Một số vấn đề cơ chế đối với hoạt động khoa học của trí thức trẻ qua khảo sát các tổ chức khoa học và công nghệ ở Hà Nội.pdf

xa hgi hgc sd (134) 2016 ^^ MOT SO VAN DE CO CHE DOI VOI HOAT DONG KHOA H9C CUA TRI THU'C T R E Q U A KHAO S A T C A C TO CHlTC KHOA HOC vA CONG NGHE H A N O I DANG VO CANH LINK' Dat van de Sy nghiep cflng ngbifp hda, hifn dai hda dit nudc hifn ludn dfli hfli phdi chd frpng den vifc tich cyc doi mfli tu sdng tao, tang cudng diu tu, phat triln cde nguIn lyc ngudi hudng den tri thuc hda cdc boat dfng phdt triln kinh tl - xa hpi Trong boi cdnh hogt ddng khoa hpc, vai tid vd hogt dpng thyc tien ciia dpi ngu tri thflc khoa hpc vd cdng nghf tre ngdy cang dupc khdng djnh, thu hflt sy quan tdm cfla cdc nhd hogch djnh chinh sach, cac cd nhdn, td chflc dang qudn ly vd sfl dyng nguon nhdn lyc nay, viec tilp tuc nghien cuu, xay dyng moi truflmg thudn lgi, thuc ddy kha nang lao ddng, sdng tao, cing hiln cda tri thflc khoa hpc cdng nghf tre, giup hp cdi thifn trinh df hpc vin, chuyen mdn, phat huy ndng Iyc tri tue, phim chit dgo dflc Id mft ttong nhflng vin dl quan ttpng va can thigt • Tren thi gifli, dd cfl nhilu cflng tiinh nghien cflu lien quan din vaifrdcfla tii thflc nfli chung va tri thflc tre ndiriflngtionghogt dfng khoa hpe vd cflng nghf Tu nhihig ndm gin gifla tbi ky XX, John Bemal (1938) da nhin mgnh rfl vj tri, vai ttd vd chflc ndng cfla hogt dpng khoa hpc ciing nhu tim quan ttpng cua vifc phat trien cdc ngufln nhan lyc khoa hgc ttong xd hgi hifn dai cho rdng "tri thicc Id ngudn luc quan trgng nhdt di phdt triin khoa hoc cdng nghe "• va "ld%oa hgc cdng nghi lgi la ngudn luc quan trgng nhdt de thitc ddy sir tdng truang kinh ti xa hpi" (UNESCO, 1970) Srivastava (1997) da nhin nhdn tti tbflc nfli rieng vd ngudi ndi chung bao gIm thi lyc, tri tuf, ky ndng nghl nghifp Id mpt ngufln vdn quan frgng, cd kha ndng sdn sinh cfla cdi vgt chat vd ldm quoc gia phdn thjnh Tilp can tfl gdc dp kinh tl,flngcho rdng cflng tactimkiem, phdt hifn, ddu tu chuygn gia cfl ty If thu hfli vin cao, vin ngudi cdng sfl dyng thi gid trj cang tdng Ign, Bgn canh do, ddu tu cho von ngufli, diu tu cho nhan tai se tgo hifu flng dau tu ldn vi vfln cua nhflm ndy mang tinh sang tgo, ty phdt huy tiem nang vd tgo ngn sy phdt triln md cac nguIn vdn khdc khflng cd CJ Vift Nam, Pham Tdt Dong (1995) da hf thing lgi nhihig quan dilra ca bdn vl fri thdc, phdn tich nhihig ddc tnmg ciia tri thflc, tinh hinb phdn bo ca cdu va boat dpng cfla dpi ngu tri thflc thdi ky dau Ddi mdi Cdng trinh khdng djnh hoat dpng nghien cihi khoa hoc vd sang tao la mpt tiong nhung d^c tnmg ca bdn cfla fri thflc Dam Ddc Vupng ' Kf^rt Nghien cmi Triryen thong va Phdt trien 64 MQI SO van de ca che ddi vdi hogt ddng khoa hgc (2014) nghiln ciru gidi phdp phdt huy tifm ndng ciia tri fluic, cho ring Vift Nam muln phat trien tit phdi dya vdo ylu tl: (1) nguoi tri thdc ty phan diu, ty nang cao trinh df de khdng ngimg vucm Ifn, (2) xdy dung hf thong chinh sdch dli vfli tri thitc nhu chlnh sach ddo tgo, bii duflng, sil dung tri thiic, ttpng dyng nhan tdi, (3) xdy dung hf thing to chile dli vdi tri thitc nhu tl chiic cdc trudng ddo tgo tri thiic, to chile cdc td ehiic nghifn citu khog hpc, to chile bf mdy vd phucmg tifn ldm vifc cho tri thitc Nhitog cdng trinh nghien cftu cug Nguyen Hilu Tdng (2007), Nguyin Tiln Luong (2007) vd Hd Vdn Vinh (2012) da chiing minh dfi ngO tti