THP' Giai V A N H A DIA VI HTGUdl PHU mf • • • TRONG XA HOI HOI GIAO TRUYEN THONG BUI THI ANH VAN I Quan niem cua Hol giao ve phu niir Trong Ikinh Coran vfi Thfinh luflt Sharia cua Hdi gifio ed ghi rfl't ro nhimg dilu luflt vl phu nfl Uieo dd dia vj cua ngudi phy nfl khdng dupc quylt dinh bdi nhflng ed gflng cua ban than hp, ma nd chiu su chl phdi rfii Idn tfl quan nifim cua ldn giao Cae nghifin cflu cho bilt: Kinh Coran Ifi cudn sfich thieng ghi chip cae Idi cua chfla Allah, nen nd dupe eoi la bd luflt tdi cao vfi khdng cd quyin sua ddl Bd lufil Sharia dupc trien khai tfl kinh Coran nfin ciing la ihfinh luflt bfit kha xflm pham (2) Do dd, nhflng dilu gl di^ bflt edng, vd Ij' da dupe kinh Coran vfl thfinh luflt %aria ap dflt ten sd phfln ngudi phu nil' cung diu trd Ihfinh bfit di bfit dieh cfic nudc Islam giao Tfl thdi cd dai xa hdi A Rfip eho rang: sy hiln diln cua gfii la mdt dilu nhuc nha Do dd, eon gai ed thl bi cha me ga bfin hay chdn sdng lfl ldc chao ddi Ngudi phu nfl Ifi mdt tfii san Ihudc vl cha hay ehdng hp, ed thl bi dfinh dflp dull di Iuc nao liiy ^ Kinh Coran quy dinh rfit rd vl sy bfit la butfl hlnh mlnh cda ljch siir ¥ i M n hiiAc Oucrng phfit tritfn cda mil qutfc gia dfln l^c, nguol phg nfl M n thfl'gldl vfl cflc qutfe gia Htfl Biflt c* vai M guan trong, ngfli cflng AMG nflng cao vfl hg ttgc nhfln djnh Ifl "fl^il dl^n cho mft lgc loong sfln xuA hflng hfu vfl dfly tiflm nflng'd) Tuy nhifln truflc dfly,flnhihig quflc gia thao d » Hfl1 (d^a Islam), quan dwm sMn lAfii vfl vai M vfl vfMHMfll Phg i i chua thUGsftuuHxAng blnh dang nam nfl: eha me chia gia tfii Ihi eon gfii chi dupc hudng bfing mdt nfla phfin eiia trai; klii eae nhfin chflng trude tda Ifim chflng Ihl Idi khai cua dan ba ehi ed gifi U-j bfing mdl nfla Idi khai cua dfin dng: nan nhfln Ifi phu nfl bi gilt thl thfln nhfin chi dupc nhfln mdt nfla s6 tiln bdi thudng Vdi nhflng quy dinh irin thl phu nO' vfin cd quyin Ihfla kl, quyin sinh l6n vfi quyin cdng dfln, nhung quyin lpi cua hp eh! bflng nfla quyin lpi cua dfin dng, tfle la nlu dfln dng Ifl thyc thl Ioai mdt ihl phu nfl chi dupe eoi Ifi Ihye Ihl loai hai Thuc tidfl cd nhilu Idn gifio coi phu nfl Ifi mdt thyc thl khdng hoan hao, nhung cd le khdng tdn giflo nao lai dfinh gifi thfip vai trd cua ngudi phu nfl nhu dao Islam Trong gia dinh, ngudi phu nfl cd nghTa vu nhfit la san xufit chiln binh vfi hfiu chdng Din Islam giao ddi, nhihig quan nifim va tflp lue lac hflu ddi vdi phu nfl dupc eung ed va tang cudng bdi nilm tin tdn giao(3) Dao Islam thflng thfln tuyfin bd: phu nfl la mdt thye thl Ioai hai Kinh Coran dfinh hfin mdl chuong ndi vl phu nfl Giai thfeh uy quyin eua dan dng