Cd CHE Till CHiNH flOl Vfli HOAT DONG KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE ai^CIRIiGfllUHIIGTRlClilGBflGlilDDliGVililADllilONIIllOilHIiNiY ThS, NGUYiN THj KI^U OANH 1 Chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc CO l[.]
Cd CHE Till CHiNHflOlVfli HOAT DONG KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE ai^CIRIiGfllUHIIGTRlClilGBflGlilDDliGVililADllilONIIllOilHIiNiY ThS, N G U Y i N THj KI^U O A N H Chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha Chinh phu phe duyet Oe an phal Irien thi trudng nudc CO lien quan den co che tai chinh doi vdi cdng nghe; Nghj quyet sdl4/2005/QO-CP 2/ hoat dpng khoa hoc vacong nghe(KH&CN)trong 11/2005 cua Chinh phu phe duyet v l ddi mdi cO cac trudng dal hoc (DH) true thupc Bg GD-DT ban va loan dien giao due OH Viel Nam giai dogn 2006-2020; Lual So huu tri tue (2005) va eae van giaidoan nhung nam doi mdi Nhung nam dd'i mdi vCfa qua, Oang va Nha nudc ban hudng din thyc hien luat; Luat chuyen giao da ban hanh nhilu van ban nham dd'i mdi cache tai cong nghe (2006) va eac van ban hudng dan thye chinh cho KH&CN noi chung, dd'i vdi cae trudng OH higr lugl, Thdng tu lien tich sd93/2006/TTLT'BTCndirieng.Cd thineu len mot sdvan ban chu ylu lien BKHCN 4/10/2006 hudng din che dp khoan kinh phieuadelai, duan KH&CN st/dung NSNN; quan den van de nhu sau: LualKH&CNva Nghj dmh sd81/2002/NO-CP Nghidjnhsdl59/25064/NO-CPngay31/8/2004cua 17/10/2002 quy dinh chi tilt thi hanh mdt so Chinh phu ve hoat ddng thdng tin KH&CN; Nghj dilu cija Luat KH&CN, Luat Giao dye va Nghj dinh sd 133/2008/NO-CP 31/12/2008 eua djnh cua Chinh phu hudng din thi hanh Luat Giao Chinh phuquy dinh chi tiet vahudng dan thi hanh due; Nghj quylt Trung UOng (Khoa VIII) ve djnh mdt sd dieu eiia Luat chuyen giao cdng nghe; huting chien lupc phatlrien GD-OT va dinh hudng Nghjdjnh sdao/20l6/NO-CP 14/7/2010cua phatlrien KH&CN thdi k] CNH,HOH dat nude; Chinh phuquy djnh v l hop tac, dau tu dd'i vol nha Quyel djnh (QO) sd 82/2001/QO-TTg 24/5/ nudctfong finh vye KH&CN; QOsd49/QO-TTg 2001 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu v l viee phe duyet 19/7/2010 eua Thu tudng Chinh phu v l viec phd phuang hudng, mitc tieu, nhiem vu KH&CN chu yeu duyet danh muc cdng nghe cao dupe uu lien dau tu vadanh mue cae chuong trinh KH&CN trpng diem phat trien va danh muc san pham cdng nghe eao cap Nha nude giaidoan nam 2001-2005; QO sd dupc Ithuyln khich phatlrien, , 201/2001/QO-TTgngay28/12/2001 ciia Thu tudng Nhung van ban phap li rai quan trpng, tao dieu Chinh phu v l viec phe duyet 'Chien lupc phat trien kien dSmavatJngdmg vao thut: lien hoat ddng