Kiến thức, thái độ, hành vi quan hệ tình dục của nam công nhân di cư chưa kết hôn tại khu công nghiệp bình xuyên, vĩnh phúc năm 2011

ITfflGQUINtllBHrEIIClU! Kien thitc, thai do, hanh vi quan he tinh due cua nam cdng nhSn di cif chifa kdt hon tai khu cdng nghiep Binh Xuygn, VTnh Phiic nam 2011 N g u y i n T h i Phtftfng', L^ Ci/ Linh' Mdt sd nghien ciiu gdn ddy eho thdy nguy ca Idy nhiim HIV vd cdc binh lay truyen qua dudng tinh d^c (STIs), nao phd thai quan he tinh due (QHTD) khdng an loan gia tang dgc biet d ngudi di cU tri luoi Nghien eiiu cdt ngang tren 203 nam cong nhdn di cUchUa ket hon tai khu cong nghiep(KCN) Binh Xuyin, VTnh Phuc ndm 2011 Kei qud eho ihdy kien thdc ve quan he linh due eua nam edng nhdn chua cao, ihdi dg ve QHTD trudc hon nhdn cdi md Ty le nam edng nhdn QHTD trude hdn nhdn la 54,7% dd 24.1% nam cd QHTD vdi bgn tinh bdt chgt, 12,5% nam edng nhdn co QHTD vdi phu nH mgi ddm (PNMD) Ty If sddung bao cao su (BCS) thudng xuyen vdi ngUdiyeu Id 33,9%, bgn tinh bdi chgt 25,9% va PNMD Id 71,4% Tdng cudng kien thiic, thuc hdnh tinh due an todn vd cung cdp BCS eho nam cdng nhdn KCN Id nhihig bi^n phdp cdn ihiel gdp phdn ngdn ngita Idy Iruyin HlV/STIs eho bgn linh vd cgng dong cdng nhii gidm Ty le nao phd thai ihanh niin tri Tbt khoa: nam cong nhdn di cuchua kit hon, quan he tinh due khong an todn Knowledge, attitude and sexual behaviors among unmarried migrant male workers at Binh Xuyen industrial zone, Vinh Phuc province, 2011 Nguyen Thi Phuong", Le Cu L§ Crf Linh' Some recent studies indicated that there was a potential risic with regard ro HIV spread, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and abortion due to unsafe sex among young migrants This cross sectional study was conducted ar Btnh Xuyen industrial zone, Vinh Phuc province, Viet Nam in 2011 among 203 male unmarried migrant workers The findings showed that the knowledge on sexual intercourse of male workers was not high Attitude towards premarital sex was found rather openminded The proportion of male workers having premarital sex was 54.7%, in which 24.1% of them had sexual intercourse with non-regular sexual partners while 12.5% ever had sex with female sex workers The proportion of consistent condoms use with lovers, non-regular sexual partners and female sex workers were 33.9%, 25.9% and 71.4%, respectively Improvements on knowledge, and safe sex practice, especially condom distribution for male migrants at industrial zone are urgently Tap chl Y r f C « n g c S n g , 6.2013, Sff 28 (28) N E « , h t hJi; 2i.2 2013 N g i , p h i , biô= 5.3 2013 ã N g i , d,i.h , & : 15.3 2013 Ngiy Mc chSp obj, lB»g 25 4.2013 63 ITfiNEQUM&NGIirlNClUI needed and this could help to prevent HIV/STI spreading as well as to reduce the percentage abortion among young adulis Keyword: of unmarried migrant