ddi vdi dan ba, d ehuong 4, dilu 34 cua kinh Coran da vilt: "Dan dng cd quyin hon dfin bfi vi ehfla da sinh dfln dng cao qu^ hon dan bfl vfi vl dfln dng phai bd tfii san ciia mlnh nudi hp Dfin bfi phai bilt vfing Idi dan dng VI dfln dng chflm sdc ea phfin tinh thfin ciia dfin t^ Ddi vdi nhflng phu nfl khdng bilt vflng Idi, dfin dng cd quyin rudng bd, khdng cho nam Sd345| Thflng 3-20131 VAN Hf^A N f i H I ; THUAT HWtfC NgOAl ehung giudng vfi cd quyin dfinh dap"(4) Theo ihfinh Allah, "dfin bfl ehi Ifi qufin fio ciia dfin dng", "dfin bfi Ifi thfla rudng d^ dfin dng khai khfin", "dfin dng cao hon dfin bfl vl ngudn gdc"(5) Vific dimg vp ga chdng cho cai xfi hdi Hdi gifio dupe thuc hifin lfl rfit sdm, thdng Ihudng tfl khoang 10 tu6i trd Ifin Dilu nfiy khiln cho nhflng ndi vflt va eua ngudl phu nfl klo dai thim, (!) chuang dilu 223, kinh Coran coi thifin dfing lfi "khu vudn eua lae thfl nhuc due mudn ddi", cdn d trfin thl gian nfiy thl ngudl vp Ifl "efinh ddng cua ngudl chdng nfin ngudi chdng cd quyin di va gieo hat trfin cfinh ddng cua minh"(6) Hdn nhfin xa hdi Islam giao dupc hilu Ifi ngudi dan dng mua vp cho mlnh (dudi hinh Ihflc iiln chudc) Ngudi phu nfl dupe mua vl tam vp chi ed dia vi phu thude va ehdc nflng sinh eon dl bfl Iai gia tri ma ehdng hp da bd Trin tinh Ihfin dd cd thl hilu lfi ngudi chdng dfi di mua kha nflng sinh de ciia ngfldi vp vfi cd tofin quyin ddi vdi hp Nhu vfiy, phu nfl dfi bi eoi Ifi mdt thfl cdng eu dl dl vfi dl thda man due tfnh cua ngudl dfin dng Tfl khl Islam gifio ddl, chl dd da thl cua A Rflp iilp luc tdn lai vfi dupe ihfla nhfln tfl mpi vific Ifim hofin tofin dao dflc Luong Thi Thoa eho bill: Gifio lufit Islam gifio quy dinh sd vp hpp phfip eho m6i tfn dd ta bdn (sd vp chfnh thflc mfi gifio ehu Mdhamit da cudi) vfl khdng dupc cudi hai chi em cflng mdl tupt Trong trudng hpp cfic cudc hdn nhfln khdng u-pn ven, nhfit Ifl ngudi chdng khdng may bi chit, gifio tufli Islam gifio khuyin khi'ch vific chfip ndi ehi (em) dflu gda bua vdl anh (em) eua ngudi ehdng qufi cd (7) Dfin dng theo dao Islam ed quyin Ifl'y nhilu vp nhung dfin bfl chi dupc phip Ifiy mdt ehdng Phu nfl theo dao Hdi khdng n\\f nfl Hdi gl6o d thdnh phtf Blrmln^ram Anh Stf 345 IThflng 3-2013 ed quyin tu ^ hay chu ddng Iy hdn Hp cd thl la ngudi ehdng rudng bo bfii cii Ifle nfio bang bfit cfl 1^ gl (vd sinh khdng vang Idi chdng lflm dilu hofle tham chf Vl khdng dua cua hdi mdn cho nhfi chdng ) dl din vi^ ngudi dfin bfi khflc Nlu ngoai linh thl ngudl dfin dng khdng cd tdi, cdn lfi dfin bfi thl se bi xir phai rfit nfing bi dem noij cdng cdng dl mpi ngudi n^in dfi din chit Theo kmh Coran, mudn ly hdn mdl ngudi phu nfl ngudi