KH&CN giao due 2001- 2010": QD i 363/QO-Ttg 17/ eiJaeaetardngOH,datOng budc cdi trdi, thao gdnhung 10/2001 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet d l an khdkhanchoeaclrudngOH,tao dilu kien chocac tn/dng "Dua cac npidung bao ve moi trudng vao he thong huy ddng ngudn tai chinh dau tucho KHSCN, giao due qua; dan')Hg\)\6'mhA3/2006IHQ-CP Nguon tai chinh dd'i vdi hoat dpng KH&CN 25/4/2005 quy dinh quyln tychu, luchiu traeh nhiem tu ngan sach Nha nudc (NSNN) ve thyc hien nhiem vu, tochLrc bd may, bien c h l va Theo eae van ban hien hanh cua Nha nude, dau tai chinh do'i vdi dan vj cdng lap; Oieu le trudng OH lu tLf NSNN eho KH&CN bao gdm vdn dau tu phat da duac ban hanh theo QO sd 58/2010/QO-TTg trien va kinh phi su nghiep 22/9/2010 cua Thu tUdng Chinh phu; QO sd 1} Vd'n dau tuphat trien nhkm xay dung ca ban 171/2004/QO-TTg 28/9/2004 cua Thii tudng cactdchLJc KH&CN nhudilu tra caban KH&CN,dau Chinh phu phe duyet De an ddi mdi eo ehe quan li tutrangthi^bi, nang capcae tochuc KH&CN Nhung KH&CN; Nghj djnh sd 115/2005/ND-CP 5/9/ nam gan day, vd'n dau tu phat trien chiem trung binh 2005 cijaChinh phuquy dinh COehltyehu,lychiu 37,2% td'ng dau tu cho KH&CN; ti trpng vd'n diu tU trach nhiem cua td chtj'c KH&CN edng lap; 0 sd 114/2005/QO-TTg 30/8/2005 cua Thu tUdng *Bp Giao ilucvailaa tao (ki2-7/2013)- Tap chi Gido due so 314 n phattrientrongtdng dau tucho KH&CN tang iien tyc, nghiep va phat triln non^ thdn dy(?c Nha nudc diu tu cho KH&CN cao nhSt (chilm 9,35% giai doaii' ti>31,1 % nSm 2001 Iln ldi 41 % n6m 2005 2) Kinh phi sir nghiep khoa hpc (SNKH) duac 2001 - 2005), tiep theo la Viln KH&CN Viet Nam chia hai bd phan la kinh phi SNKH khu vyc (7,3%), Bd Cdng nghiep (3,75%), Vien Khoa hpc xa Trung uang vakinh phi cho SNKH ctja cac hpi Viet Nam (3,54%), Bp GD-OT (4,49%), B6 Quoc (nhung nam 2001 -2005 nguon chilm trung binh phong (2,25%) Bp Xay dung (1,74%), Bp Y te (1,81%), Bp Thuy san(1,8%) 62,8% tdng dau tucho KH&CN) Cac bd, nganh da t§p trung tren 70% kinh phi si/ a) Kinh phi SNKH khu vuc Tmng uang dupc can nghiep khoa hoc de diu tu cho cac nhiem vy nghien ddi cho npi dung: cuu-triln khaicapBaSdkinhphiconlaiduacphSn bo -Chi cho cac nhi&nvu KH&CN cap Nha nudt gom: cac Chuong trinh KH&CN va khoa hpc xahpi cap Nha chocacnhi^mvuKH&CNcapbdkhacnhuthdng&itif nudc; Cae de tai, duan KH&CN ddc ISpcap Nha nudc; lieu KH&CN, edng tac tiSu chuan lucng chit lupng, Cac nhiem vy nghien ctJu caban Hnh vyc khoa hpc hpp tac qudc l i v e KH&CN, Tuy nhien, tinh trang cac tu nhien; Cae nhiem vu hpp tac nghien cOu theo Nghj bp, nganh can da kinh phi dan trai chua tap tnjng rfio dinh