male workers, unsafe sex CAc tic gia Trddng Dai hoc Y t£'Cdng cOng Dat vd'n d l Quan he tinh due (QHTD) finh due khdng an loan la m^t nhffng nguy ccf cao liy nhiem HIV v i c i c STIs khac BSn canh QHTD khdng an toan trffdc hdn nhin cung l i nguyen nhan ciia vi'n de nao p h i thai nff thieu nien tre dang gia ting hien C i c v^n d l trSn khong chi xay d thiS'u niSn m i cdn d lao dgng di ctf tre tuo'i Tren the' gidi c i c nghien ctfu v^ QHTD cua eong nhan, lao ddng di cff chu ye'u giffa c i e nffdc v i tap trung d c i c nffdc cd kinh te' cham p h i t Irien d Chau A va Chau Phi Nhin chung ki^n thffc ve HIV va sffc khde tinh diic, su'c khde sinh san ciia lao ddng di ctf cdn thap Sd'han tinh cua lao ddng di cff eao hdn ngffdi khong di cff, nam lao ddng di cff cd hdn mdt ban tinh (tff 13% - 85%) [6][12] Ty IS nam lao dgng di cff cd QHTD vdi phu nff mai d i m (PNMD) dao dgng khoang 7-70% [7][8] Ty le sff dung BCS QHTD khoang - 86%, nhiSn ty IS biS'n khoang 30% cac nghiSn cffu dtfde tim t h i y [9][10) Di cff d Viet Nam thffdng dtfcfc chia thinh ba nhdm: Lao dgng di ctf tff ndng thdn thi d e i c khu cdng nghi$p va khu che xui^E; Nhdm d i n di cff v i di bien ddng d khu vffc bien gidi: Lao ddng Viet Nam x u i t kh^u hien dang sdng va lam viec d nffdc ngoii Dd'i vdi ca ba nhom trSn c i c nghiSn ctfu ve h i n h vi tinh due v i sffc khoe sinh san (SKSS) chtfa nhilu dae bi?t la nhdm lao dpng di ctf tai c i c KCN, khu che'xusft Nghien cffu cat ngang gan day (2010) ve HIV tren cdng nhan cdng ty than tinh Quang Ninh cho ke't qua 1/3 cong nhan cd QHTD trffdc hdn nhan, 74% da tffng QHTD vdi PNMD gan 1/2 so dd khdng sff diing BCS QHTD [2] NghiSn ctfu nh^m md ta kiS'n thtfc thii dg, hinh vi QHTD cua nam cdng nhan di cff chtfa ket hdn lai KCN Binh XuySn tinh Vinh Phuc Tren cd 64 Tap chi Y t^ Cdng cdng, 6.2013, Sd 28 (28) sd dd dffa mdt sd' khuyS'n nghi cho c i c chffdng trinh sffc khde sinh san (SKSS) v i sffc khde tinh due (SKTD) ddi vdi nam cdng nhan di ctf KCN trSn dia b i n huyen Phtfdng phap nghien ctfu Nghien cffu dtfdc tien hinh tff 11/2011 - 4/2012 tai xa/thi tran Hffdng Canh, Dao Dffc, Tam Hdp Nghien cffu cat ngang dinh Itfdng tren toan b§ nam cdng n h i n di cff chffa k€l hdn Ti^p can c i e nam cdng nhan tren tai phdng tro eua hg vao bu^i trffa, tdi, dung bd cau hoi ttf diln khuyS^E danh Khi de'n gia dinh cd cdng nhin thue trg xin phep chu n h i v i hdi thdng tin liSn quan de'n tinh trang ket hdn cua c i c nam cdng nhin tff chii nha, ban thue cung nha tro Gap gd tai phdng trg va gidi thi?u muc dich dieu tra, nhin manh tinh khuyet danh, htfdng d i n dien phieii v i ngdi khong q u i xa cd t h i quan sit d l han che tdi da ban bac trao ddi giffa c i c nam cdng nhin cung nhff tra Idi t h i e mac c l n thiet s d lieu dtfdc n h | p bang phin mem Epi data va p h i n tich bang SPSS 18 Mgt