dfin dng chi cfin nhfie lai ba Ifin eflu "tdi bo cd" imdc mflt mOi ngudi dfln dng khfic Nguoc lai ngudi phu nfl Islam giio mudn ly hdn phai trudc toa an ir'mh bfiy Iy din duoc chfip nhfln Trfin Duong eho bill: Ngudi phu nii chl duoc giu Iai ciia hdi mdn c^g dfla gfii dudi tudi va dih eon trai dudl tudi va nuOi chung din trudng thanh, cung vdi mdt cudc sdng cocuc din ehil lfi tfit ca nhflng quyin I d mfi ngudi jAm dupc hudng sau cudc hfin nhfin tan vd (8) Cfic tin dd Hdi giao Iudn tfim nifim kinh Coran la chio Iy ldi hfiu cua Thifin chua vi khdng dfim coi dd la nhihig dilu vd ty hofic bfit edng Theo dd, cfic tfn dd ciia thfinh Alli^ khdng cdn eon dudng nSo khfic lfi phai tuyfit ddi phuc tilng Vfi nhu thl, trai qua hon chuc thl ky, kinh Coran ^ gieo bilt bao tai hpa cho c%, phu nfl sdng xa hdi Islam gifio THI^ Pilrtl VAN H A Dia vi cua ngudi phu nur xa hdi Hdi gifio truyin thd'ng cfie xa hdi Hdi gifio, Ifl vfla efli tilng khde ehfio ddi, bl gfii da khdng dupc ddn dpi Tdn gifio cua Allah cho rflng, phu nfl ta nhihig ngudi phu thudc dfin dng vl khdng Ihl kilm sdng dde Iflp Do dd, mdt bl trai dupe sinh eung ed nghia se cd mdt ngudn thu nhflp vl sau vfi se cd ngudl giflp dd liie vl gifl Su trpng nam khinh nfl ciia dao Islam edn cd bilu hiln man rp nhfl'l lfl tue eflt xeo bd phfln sinh due nO, dupc Ihyc hifin vdi tre em tfl dd tudi so smh dfi'n luc tmdng thfinh Dung eu cfit xeo rfit thd so vfi mfi't vfi sinh nfin efic bl gfii dl bi nhilm trung mfiu hay udn vfin, thfim chf cdn gfly hflu qua Iam dau ddn sudt cudc ddi eua ngudi phu nU Tim hilu cfic nudc theo dao Islam, hfiu nhu khdng cd hoc sinh nfl vl hpe hfinh khdng dupe coi la cfin thilt ddi vdi gai Nhflng vific Ifim cfin trmh dd gifio due thudng chi dfinh eho dfin dng (9) Phu nfl Hdi gifio khdng cd mye tifiu quan trpng hon ngofii vide phai Ifiy dupe chdng Trong cudc sdng hang ngfiy, ngudi phu nfl bfit budc phai td doan trang, thfly mi vfi thfin trpng Xa hdi Islam giao quan nilm vfi dfinh gifi vl danh du gia dinh cfln cfl vfio hfinh vi cu xfl cua ngudi phu nfl, nhfit lfi cfic chi em gfii Do vfly, mpi bilu hiln thilu dflng dfin, dfl nhd nhfit cua ho diu khdng thl Iha Ihfl, nhfil Ifi bi nhilu ngudi khfic bill Hp se bi nhflng ngudl dfln dng gia dinh triimg phai mfi khdng cfin chd din sy cho phip ciia lufli phfip Ngudl phy nfl Hdi gifio fln mflc eho ngudi ngofli xa hdi khdng dupc thfiy mflt mlnh Trang phyc rdng vdi chii'c khfln irum kfn dfiu va cd, hay vdi ea ehiic mang che kfn khudn mat da trd thfinh hlnh anh dflc trung eiia ngudl phu nu Isalm gifio Cfle ky gia phuong Tfly gpl dd Ifi efii "tfli dung xflc ngudi sdng" Chile fio rfit nflng vi dupe may bfing