thuki vdi nudt ngoai; Cae nhiem vutuugiUquygen; cac nhigm vu KH&CN trpng tam, trpng diem cdn k l ^ Ho tfp doanh nghiep nghien ctiu khoa hpc (NCKH); phdbien, cac bd, nganh chua thut suquan tim d ^ Chuong trinh xay dyng cac md hinh Ong dyng KH&CN hieu quadau lu hoat ddng nghien cuu- triln k h ^ ' b) Kinh phi SNKH cap tinh ph^6uqc ^ ' phiic vu phat trien KT-XH ndng thon- mien nui; Quan li nha nudc ve bao ve mdi trudng; Phat trisn thi tn;dng trung chi cho cac ndi dung sau: NCKH vaphattifm cdng nghe Ngoai cdn si/dung cho mot sd nhiem vu cdng nghe cap tinh, Ihanh phd; Cac de tai NCKH vJ KH&CN cap Nhanudc khae,nhu:eaegiaithudng HoChi trien khailhyc nghiem; Cae duan san xuatthi}nghiefn Minhvagiaithudng Nhanudc,cap kinh phichoQuybao e£^tinh,thanhphdnhuap dung cacthanh tyu KH&CN ve mdi tn/dng va Quy phat triln KH&CN, hd tra khie vao san xuait va ddi sdng; Oanh gia trinh dp cong nghe, tham djnh edng ngheva mdi tn/dng cac dyaA phiic hgu qua 10 lut eho eac dja phucrng dau tu; Bao ve mdi tardng; Cdng tac lieu chuan HQ Nguon taichinh dau tu eho eae nhiem vu KH&CN ludng chit lupng; Cdng lac thdng tin KH&CN; Cong cap Nha nude edxu the tang, phan anh viec bude dau tac sd huu tri tue; Cdng tac tra KH&CN; Cong thyc hien chti tarang cua Nha nudc la uu lien va tap tac hc^tacqudcteveKH&CN;Tang cudng rang luc tntng dau tucho cac nhiem vu KH&CN trpng diem eua quan li Nha nudc cho cae sd KH&CN, NhiJng nam Nha nudc Tuy nhien, miJc dau lu van cdn kha gan day chi cho mdt sd ndi dung mdi nhu: quanli khiem tdn trongtd'ng dau tucho KH&CN.Dieu cho KH&CN cap huyen quan li v i a n toan birc xa thJ^cache"baoe^"trong dau tucho hoat dpng KH&CN cOa cac bp, nganh van ehua dupe dd'i mdi dang ke Kinh phi SNKH cua cac linh phd 10 - Chihdtracac nhiem vu KH&CN cap Bo, ngudn tai ehinh ti> NSNN cap cho cac chuang trinh, d l tai, duan KH&CN elp Bd; Hogt ddng thdng tin, lieu chuan de ludng ehat luang, sd hUu cdng nghiep, hop tacqudcle, cap Bd;Oau tutrang thiet bj nghien euu eho eac co quan khoa hpc cdng nghe; Chdng xudng cap eho cae eo quan KH&CN; Chi hpp tae qudetl, mua saeh bao KH&CN cho bp, nganh, nam qua cdxuhucfng tang hang nam eavl gia tli tuy^ ddi vali trpng long kinh phi SNKH cua toan quoj, chiem tnjng binh 15,2% td'ng dau tu cho KH&CN Tdr nam 2000 din dupe tri d mOt tren 24% long: kinh phi SNKH Tuy vay, van ehua dap Ong dugc yS^ cau phat trien KH&CN ctia cac dia phuang So vdl kh| vyc trung uong thi viec huy dpng cac nguon vd'n khac ngoai ngan sach dau tu cho KH&CN d khu vyc dja ^ Tai ehinh diu tucho hogt ddng cua eae bd, nganh phuang gap nhieu kho khan hcfn (bao gom ca quy luong va hogl ddng bdmay eua cac