thirc dang cd sy phat triln nhanh chflng ve so lupng, sy phdn bd da dang ve nganh nghl, ITnh vyc hoat ddng, dam nhifm nhiing nhifm vy khdc nhau: tir tham muu, giiip vifc lanh dgo, thyc hifn nghien citu khoa hpc cho den tryc tiep dng dyng, chuyin giao cdng nghf phdt triln kinh tl - xd hfi Cdc cflng trinh ndy ciing phdn tich nhiing han chf ve co che, clu'nh sach dli voi tri thiic, khuyen nghj cin hodn thifn cliinh sdch bfli dudng, ddo tao, ca chf ddi ngf tri thiic, ca chl ddm bdo quyln ddn chd vd tu tu tuflng dfli voi tri thiic, ndng cao chit lupng chinh sdch vd CO chf qudn 1^ khoa hpc Ttin Hing Luu (2009) tiep can tri thiic qua vifc phdn tich bdn chit, ciu true ciia tri fluic khoa hpc, vai trd cua tri thirc khoa hpc ttong ddi sdng xd hfi, nghien ciiu cdc gidi phap ling dyng tri thiic khca hpc ttong thyc tiln phdt triln dit nuflc Tde gid da chi nhieu su bit hpp l^ ttong hogt dfng qudn \^ tri thiic d nudc ta nhu ngn thua thiy, thifu thp, tinh ttgng lao dfng "chay", tinh ttang nghifn ciru khoa hpc "xip tu", tinh trgng lao dfng tri thiic ttf thit nghifp lam khflng diing ngdnh nghe, qud ttinh ddo tgo tri thdc mdt cdn dli giiia cdc ITnh vyc, ddo tgo ndng vf ly thuyft, ban lam, thieu thyc hanh Nhu vgy, da cfl nhieu cflng trinh nghifn ciiu frong va ngoM nudc tir cip df ly luan dfn thyc tiln, tilp cdn chuyfn nganh va tifn nganh ximg quanh chu de vai tto ciia tri thdc hogt dpng khpa hpc va cdng nghf, nhifn cdn thifu nhitog cdng trinh lay tri thurc khoa hpc cflng nghf ttf la dfli tupng nghien ciiu true tilp Vfli myc tifu nghien cim, ddnh gid chinh sach vd co chl qudn ly cua cdc td chuc hogt dfng nghifn cilu khoa hpc cua tri thdc tie hifn nay, cac phan tich bdi vilt ndy sii dyng sfl lifu dilu fra 608tiifliuc\ii lam vifc tai cdc tl chiic khoa hpc vd cflng nghf dupc tach ratiungbf sl lifu dilu tra dl tdi "Nghien cHu giai p h ^ phdt huy tilm ndng cua dfi ngiitiithilc ttf trfn dja bdn Hd Nfi" Vifn Nghifn ciru Trayin thong vd Phdt friln (fliufc Lifn hifp cac Hfi Khoa hpc vd kyfliudtVift Nam)fliuchifn vao ndm 2011 Bfn cgnh dfl, bdi vilt ding sil dyng cdc kit qud nghifn ciru djnh tinh, phflng vin sdu, phan tich tdi lifu dfl cfl vifc thu lliap va phantich501^ Ijch khoa hpc cuattifliilctt^fliuchifnfronghai ndm 2013-2014 Khdi nifm tri thiic trf Cfl khd nhilu quan nifm hay djnh nghTa vl tii flnic Theo Phgm Tit Dong (1995), fri fluic id nhitog ngufli cfl tiinh dp dgi hpc (cfl bing) va nhitog ngufli cfl trinh df tirong duong dai hpc nhung khdng cd bing, hp hpc tir fliyc tiln cufc sing Theo flng, bi fliiic gin vdi hpc vin nhung bdng cip khflng phdi la cdn cii chi ylu vd nhit df xdc dinh vd djnh danh cho ngucri tri thiic Dgng va Cdnh Linh 65 Ddm Ddc Vupng (2014), sau phdn tich hdng logt cdc djnh nghla vl tii thUc, dd dua 10 lugn dilm quan frpng dl xac djnh tri thitc cho cdng trinh nghifn cuu ciia minh Theo dng, tri thuc la nguoi: lao dfng fri flc; trinh df hpc vin cao; cfl cing hiln chit xdm cho xd hfi; cfl nhitog sdng kiln, phdt minh, cdng trinh nghifn ciiu khoa hpc; song cd nhdn each; khflng ea hfi; bilt ddo tao, giup da, ndng da ding nghifp; bilt gin ly ludn vfli thyc tien; cfl tu dfc lap vd cfl chlnh kiln ro rdng; bilt hfla dflng dfli sflng rifng tu ciia minh vdo ddi sdng cfng dflng xa hfi Tuy nhifn thyc tl, rdt khd xde djnh tit cd cdc tigu ehi chpn mau Ichdo sat xa hpi hpc Tri flnic tte Id tri thirc cfl cfl df tufli gidi hgn ndo dd, tiiy