nhilu nfi'p gfl'p vfl rdng thung Ihinh, khiln eho nhilu ngudl phu nfl bi ngat Ihd hofle mfle chflng dau dfiu kinh nifin vao mfla he, trdi ndng bflc Islam gifio cho rflng, ehiic ao dd la nhihig bilu tupng eua sy sach vfi u-inh tilt, cua dao dfle va phfim hanh Tuy nhifin, cfic nhfi nghifin cflu cho rfing, day thyc ehfit la bilu hifin eua sy bfit binh dflng vl mflt xa hdi eua ngudi phu nfl Ngudi phy nfl Hdi giao phai sdng sy phfln bifil ddi xiJr, hfiu nhu ifieh bifit hofin lofln vdi thl gidi cua dan dng Khdng gian nhfit mfi ngudi phy nfl ty di Iai Ifi ngdi nhfi cua mlnh E>o dd, cfie cd gfii khdng cd eo hdi lua chpn ngudi ban ddi cho mlnh vfi budc phai vflng Ifinh kit hdn theo sy sfip dat cua cha me Nfl gidi phai di Ifiy chdng tfl rfit sdm, lrong dd tudi trung binh tfl 12-15 Trong cfic bd tac du muc, nhilu cha me ga ehdng cho gfii Iuc mdi 5-6 lull (ngudl vp ylu thich nhfit eua nhfi tifin iri Mdhammed lflc kll hdn ehi mdi tudi) Dilu nfiy Ifim tflng dd tudi sinh nd vfi thdi gian phu nfl phai phue vu eho gia dinh nhilu thl hfi cua nhfi ehdng Cfic dng chdng khdng bao gid chia se vdi vp nhflng cdng viec gia dinh Nlu ngudl vp Ifim trfii y chdng, ngudi ehdng ed quyin dfinh dap mdt each rfit tfin bao (10), tham chl bi gilt ehlt, dfle bifit la ngudl phy nfl pham tdi ngoai llnh Dfin dng ed thl Ifiy tdi da vp dl chflng to lfl mdl ngudi Islam giao chfln chfnh, nhung tfii ca efie ed vp eua diu phai gifl dao lam vp vfi tuyfit ddi chung thuy Nlu pham tdi ngoai iinh, cd se bi xfl phat rfit nflng, thflm chf ed thl bi ehdng gilt chll Trong xa hdi Hdi gifio, mdt ngudi dan dng gilt vp, chi em gfii hay thflm ehf ea me minh cd thl khdng bi kit ldi nlu anh la ehflng minh dupc rflng ngudi phu nu dd pham ldi ngoai tinh (11) Vfin dl phfln edng Iao ddng dupc dao Islam gifio quy dinh nghiim ngflt theo gidi tfnh: dan dng Ifl nhflng ngudi mang Iai thu nhap eho gia dinh, cdn dfin bfi thi Ifim edng vific ndi trp Bdn phfin cfla ngudi phu nfl lfi chufin bi bfla fln cho gia dinh, chflm sdc stic vflt, lam vudn Ifiy nude, dpn dep, sura sang nhfi cfla, chl biln, cfit gifl ndng san nhfi Trong gia dinh Melayu truyin thdng, ngudi phu nfl ddng vai trd Sd345| Thang 3-20131 VAN H(^A NGHP T H U A T Mlrt^C MfiOAl quan trpng, nlu khdng ndi Ifl cudc sdng nghfio nfin hofic sl vai trd then ehdl: chflm sdc mfi't nhffng dfla sau ehdng con, Iflm edng vific ndi hdn nhfin Un vd, khiln ngudi trp, tham gia vfio cdng vlfie phu nfl Islam gifio phai ludn san xufl'l nhu gieo irdng, gflt chdn ehai ddl minh hfii ^ ' \ Hfiu nhu lofin bd phu nhflng eupe hdn nhfln khdng nfl Islam gifio iruyin thdng hanh phflc Cd ihl ndi, cudc Ifim vific Irong pham vi gia sdng gia dinh