TtJeo ehe phan bd tai chinh cija NSNN nhutreiii,^ tdchtJcKH&CN)chiemtitrpngtrungbinh 43,7% long ed the thay, tai ehinh dau tu cho KH&CN Irong caa dau tu giai doan 1996- 2000 va 30% giai doan tn/dng OH phu ihudc vao bdn ngudn sau: 1) N g u ^ 2001 -2005, da lang, song vln chua dap ung niiu tai chinh diu tu phat triln cua Nha nudc BpKH&d^ eau cuaeaebd, nganh quan li: 2)Ngudn kinh phi SNKH cho cac nhigmH^ Ngudn taichinh ItiNSNN cho hogt dpng KH&CN KHCN cap Nhanudc;3) Ngudn kinhphiSNKH cua cac bd, nganh duac phan theo djnh hudng va cac nhiem vu KH&CN cap Bd, Nganh; va 4] Ngi^ uu tien phat trien KT-XH cija Nha nudc Bp Nong kinh phi s y n g h i ^ khoa hoc cap tinh.-thanh phd':- 12 Tap chi Gido due so 314 -(ki2-7/2013) Thuc trang huy dpng ngudn tai chtnh Thu tudng Chinh phu v l viec cho phep thi diem Bdlvdinguo'n taichinh tif NSNN cip trtic tiSp lgp doanh nghi^ Nha nudc cac casddao tgo, CO cho KH&CN cac trudng BH sc(nghiencijru;Nghjdjnhsd43(^006/NO-CPngay25/ 04^006 cua Chinh phu "Quy dinh quyen tuchu, tu Bang / Kinh phi ti}NSNN cap trirc liep cho ho$t dgng chiu trach nhiem vethtic hien nhiem vu, tochik bp KH&CN giaidoan 2006-2010 cho cac dan vi may,bienchevataichinhddivdidanvisunghiepc6ng tare thugc Bg GD-BT i^p" Cac van ban phap luat da lao hanh lang phap li " ' Ban vi: tri^u dong nam 2000 cho eac co sd GD-OT Irien khai, thye hien eae hoat Qu^ luUng Nhi^m v(i cac (VSn dpng dich vy NCKH vadao tao Thdng qua hoat dpng Ntifmvu T&igs6 KH&CN lano cuTlinp si>a Chira Nim KH&CN nay, he Ihdng trudng OH da thyc hien nhi^j de tai, d l ISrti'pfii nanglijc xayiWnD acnobo an, dyan san xuat Ihuclp Nha nude, nhung hop ddng miy nghien ciiv nh6 2fXl6 171,500 22,794 4S.O0O IS 900 79,806 2,000 NCKH vdi cac cdng ti, long edng li eae Bd ban nganh, 2007 199.B70 29,700 23,1 B5 62.000 91,985 OOO eactinh,thanhphdnhamgiaiquyetnhung van dithyc 200B 203.030 30.350 20,090 100,630 49.000 3,050 lien cua quan li, san xuat va kinh doanh va qua dd da 2009 235.862 32B38 34.302 137,022 27 700 4.0C'0 huy ddng ngudn tai ehlnh dang ke vao sy phat Irien 201D 252.32^ 33,000 49 949 127,175 41000 2W KH&CN cua eac tn/dngOH Tiig 1,062.646 148.682 145,426 526 588 327.700 13.250 Tuy nhien.ngoainguontaichinh duoe NSNN cap (Nguon: Soliiu liiBo GD-DT) Bang eho thay, nhd ehu truang tang dau tu tai tiue tiep, eac tn/dng OH cdn huy ddng nhieu ngudn tai chinh khac, dd ed ea nhung ngudn tu NSNN ehinh iCrNSNN eho KH&CN ndi Chung, ngudn tai chinh tl) NSNN cap tn/c liep cho eae trudng OH thupc Bp nhung qua eae hpp ddng nghien cOu cua nha trudng GD-OT.frong giaidoan 2006-2010, ngudn taichinhtir vdieacdjaphuang.eacbdnganh vacac doanh