theo nghien ciiu hgy bii cdnh cy thi Thyc tl cho thdy, tir gdc df tilp can khdc ciia cdc ehu thi qudn ly va cdc ngdnh khoa hpc, khai nifm "thanh nien" hay khdi nifm "tre" dupc xdc djnh khd khdc vl df tiifli (Dang Vu Cdnh Linh, 2003; 2011) Thuc tl cho thiy qua trinh xd hfi hda nien ddi hay ngdn cdn phu thupc vdo dilu kien va trinh df phdt triln cua mfli xa hpi Trong xa hfi truyen thflng, vifc xd hfi hfla lao dfng nien ttong lao dfng ndng nghifp cfl till dupc kit thuc tir rit sdm, nhung dli vdi xd hpi hifn dai, vdi nhflng khdi lupng tri thdc va ky ndng vl nghl nghifp khflng lfl thi giai dogn nifn cdn hpc hfli, thich dng hda nhgp vd kifn tgo gid trj lgi ddi hem Dd cd thi dupc coi Id nguiri dgt nguflng truflmg thdnh vf mgt xd hfi, d difm xd hfi hda cudi ciing kft thuc df tufli nifn, ddc bift Ichi gdn vfli logi hinh Iao dfng tti thdc phai dgt ngudng it nhat HI 40ttifli(Ddng Vu Cdnh Linh, 2008,2011) Trong bdi vilt ndy, dua frfn nhung quan dilm tifp cgn nghien cilu nien va logi hinh lao dfng dac thii ciia tri thdc tie, tri thuc tte dupc khai nifm la nhiing ngudi cfl ttinh dd dgi hpc trd Ifn, d dp tudi ttr 21 den 40 Ngoai ra, tri thiic trf hogt dpng khoa hpe va eflng nghf dupc hilu la nhflm tri thitc tre dang ccng tac tgi cac ca quan, tfl chiic hfn quan tryc tifp din nghifn cuu khoa hpc vd cdng nghf (khong bao gflm nguoi lao dfng nghe thudt, hay lyc lupng vii trang, lam kinh doanh, budn bdn, lao dpng ty ) Mot so ket qua dilu tra vl co chl dli vdi hogt dfng khoa hpc ciia tri thirc tre tgi cdc to chiic khoa hgc vd cong nghe hifn 3.1 vi nhu cau vd iy lua chpn nai ldm vifc vd cdng tdc tuyen dttng tri thiiv tre Theo kit qud dilu fra 608 tri thdc frd vdi 13 chi bdo trinh bdy frong Bang thi hiu hit cac gid trj dupc sfl dflng tri thiic fre lya chpn la cdc gid trj thupc vf ddc thu cua ca quan, tfl chile, noi lam vifc Ty If chi bdo dupc trifluictre lya chpn cao nhit Id "quan hf ding nghifp tit" (66,0%), tifp din gid tri "quan hf ldnh dgo vd nhan vifn tit" (65,6%), "mfli truimg ldm vifc chuyfn nghifp" (51,5%) vd "co quan phdt trifn dfc Ifp tu ehu" (51,1%) Cdc gid tii cd ty If duoc chpn thip nhit ttong 13 gid trj dua Id "mdi truomg hpi nhap quflc tl" (22,6%) vd "mdi trudng ldm vifc cgnh ttanh" (27,9%) Kit qua ndy phdn dnh cdc gia trj cdt loi ttong djnh hudng nghf nghifp vd md hinh ldm vifc cua tri thitc tre hien dupc sf ddng lya chpn thufc vl gia tri ngudi, cdc mdi quan hf cdng sd chd chua phdi la cdc vin dl cflng nghf, thuomg hifu, tmh cgnh ttanh, hay hpi nhgp quflc te 66 Mpt so vdn de ca che doi vdi hogt dgng khoa hgc Bing I Bing gii trj djnh hudng tri tbfrc trt ^ ch^n noi lim vi$c £>an Vf: Cic gii tri Co quan phit triln dfc lap, t\r chii** M6i truimg Iim vi^c chuySn nghi?p** Quan h^ Iinh d^o • nhin viSn t6t Quan h$ d6ng nghi$p t6t* Ludn d6i mdi trang thilt bi cong ngh$* Lu6n y thdc vl thucmg hi9u to chile*** T6n khich hing thi truimg*** D I cao ning dfng, sing tao** Thudng ph^t cdng bing M6i truimg Iim vi^c canh tranh*** B I nhi^m, su dyng quin Iy tr£* H6 tn? tnrc tilp cho tri thdc tr* * Mdi mrdng hfi nhdp quic tl* Md hinh to chdc Nhi nudc DNKHCN 39,2 59,4 41,7 58,3 61,6 67,3 61,6 68,9 24,8 39,0 20,4 44,1 20,9 59,1 44,5 53,5 42,2 41,3 18,5 39,0 28,0 35,0 27,5 28,7 19,9 24,0 NOO 57,9 57,9 72,4 69,0 34,5 39,7 41,4 53,4 43,1 13,8 36,2 37,9 25,9 51,1 51,5 65,6 66,0 32,8 34,0 41,7 49,9 41,9 27,9 32,3 29,3 22,6 Ghi chu: Muc dg kiem dinh *p