NBHIEN ciu-TRAO BOI VAI NET VE CHINH SACH DAI NGO DOI von CONG CHUTC CUA MALAYSIA 6J TRAN THi NG(X QUYEN * T huie trang chinh sach dai ngd ddi vdi hang nam la RM 34, rieng nam cdn tang cong chflc Malaysia them RM 25'" Mfle dieu chinh lUflng cd b i n Malaysia la qudc gia thyc bien ehe dp cPng vy dfldc Cbinb phfl Malaysia trt mdt theo h f thdng vifc lam, vl vay khu vyc edng khoing thdi gian dai mai dirt 7/2007 mdi cP lirt khdng x i c djnh bian e b l ma xac djnh cae vj tri dieu chinh Tbeo dd, khoang trifu edng chflc vifc lam flrtg viJi tflrig cdng ehflc: Cdng chfle lahh nha nttdc se dupe tang ttt 7,5% - 35% so vdi mflc dao chilm ty If 1%; cdng chflc lam cdng t i c q u i n Iflong trude dd Dieu ed nghia la, ngudi lao ly va chuyen mdn nghiep vy ehiem 20,7%; cdng dpng cP mflc tbu nhap thap nhat efla Malaysia se chflc lam cdng vifc hd trp la 78,3% Tr6n cd sd dupc t r i khoang 684 RM/tbing (tupng duong cae vj trf vifc lam trert Chlnh phfl Malaysia se dua khoing 180USD/thang) Ban canh dd, tifn trp cap cdc ehlnh sach thich hpp vdi tflng vj tri va khu sirth boat cung se tang 100% g i n nfla vye V I Cd ban, Malaysia xae djnh cbinb sach dai trieu ngfldi nghi huu se dupe tang ludng hiRi'^' Tfl ngd dtfi vdi cdng chfle dd la tra cdng lao dpng cbo nam 2011-2012 Malaysia tiln banh thay d l l mfle cdng chflc bao gdm Iflctng, phy cap ed dinb, va ludng cd b i n mflc ludng tdi thilu d l thdng c i c phy cap khic nhfl nha d, phy cap edng viec nhat h f thdng ludng edng chfle gifla eae bang thilt y l u Ngoai ra, edn cd mpt sd trp cap dpt xuat Hifn mfle luong tdi thilu cfla edng chttc nttdc nhy kham chfla bfnh, hay trd cap theo qui cho la RM 900, chi mdt sd it bang t r i ebo cdng mdt sd ngfrth nghf thilt y l u nbu canh sat, phdng chttc mtte luong tdi thilu la RM 800'" Thue bien chiy chtta chay Mtte IttPng efla edng chttc dypc Chinh phfl tinh dya tran mfle ifldng co ban Tfl nam 1983 mye tiau chddng trinh phat trien qude gia "Tim nhin 2020", Chinh phu Malaysia dang d f xuat mpt mtte luong co b i n mdi len d i n RM 1200 Malaysia da dfla each tinh mfle Iflong co b i n la Tren ed cd mtte lUdng ed b i n Cue CPng vy RM 315 va mflc tang hang nam la RM 30 Den Malaysia tien banh dieu cbinb luong cho nhflng 1/1/1985, mfle Ifldng co ban la RM 376 va mfle ca nhan hoan xuat sie nhiem vy efla minh tang hang nam la RM 32, rieng nam edng Hang nam ePng chfle dupe dinh g i i tbeo mflc dp chflc edn dflpe cpng tham RM 20, vi vay nam hoan cPng vifc tfl mtte trang binb, tdt rat 1986 mflc luong co b i n la RM 427 va mtte tang hang nam la RM 32 Nam 1988, Malaysia lai difu ehinh tidn ludng co bart la RM 561 va mflc tang * r/»(ic st Hoc vien Hdnh chinh Qudi: gia TAP CHi GIAO DVC LY LViU4 $(;) 216(2014) - www.rsachanihers.com I I Competitiue'^iSOWage^t^O Reform%20in%S0Malaysla%20- - Malaysia Tdng lirtmg khdng phdi di ldm viic theo "kieucu", Bda An Nmh Thu Bd 23/512007 - http/ / en.m wlklpedui.org/wikl/list of minimum wages by country 61 NBHIEN ciu-TRAB BOI tdt va xuat sac NhOng dat mflc xuat sie se dupe tang gap ddi mtte IttOng, thttdng hang thing Tuy nhien mtte dp rat tdt va xuat sic dttpc gidi ban'a5% tirtg sd cdrtg chfle d mdt ed quan Ben canh vifc tang ifldng, Chlnh phfl cdn giam bdt bac Ifldng va difu chinh lai cac bac Ifldng theo httdng thong nhat gitta cae bang luat Chinh phfl tuyan bd 31/10 la Cdng vy cdn gpi la Ngay chat lupng (Hart Q) vdi mye tieu la cflng ed gia trj efla nen van hoa chat lupng to chflc Ngay chat Iflong dupc t l chflc hang nam vi3i sy tham gia cang nhilu cae cdrtg sd d mpi cap Nbieu cupc rtdi chuyfn