d xfi hdi Islam dinh, chi cd mdt sd rfll nhd, truyin thdng nhilu khl Ifi dja khdng dang kl, dupc di Ifim ngue trfin gian cua ngudi phu lrong nhfi mfiy hay vfln phdng nfl Hdi gifio Khl da ngofli 20 ludi, ngudi vfl liln cdng ciia hp thudng thfip hon so vdi nam gidi phu nff sc fl cd CO hdi Ifiy dupc khoang 20-30% (13) Chfnh vl chdng, trfl phai Ifl'y nhung vfly, mflc du phu nfl ed ddng ngudi dan dng da Iy di hay gda gdp rfll Idn san xufl'l vp Trong trudng hpp nhu vfly, ndng nghiip vfi kinh l l gia hp bi col Ifi kim cdi, sfi ihfl'y dinh, cudc sdng gia dinh ciia dau budn, tiii hd vfl phai sdng ngudi Islam gifio khdng Ihl d nhfi chflm sdc cho bd me gifi thii'u bfin tay eua ngudl phu Tuy lufll phfip khdng cfim sdng nfl, nhung edng lao thfim Iflng doc Ihfin nhung ngudi phu nfl cua hp Ihudng bl dfinh gifi rfl'l Islam gifio khdng thl Iflm thflp, khdng iuong xutig vdi dupc dilu dd vl sfle Ip eua gia nhihig ndi nhpc nhfln vfi sy hy dinh vfi cua xfi hdi sinh ciia hp Khdng phai phu Cd Ihl thfly quan nilm nfl khdng cd kha nflng dl kilm blnh dang eua Islam gifio vdl sdng mdt cfich dde lap, mfi vfin sy phfin edng lao ddng ngflt dl d dfiy ta hp khdng cd dilu nghfio nhu trfin, ngudi phu nfl kiln, khdng ed eo hdi dl thyc Iudn bi rfing budc vdi gia dinh, hiln dilu dd mdt cfich binh Ifi thude vfio eha, anh em trai dflng nhu nam gidi Cfic nhfi vfi chdng Trong xa hdi, dja vi nghiin eflu Vien Nghifin cflu eua hp ludn thfip kim phu Ddng Nam A cho bill: " thudc vfl vai trd cua hp vi thl Malayxia, noi Hdi gifio Ifi da bi phu nhfln Nhflng quan qude gifio, ngudi phu nfl ni^m vfi quy dinh cua dao thudng ft c6 ca hdi hpe hfinh Islam da ngfim sfiu \'fio cfich vfi hoal ddng xfi hdi hon nam nghl, cfieh nhin nhfin ciia xS gidl"(14) hdi vl phu nfl, thfim chf nd cdn Lufll le gia dinh gfit gao vfi khifin nhilu phu nfl chfi^p nhfin bfit blnh dfing ciia dao Islam tinh lrang dd nhu mdt dilu khiln phu nfl gfip nhilu khd hiln nhiln khan mudn ly hdn Dfin Trong thdi trung dai, chi cd dng cd thl ly di vp mdt cfich d Inddnfixia, ca dl dfing thl phu nfl chi cd thl Islam gifio da trd thfinh tdn Iy di nlu ngudi ehdng ddng J gifio thdng tq m^t sd khu vuc "Riy nhiln phai ddi mai vdi trin qufin dao xinh dep nfiy tf345 Bl SThfing 3-2013 vfin tilp tuc nflm dudi quyli cai tri cua nfl hofing Qi nghifin cflu (15) cho bilt: Vfit TK XVII, Sultanah Tajul Alan: Sajialuddin Johan Berdaulai dfi Iri vl Aeeh lrong sudt thdi gian dfii khoang 30 nflm Vific bfi dupc b6 nhifim Iflm nii hofing ehflng id cic quan chiic ehfnh phu cflng nhu cac chflc sfle Islam gifio dfi thita nhfln bfi cd kha nflng hoan thfinh sfl mfinh cua ngudi dung dfiu dfit nudc Dudi thdi bfi ui vl, lufit