nghiep NSNN captructilp ctio KH&CN tare Ihupc BdGD-OT xa hdi, nhung van de nay, BpGD-OT hien ehua thd'ng ke dupe ngudn huy dpng tang len rat manh 4,Thyc trang sudung ngudn taichinh doi vdi Tinh chung giai doan 2006-2010, long kinh phi dau tucho nhiem vy KH&CN ee^ Nha nudc tang hoat dpng KH&CN cac trudng DH Nguon tai ehinh tuNSNN taic tiepdau tucho khoa tnjng binh 25%/nam - gap lan mu'c tang long kinh phisynghiep KH&CN MaediJnhiemvu cap Nha nude hpc cua cac trudng dupe su dung de nghien cuu KH&CN, quan li nha nudc ve bao ve moi tn/dng; cac dupepheduyetvagiaotheoeochetuyen chpn nhung kinh phi thye hien tang trung binh hang nam 25% hoat ddng KH&CN khac nhu thdng tin, lieu ehuln, tao, mua saeh bao, ehi doan ra, doan vao, ddng dao ehung td budc phat trien dang keve nang Iyc NCKH eua eac don vj tmt thupc Bp GD-OT Ngudn tai chinh niem liem, tra np; tang eudng nang lye nghien cOu cho hogt dpng KH&CN cua cac trudng OH cd tang cac tochuc KH&CN nhu tang eudng trang thiet bj, hang nam nhung van ehua dap Ong dupe nhu cau chdng xudng cap eac caquan KH&CN;tienluongva hoat ddng bd may va chi khac; nNCKH cua cac tn/dng Bdi vdi ngudn tai chinh huy dpng khac Cung vdi chinh sach tang dau lu It; NSNN, nhUng nam qua, Darg va Nha nudc daban hanh nhilu chinh sach tao diai kien cho cac trucmg OH huy dpng cac ngudn tai chinh eho KH&CN Cdthe neu len mptsd van ban v l van d l nhu Nghj djnh so 35/HDBT ngay28/01/1992 ciia Hdidoig Bp trudng (nay iaChinh phu) ve cdng tac quanli KH&CN; Nghj dinh sd 119/ 1999/NO-CP 18/09/1999 euaChinh phu ve mdt sd ehinh sach vaca che tai chinh khuyin khieh cae doanh nghiep dau tu vao hoat dong KH&CN; Nghi dinhsdl0/2b02/NO-CP 16/01/2002 ciiaChinh phu v l ehe dp tai chinh ap dyng cho don vj sy nghiep cd thu; QO sd68/1998/QO-TTg 27/03/1998 cua (ki2-7/2013)- Phantichcoclusu'dung taichinh tu'NSNN cap trye Bep eho KH&CN Irong cac dan vi true Ihudc Bd GD-OT ed the thay nhung bien ddi ehinh sau (xem bang 2i Bang2.Cacausudungtaichinhchohoatddng KH&CN giaidoan 2001 -2005 va 2006-2010 cac dan vitn/c thuoc Bo GD-BT n m Ouno cm Chl HSNN cho hD«l am KHCN ;; f.2 Chl njhe^cai KHSCN Nh^ra 111 c4> Nlii nuBc HMrKiueipSO Heal neng KH&CN khde SdtiveiilAlfTrieiiiKniil mt% ?DD1-?31,1 % nSm 2001 Iln... 2) Kinh phi sir nghiep khoa hpc (SNKH) duac 2001 - 2005), tiep theo la Viln KH&CN Viet Nam chia hai bd phan la kinh phi SNKH khu vyc (7,3%), Bd Cdng nghiep (3,75%), Vien Khoa hpc xa Trung uang... nghiep khoa hoc de diu tu cho cac nhiem vy nghien ddi cho npi dung: cuu-triln khaicapBaSdkinhphiconlaiduacphSn bo -Chi cho cac nhi&nvu KH&CN cap Nha nudt gom: cac Chuong trinh KH&CN va khoa hpc