cdi md v l chat lupng cflng boat ddng khic lien quan din nang suat hifu qui va chat Iflpng ePng vifc trortg to chfle dflpe tiln hanh Ban canh viec t l chflc Ngay chat luong, Chinh phfl cdn ban hanh khPrtg dfldi 18 Thdng tfl Hanh chlnh Phit triln nan quan din nhilu khia canh khae cfla van d l chat iupng va nang suat bao gom eae chien lupc quin 11 chat iupng, va quan 11 chat ludng tdng the Tuli ve httu bit bupc efla edng chflc la 55, song edng chflc cd tbl nghi hflu d tudi 40 neu mudn Mtte Iflong hflu efla cdng chflc dupc nha nttdc cap mpt lan sau nghi Vd boat dpng dao tao bdi dttdng cPng chttc, Malaysia httdng tdi myc tieu xay dyng mpt ndn cdng vy tien tiln; ed dttpc cdc nha banh ehinh va chuyen gia gioi d l theo kjp sy phat triln ve khoa hpc, ehuyan mdn va ky thuat; cdng tac cd hifu Odng thdi vdi Ngay chat lupng, Chinh phfl cPn qua vd hifu lye ve chi phi ^e tien hanh trao tang eac phan thudng chat lupng ghi nhan thtte td Chinh phfl nudcrtayda tilrt hanh mpt loat tharth tieh cfla cae" ed quart bao gdm: (a) giii eac ehiln luac mang tam qudc gia nhu: thudng chat Iflpng cfla Thfl tudng (danh cho khu + Boi dudng kien tbttc va ky nang v l cac tien vyc cong); (b) giii chat Ittpng cfla Chinh van bp ePng nghe va khai niem quan iy thong qua cac phdng Cbinb phfl (KSN); (e) giii thudng ehat Iflpng cfla Cyc trudrtg Cue cdrtg vu (KPPA); (d) kbPa ngin ban va trung ban + Xay dyng trinh dp ehuyan mdn va ehuyan giai thfldng chat lupng efla giam ddc MAMPU nganh qua cac khoa dai ban cap bang nhu chttng' (Don vj k l hoach quin ly va oil each binh chlnh Malaysia); (e) giii thudng chat Ittpng efla Van chi, cfl nhan, thac sT tien si + T l chflc cac kbPa ngin ban eho eac nha phdng quan; (I) giai thttdng chat ltti;mg cfla ehinh lanh dao cap cao nham phat triln ky nang quin ly quyen dja phuong; (g) giai thudng quan li nguon nhart Ittc va to chflc cfla hp + fly quyen dao tao cho eong chfle, nganh xay dyng va to chflc cae khda hpc dip flng dflng eho yeu cau cfla hp Vy Dao tao va Phat triln ehflc nghifp cfla Cue cong vy va Hpc vifn Hanh chlnh Qudc gia (INTAN) la hai diu mdi chlnh ve dao tao edng chfle nhim nang eao trinh dp va ky nang cong vy Ngoai mpt sd bp va ed quan Trungttdngkhae cung cd eac ca sd dao tao cflariengminh Cbinb phfl Malaysia nhung nam gin day da tang ngudn ngan sach eho edng tac dao tao bdi dudng edng chttc Vifc dao tao cbinb quy cho cdng chttc dude chfl trpng thay ebo giao dye truyen thdng, hpc tap thPng qua cong viee nhy trudc day Ve chf dp khuyfn khich, khen thudng va ky 62 Cac giii thudng cha't lypng khic cfla Cbinb phu da tao nen mpt sy canh tranh gitta cic CP quan khu vyc cdng v i da cai thifn hf thing cdng vy Mpt uy ban kiem tra din tbam va thj sat cac Cd quan dya tren mdt tap hop cae tieu chuan Vife cang cd nbieu cd quan d nhieu cap banh chirth khae canh tranh dl dat mpt sd It eac giai thudng cho thay vifc eii thifn chat lupng da dupe xem trpng va la mdt qua trinh lien tye Nam 1991 Chlnh phfl bit dau trao tang giai thudng Odi mdi edng vy va giai thudng Ddi mdi cdng tac nghien cttu khu vuc tu nhan nam 1993 Trong nfn cdrtg vy, vifc ddi mrSi dupc djrth nghia la "vifc dua va ap dung cac y tudng mdi vio TAP CHI GIAO DVC LY LUAN - S 216 (2014) HBIBEN ciu-TRAO mpt tinh hudng hoac hf thdng cy t h l nhim c i i 001 nha quin ly thifn chat lupng djch vy va s i n pham cua mdt co Th& hai, cong vy va cdng chttc cd mdi quan quan t l chttc" V i f c d l l mdi phai dupe thuc hien h f bien chflrtg Hoat dprtg cdrtg vy chlnh ia nhttng thinh edng, mang iai nhttng k i t qua tieh cue bao cdng viec