Islam gifio, vfln hoc, khoa hoc da phfit triln khdng ngimg Sy lanh dao thifin tfii cua bfi cflng giflp Aceh tranh khdi su dd hd ciia thyc dfin Hfi Lan Bfi cdn cho xfly dung nhilu tnfdng hoc dfinh cho di hpe sinh nam vfi nfl, vi theo bk, luflt Islam cho phep cfic tin dd nam nfl blnh dflng vific bdi bd nflng eao kiln ihfle ciia mlnh Cung lai Inddnfixia vao gifla TK XIX Siti Aisyah We Tenrioll mdt phu nfl thdng minh, cd ^ chf manh me dl trd Ihfinh nfl hoang cua vimg Temate vfio nflm 1856 Siti Aisyah da ihdng nhfit dupc mdl s6 viing trudc dfly cdn Ifi khu tu tri dudi quyin cua mtnh, khfing dinh tfii nflng vfi ban ITnh khdng kim cfie bfic nam d l vuong K l tuc su nghiip cija me ba cd gal cua bfi cQng dupc bd nhiem lfim ngudi dflng dfiu chmh quyin d ba vflng Pancana, Jololang vfi Pao Pao Khdng chi lfi ngudi lanh dao gidi Sill Aisyah cdn Ifi mdt nhfi vfin lal XHe'_Gli!:UJVAN.H6A ba Bfi da sang tfic ban anh hflng ea Ja Galigo dfii 7000 trang Ba eung la ngudi eho xfly dung trudng hpe dfiu tiln d Tfemale, tao eo hdi hpe tflp eho ca nam va nfl Nhu vfly, ca thdi trung dai, mfi Hdi gifio da trd tdn gifio ngu tn trin loan dfl'l nudc Dao Dfla ngudi phy nfl Inddnfixia vfin dupc tdn trpng va gifl Irpng Irfieh Irong xa hdi Hp khdng chi lfim Iron bdn phfln eua ngudi vp ngudi me mfi edn tham gia gfinh vfic cac trfich nhilm khae uong xa hdi (16) "Hiy nhifin, efie nhfi nghifin cflu vfin nhfin dinh rang, dd chi la mdt vfii dilm sang nho nhoi Irong bflc uanh tdi mau vl cudc sd'ng, dia vi cua ngudi phu nfl xa hdi Islam giao truyin Ihdng dfin, ngudl phu nfl dupe hudng nhilu quyin ty hon trudc Nhung d mdt s6 nudc nhu Angifiri vfl Ai Cflp phu nfl vfln tie'p tuc mfic fio choang vfl deo mang che mflt mflc dii dupe chfnh quyin thuc dfln eho phip edi bd Trong bdi canh duong thdi, hfinh ddng dd ed thl hilu la bilu hiln cua Idng ylu nude, Idng ty hao dfln ldc, IU hflo Idn gifio, chdng lai anh hudng cua vfln hda phucmg Tfly Nhflng chile fio choang den phu kfn lfl dfiu din chfln eung da trp giup dfle Iuc ngudi Islam giao cfic hanh ddng dfiu tranh ehd'ng nha efim quyin Ihye dfln Sang TK XIX, cac qude gia Hdi gifio cflng gidng nhu cac dfln tdc khfie trfin thl gidi bi chu nghia thyc dfin phucmg Tfly Ihdng tri Trong sy nghiip dfiu tranh giai phdng dfln tdc, ngudi phu nfl Islam gifio da ddng gdp sfle mlnh ehdng lai Ihyc dfln phuong Tfly Vi dde lflp dfln tdc, hp da manh dan da pha bd mpi dilu kilng ky Idn gifio cung nam gidi xudng dudng dfiu tranh (17) Cfic nghifin cflu eho bilt, chiln Ihang Diln Bifin Phii cfla ngudi Viet Nam da thflc dfiy 10.000 phu nfl Angifiri gia nhflp hang ngu khfing chiln qufln vd trang (18), dfiu tranh giai phdng