sd khdi niim nghien cliu vd thang ddng QHTD nghiSn cffu dtfdc hieu la sff giao hdp dffdng i m dao h o i c hau mdn Ban tinh thtfdng xuyen: dtfde hilu li ngtfdi yeu, ngtfdi sdng cffng Phu nff mai d i m : li ngtfdi cd quan he tinh due ddi lay tien, qua ting (vit chat) hoac ma tdy Ban tinh khdng thtfdng xuySn (ban tinh bat chdt) khong phai ngtfdi yeu, khdng sd'ng cung, khong quan h§ tinb due doi lay tiln, khdng cd quan he tinh due thtfdng xuyen ma chi quan hd tinh due ngau hffng bat chdt [13] Chtfa cd dinh nghia thdng nhat ve ngtfdidictf cung nhtfedng nhan di ctf, nghiSn cffu nay, nam cdng nhan di cff la nam gidi di chuyen tff ndi thffdng tni (que quin) dS'n d ndi khie (tam thdi h o i c lau dai) de l i m cdng nhin ITfiNCQUAK&KGHllNClUI Thang kien thffc chung: gom 10 cau hdi cd ban nhi't ve: tinh due an t o i n thai nghSn, c i c bSnh liy qua dffdng tinh due, stf dung bao cao su ddng cich phdng trinh thai va trinh STIs Vdi cau hoi Iffa chgn diem tdi da l i d i l m cau hdi nhieu Iffa ehgn diem td'i da la (ehgn dung 1/2 so'Itfa chgn dtfdc diem, hdn 1/2 sdltfa chgn dffdc dilm) Sd diem nhd nhS^t la 0, cao nhat l i 16 diem Ngtfdi c6 tdng diem eao hdn d i l m trung binh chung cua quan the (mean) dtfdc ggi l i cd kie'n thffc "phu hdp", e i c trffdng hdp lai goi la "chffa phu hdp" Thang thii dg ehung: Cd 10 quan d i l m chia lam nhdm de' tinh dilm: cd quan diem phii hdp vdi hilu biet c&a da s d m o i ngtfdi de bao ve stfc khoe dtfdc tinh diem v i quan diem ngtfdc lai tiuh dilm Tdng d i l m tdi thieu la 0, tdi da la 10 C i n cff v i o gii tri trung binh d i l m thii dg cua quan the nghiSn cffu (mean) m i chia thinh nhdm thii dd "phii hdp" v i "chffa phii hdp" 5.7 Mgt sdddc diim ciia nam cong nhdn dicii Trong toan bg 239 nam cong nhan di cff chffa k i t hdn (trong nghien cda ggi nit ggn li nam edng nhin) cd 5,9 % tff cho'i tham gia va 7,3% phiS'u Bang Mgi sdddc diem chung cda nam cong nhdn di cU Tiosa' Tjie% 201 100% IS-25 1:9 64,2 26-35 72 35.8 Hpc v&i 203 100% 3-5 infu ding 58 30,4 10 5.2 ^5-13 tri^udSng Cd nhdm n g h l cbinh ciia nam cdng nhan tham gia lao ddng, n g i n h san xui't vat li?u x i y dffng c h i l m ty 1? cdng nhan tham gia nhieu nhi't (40,7%), tid'p theo l i nhdm n g i n h san xui't l i p r i p xe m i y d td va san xua't linh ki?n dien tu" Nhin chung, hg thffdng sd'ng mgt minh (58,7%), 3% sd'ng vdi ngtfdi ySu/ban gii/bd dtfde gbi nhin qua phi^u d i l u tra TrSn thffc tS'qua quan sit de'n phong vi'n cung thdng tin cua ban cung n h i trg cho th^y nhffng ngffdi sd'ng vdi ngffdi ySu thffdng tff chdi khdng tham gia d i l u tra, ffdc tinh ty IS trSn thffc te' khoang 10% Phan ldn sd' hg d i u v l thim n h i Irong thing, dd ty le v l tff 1-3 lan chiem da sd' (47,5%) Nam edng n h i n chu ydu l i m viec tieng/ngiy, g i n 1/3 cdng nhin khdng tham gia hoat ddng t i p the n i o , hoat dgng the thao dtfdc tham gia nhieu nhrt (59,1%) 3.2 Kien thdc ve QHTD K&'t qua nghidn cihi TT khdng dli thdng tin cdn 203 ngffdi tham gia v i hoin thinh phie'u hdp IS Kien thiie ve trdnh thai vd nao hiit thai Trung binh moi nam cdng n h i n di ctf nghe ndi/biet 3,6/10 bien phap trinh thai H i u hl^t sd'hg nghe ndi den BCS d l trinh thai v i it biet den tiem thude/cay que trinh thai v i dung thud'c di§I tinh trung P h i n ldn (90,6%) cac nam cong nhin ti/ danh g i i minh biet sd dung BCS, cae BPTT khic nam cdng nhan bie't thtfc hiSn nhtfng chiS'm Iy 1§ khdng cao Cd 4,9% nam cdng n h i n khdng bie't bat ki BPTT nao Cd 1/5 nam cdng nhin tra Idi dung thdi d i l m dS mang thai d phu nff (xem bieu dd 1) Cd 14,8% nam cdng nhan khdng bie't l i c hai nio « Xuit linh ngoai am ei«o ^ B ^ H H I 29.6K TTnhvongk,hcfi,phônO ^ H KXOnEbiHBPniD ã tm UM tsil 21^ am «« KOK ,« Biiu ddi Ty l^ nam cong nhdn biit cdch sddgng hifn phdp trdnh thai cua nao p h i thai, tae hai dtfdc biet nhilu nhat la vd sinh chii'm ty 1§ cao nhat (59.6%) Kidn ihiie vi cdc binh lay truyin qua dudng tinh due (STIs) Tap chf Y tg Cdng cdng, 6.2013, Sd 28 (28) 65 ITfMVSUlaKGIIENClUl Hau hg'l (99%) nam cdng nhin deu biet ten it nhi't ten STIs C i c benh it dffdc bie't de'n la hot x o i i , trCing roi nS'm Clamydia, mtin rgp sinh due (hecpet) ChiS'm tff 10% trd xudng Khi dffdc hdi ve nguyen n h i n mac STIs hdn 2/3 nam cdng n h i n biet raic benh do: tiS'p xffc trffc tiep thin t h i hoJie QHTD vdi ngffdi mac bSnh khdng dffng BCS v i QHTD vdi nhieu ngtfdi c i c nguySn nhan khac it dffdc biS't dS'n hdn v i van cdn 5.9% nam cdng nhan khdng biSt nguyen nhan nao Ty 1? biS't c i c b i l u hien cua STIs kha t h i p b i l u hiSn biet nhilu nhat cung chi dat 42,4%, cd tdi hdn 1/4 (26,6%) nam cdng nhan khdng bid^t bat cff bieu hien n i o diem cua nam cdng nhin v l QHTD tffdng dd'i edi md Cd 49,3% nam cdng nhin ddng y vdi quan diem: "Cd the QHTD trUdc hdn nhdn neu hai ngUdi yeu nhau" Ket qua tuang tii vdi quan diim: "Khdng nen QHTD chua ket hdn " 40,9% nam cdng nhin ddng y Ill k CAiWqHITi CciW^in> Bieu Thdi d$ cia nam cdng nhdn ve quan hf linh due Biiu Ty If nam cdng nhdn biet bieu hifn thudng gap cua cdc bfnh STIs Ve t i c hai eua c i e STIs vdi stfe khoe, nam cdng n h i n cung chtfa bie't nhilu T i e hai dffdc biS't nhilu nhi't dd la viSm cd quan sinh due (66,0%), biS't it nhi't l i tff vong (7.9%) Van cdn tdi hdn 1/4 (26,6%) nam cdng nhan khong biet: ludn sff dung BCS dtfng eich cd the phdng trinh dffdc c i c benh STIs Ty 1^ nam edng nhan ttf d i n h gia bie't sff dung BCS ri't cao (90,6%), nhiSn chi cd 62,1 % nam cdng n h i n Iffa chgn dung c i c h sff dung BCS dung bg c i u hoi Van cdn 4,4% nam cdng nhan khdng biet ndi n i o cd t h i dieu tri c i c benh STIs, D i n h g i i kie'n thtfc chung v l QHTD, cd 61,2% nam cdng