ma ngudi edng chttc dupe nhd nttdc uy gdm g i i m bdt chi phi to ehfle, tilt kifm thdi gian, quydn thyc bien Trong hoan canh efla nude ta tang them s i n pham va tang sy thoa man efla hifn nay, hoat dpng edng vy edn chua dupc phan khach hing Theo s i lifu cfla b i n bao e i o dupc djnh mpt each rd rang vdi cac loai lao dpng khac eo quan chinh phfl de trinh len nam 1993, co tortg Irong eae ed quan rtha rtude Phip luat ve edng edng 21 s i n g kien doi mdi da dflde thue hifn Ve vy efla nude ta bien cung chtta xay dyng giii thttdng chat Ittpng, viae sd lupng c i c ed quan dypc nhttng ndi dung thich hpp eho thtte tien Do canh tranh d l dat g i i i thudng sang kiln d l l mi3i vay, hoan thifn chlnh sach dai ngd ddi vdi cdng cang tang ttt 119 ea quan rtam 1992 tang chflt tren cd sd hoan thifn phfp luat ve cdng vy d i n 509 nam 1993 cho thay idi Ich tbu dupe rat d i m b i o tinh dn dinh, iinh boat vi nhflng didu dang kbich I f " Ben canh do, vifc ky luat cPng kien ve vat chat eung nhu tinh than cho edng ehflc dflpe quy djnh giao cho cac eo quan q u i n ly chfle ia gdp phan nartg eao ehat lupng cupc sdng edng chflc t i l n b i n b theo su phan cap, trij mpt sd va hifu q u i thuc tbi cdng vu d l l vdi ddi tttpng chflc vy Oy ban edng vu bd nhifm thi Cy ban eong chfle t i l n hanh C i c trudng h(;rp khidu nai ve ky Thd ba, g i n dai ngp vdi kdt qua thye thi cong luat efla cae bd, nganh se dttpc Ciy ban xem xet vu cfla edng ehflc Oai ngp tfldng xiJng ia cirt giii quylt thift va ia trach nhiem cfla Oing va Nha nudc ddi Mpt sd kinh nghiem hoan thien ehlnh sach dai ngd dd'i v,di cdng churc Viet Nam vdi dpi ngu ePng chflc nhung khdng vl t h l ma thoat ly san xuat va mat bing ddi sdng efla cpng Tran ed sd nhttng net tttOng ddng, Vift Nam ddng Girt dai ngp vdi vifc thfle day su phdt triln cflng da t i l n hanh hoan thifn chlnh saeh dai ngp kinh t l - xa hpi chlnh la g i n quyfn lpi vdi trich d l l vdi edng chflp dya tren kinh nghifm efla nhieu nhifm viec q u i n ly, dieu hanh cfla cdng nflde rthat la c i c nflde khu vue Asean, chflc cung ehinh la dam bao nguyen t i c "dai ngp dd ed Malaysia Ttt nhttng nghien cttu Iran ehflng tuong xflng' Do dd, ngoai trfl nhttng khd khan vd ta cd t h l nit mpt sd kinh nghifm: dja ly, vung mien, ngudn luc, c i n ed nhflng uu dai Thir nhat, d l gdp phan giflp dpi ngu cong rieng thi can khuyen khich co e b l lpi Ieh kinh chflc ehuyen tam vfli cPng vife, c f c cd quan chflc te - xa hpi phat trfln de tang them thu nhap cho nang c i n de xuat vdi Oing va Nha nttdc kjp thdi cdng chttc ban hanh, sfla d i i , bd sung nhttng ehinh sach dai Thir tlf, chlnh sach ndi chung va chlnh saeh ngd thilt tbyc, phfl hpp va hifu q u i hPn ntta, dai ngp ddi vi^ cdng chflc ndi rieng deu chju i n h Chflng ta can phii cP sy ddng Idng thdng nhat hudng bdi eac dieu kifn khach quan, dd eao toin hf thdng d l d i m bao chlnh saeh dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi dPng mpt vai trd quan dai ngp khPng mang tinh cPo bing nhttng dam trpng Do vay, vife hoan thifn chinh saeh dai ngp bio dypc Stt ePng bang gitta tat c i cac ea nhan ddi vdi cdng chfle cung p h i i can ett v i o rthttng t l chttc D l lam dupc dieu can od s y dieu kifn va dae diem eu t h l cfla dat nude thay ddi rat ldn tu didu banh cfla eae nham dam b i o sy dieu ehinh cd h i f u qua v i thuc day su phat trien xa hpi Trong qua trinh hoan thifn ehinh saeh dai ngp d l l v a cdng chttc, - Cdi cdch hdnh chinh Ma-lay-xi-a (Vdn Ngpc Ltnjc dich theo tdi liiu nen hdnh chinh Malaysia trdi qua thdP ky piidt trien) TAP CHi