dfln ldc Bude vfio Ihdi ky hifin dai, xu Ihl tifi'n bd loan cfiu va cac anh hudng cua vfln hda phuong Tfly, ciing su phat trifi'n eua nin kinh tl, chfnh tri, xa hdi hien dai da tac ddng tdi viee nflng cao nhfln ihfle ve vai trd, vi trf xa hdi eua ngudi phu nfl, ddng thdi khoi dfly va Ihflc dfiy linh ihfin dfiu iranh gianh Iai quyin blnh ding, giai phdng ngudi phu nfl Nhilu hpe gia tfic phfim eua mlnh dfi danh nhung Idi cam phue nhfl'l din nhflng ngudi phy nfl Islam gifio: "Chung tdi dfinh Iflng cudn saeh nfly cho tfit ca nhflng ngudi phu nfl, nhflng ngudi dang phai dd'i mfll vdi ddi nghfio vfi dang tilp luc phai chju dyng nhilu gian khd lrong xa hdi mfl chflng ta dang sdng vdi mdt sfle manh phi thudng, sy bin bi vfi tinh ylu"(19)B Dudi ach thdng tri thye B.XA.V I Thu Sucmg Hdi nghi thumg dinh lodn cdu ldn thU IS: Diem hen ciia cdc nhd Idnh dao nU hdng dda thi'gidi hilo Pint nii Vi^l Nam sfl' (2958) ngiiy II-I-2008 (r4 2.9 10 I I 13 Trinh Huy H6a (bien djch) H4i gido Nxb Tic TP.HCM 2002 Ir.l82 183 176 182 179 3, Lirong Thi Thoa Thd lim hieu mdt vdi nil dde IrUng ciia dao Hdi tup chl Ngliien ci'tii Tdn gido s6 5-2001 If 61-62 Charlie Nguyfin Thdn phdn phu nU Hdi gido googlc.com.vn Ban TOn giao Chi'nh phii Mdt saldttgida VietNam, Hk Ndi 1995 lr.l62 u Nguyin Van Dung Dia vi ngUdi phu nU the gidi Islam gido lap chi Ngliien ci'rii Tdn gido stf 6-2005 lr.50 TrSn Duong, Thdn phdn ngudi phu nU a cdc nudc Hdi gido, tap chi Thdng tin Klioa hoc xd lidi ad 8-1994 lr.55 12 Mai Ngoc Chir Xd hoi Malay: Truyen thong vd hien dai, lap chf Nghiin cint Ddng Nam A, s6 3-2003 lr.41 14 Vifin Nghlln cihi D6ng Nam A Uen bang Malaysia - lich sd, vdn hda vd nhitng van de kien dai, Nxb Kiioahpc}0hdi.Hkmi 1998 15, 16 Pham Thj Vinh, Phu ««• Hdi gido Inddnexia lrong phdt trien, lap chf Ngliien cihi Ddng Nam ^ stf 3-1995 ir.63-64 17 Nguyfin Van Diing, Dia vi ngudi phu n& Uong the gidi Islam gido lap chf Nghiin ciiu Tdn gido .s6 6-2005, Ir.l47 19 Women in Sabah Publt.shed by Sabah Women Action Resource Group Malaysia 1992 863451 Thfing 3-20131 ... (sd vp chfnh thflc mfi gifio ehu Mdhamit da cudi) vfl khdng dupc cudi hai chi em cflng mdl tupt Trong trudng hpp cfic cudc hdn nhfln khdng u-pn ven, nhfit Ifl ngudi chdng khdng may bi chit, gifio... dfin dng (9) Phu nfl Hdi gifio khdng cd mye tifiu quan trpng hon ngofii vide phai Ifiy dupe chdng Trong cudc sdng hang ngfiy, ngudi phu nfl bfit budc phai td doan trang, thfly mi vfi thfin trpng... sfip dat cua cha me Nfl gidi phai di Ifiy chdng tfl rfit sdm, lrong dd tudi trung binh tfl 12-15 Trong cfic bd tac du muc, nhilu cha me ga ehdng cho gfii Iuc mdi 5-6 lull (ngudl vp ylu thich nhfit