronbach's Alpha = 0.725 NTS 10.00 5.266 596 619 NT51 10.13 4.939 501 677 NT5.3 9.87 5.655 499 674 NI5.4 10.42 5.376 477 686 Thong tin tir van: He so Cronbach's Alpha = 0.581 NT5.6 7.55 2.609 413 444 NTS.S 7.51 2.328 459 366 CL3.4 7.24 3.056 m 597 Bang He so Sig so sanh stf khac biet ve ket qua danh gia ciia cac nhom dm tifOng khao sat khac Miilcy nghia (Siq.) Gidi tinli Hoclirc Noi sinli Dacdilmcu3tnfcfnqBH{Fi) 0,003 0,054 0,000 No luc cua trirdnq DH dua tliong tin ve trirOng den vdi HS (F]) 0,110 0,265 0,780 Co hoi viec lam va hoc tiep tdonq lai B tnrcmg (Fj) 0,683 0,021 0,000 Sir phii hop nganh hoc veil ban than HS [h] 0,420 0,000 0,019 Cac ca nhan anh hifdng den viec chon trddng DH cua HS (F5) 0,580 0,000 0,000 Thong nn tif van (Ft) 0,154 0,290 0,051 Tylechoi(F?) 0,255 0,103 0,625 Nhan to 8 TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE S o cung khdng dong deu cCia nhom ddi taong HS yeu the hien d dd lenh chuan cao hon (SD; 0,866) (b^ng 10) • Stf khac biet danh gi^ tim quan doi v6i yeu to "Sif phii hap nganh hoc vdi bdn than HS"gitia cac nhom HS theo hoc lUc HS cd hpc luc Gidi it quan tam den sU phu hcjp nganh hpc vdi b^n than (M: 4,08) (bang 11), bdi vi HS Gidi thudng ta tin vao kha nang lua chpn va khei nang thich dng nganh dao tao ma ho da laa chpn • Suf khac biet dinh gia tim quan trpng doi v6i yeu to"Ci nhdn i n h hudng den viec chon trUdng QH ciia HS" giufa cac nhom HS theo hoc luc HS cd hoe lac Gidi rat eoi trpng 161 khuyen cua ngadi than laa chon trudng (M: 3,60) (bang 12) hdn so vdi HS cd hoc luc Kha va Trung binh, vi vay, hpcan nhac trudc quyet dinh li/a chon trudng da thi daa theo yeu td ntiy • Su khac biet danh gil tam quan doi vdi cac yeu to "Die diem cOa trUcfng DH; Ccf hoi viec lam; Su phu htfp nganh hoc vdi bdn than HS; Ca nhan i n h hUdng den viec chon trudng DH cua HS" gitira cic nhom HS theo noi sinh Cd sU khac biet giaa HS ndng thdn va HS d p h d HS d nong thdn co su quan tam ve cae yeu td "Dac di^m tradng DH, cd hpi cd viee lam tradng, sU phii hop nganh hpc" nhieu hon so vdi HS d phd HS d thSnh phd chiu anh hudng cua yeu td "Cac ci nhan anh hudng den viec chpn triicfng DH cua HS"nhieu hon so vdi HS d nong thdn (bang 13,14) 3.7 Hoi quy da bien Ket qu^ phan tich cho thay, F = 47,586 va p(F) = 0,00 < 0,05 (bSng 15) vl vay, cd the khlng djnh ton tai moi quan he giCra cae bien nghien cufu PhSn tich hdi quy da bien cho thay, quyet dinh chpn trudng DH cua HS phu thupc vao nhan td (b^ng 15, 16) Khi dd tim vi ECONOMICS-SOCIETYl pham cac gia thiet hdi quy tuyen Bang 9, Ket qua phan tich Anova theo gidi tinh doi vdi yeu to "Bac diem cua tru'dng BH" N Trung binli Do ledi cliuan Phurnig sai m 400 "Im 267 4,25 fong cong m Gidi han iltrdi 02) 558 tinh thi hau het cac gia dinh deu thda Khoang tin cay 95% for Mean man, rieng gia dinh phaong sai cua sai GiOi Iran tren 4,20 4,31 sd l
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