nhin cd kiS'n thtfc "phu hdp" ve QHTD ( d i l m kiS'n thtfe chung quan the' l i 8,04/14 diem) Da sd (82,6%) nam cdng nhin deu ddng finh vdi quan diem: C i c benh STIs cd the phdng tranh dtfdc Tuy nhien cd ltfdng ldn chie'm gan 2/3 (59,7%) nam cdng nhin ddng finh vdi quan diem: Chi cd nhffng ngffdi QHTD bffa bai mdi mac c i c b^nh lay qua dtfdng tinh due, Quan diem v l trinh thai v i nao hut thai cho thi'y nam cdng nhan cd thai dg tich ctfc v i tiS'n bd H i u he't nam cdng nhan (88%) ung hd quan diem: Nam gidi cung eln ed trich nhiem trinh thai cho nff gidi Va cd 77.6% nam gidi phan dd'i quan diem: Nao hut thai la chuy?n binh thffdng nS'u cd thai ngoai ^ mudn Trong hai quan diem ve sff dung BCS cho thay hdn 2/3 nam gidi deu ddng finh vdi quan diem tich cffe (Dung bao cao su t h i hien trich nhiem va stf quan tam den nhau) v i khdng ddng 'y vdi quan dilm: BCS chi d i n h eho mai dam v i ngtfdi khdng chung thuy Thai dd v l QHTD bao gdm van de: quan d i l m ve finh due STIs mang thai v i nao hdt thai, stf dung BCS Diem trung binh chung (mean) quan the nghiSn cffu la 6,04/10 diem Ty IS nam cdng nhan cd t h i i dd "phii hdp" (> d i l m ) chie'm 41,9% v i "chtfa phff hdp" la 58,1% 3.4 Hanh vi quan h$ tinh due tntdc Hon nhan Trong sd'203 nam edng nhin chtfa ke't hon Iham gia nghiSn effli cd 112 ngtfdi (chie'm 54.7%) d i tffng QHTD Trong sd' nhffng ngffdi d i QHTD, sd ban finh trung binh eua nam cdng nhin tff trffdc den l i 2.1 ngtfdi, Ty IS da QHTD ting Ien theo nhdm tudi.nhdm 18-21 tudi cd g i n 1/3 d i QHTD va nhdm mdi cao nha't 30-35 tudi cd tdi 82,4% da tffng QHTD Xel c i c quan diS'm v l QHTD cho thi'y quan Trong sd'nam cdng nhan d i tij^g QHTD sd nam 3.3 Thdi dg ve 66 QHTD Tap chi Y t^ C6ng c0ng, 6.2013, Sd 28 (28) ITefNGQUMtNGHlEKClU 100% S?4% 74.55< 60K 40K 54.7% 1I 30.3% MQHTDIty l*chun« lS-ZI[u6< I1 r 1I JG.9% Z3-ISIL6 2&niu6< 30-3SIU& Biiu Ty If QHTD trUdc hon nhan theo nhom tuoi dffdc t m y l n thdng, gan 1/4 cho bie't ho dffdc truyen thdng -2 lan ehu ydu la ndi chuyen trffc tie'p d cdng ty/nba m i y Trong n i m vffa qua tai xa dang tam tni, 65,1 % nam cong n h i n khdng dffdc truyin thdng lan n i o , % dffdc truyen thdng chu yeu b i n g p h i t tin tren loa truyin cua c i e xa/thi trin 20,7% nam cdng nhin dffdc ttf van QHTD an t o i n , chu yeu tff e i n bd y te d que (18,1 %), y te nha miy/cdng ty v i y te ndi tam tru (11,3% - 11,8%) 3.5 Cdc mdi lien quan den hdnh vi QHTD cd ban tinh trd ISn chiein 38.4%, cd ban flnh trd ISn chidm 85,6%, 16.9% cd tff 4-27 ban finh 100% nam cong nhin da tffng QHTD cd ban finh la ngffdi ydu, gan 1/4 s d h o c6 QHTD vdi ban tinh ba't chdt va 12,5% da tffng QHTD vdi PNMD S d b a n tinh trung binh l i ngffdi yeu eua nam cdng nhan di cff KCN li ngffdi (1,9), ban finh bat chdt la ngffdi (2,1) va PNMD l i ngffdi (2.6) tn^c hon nhdn Sau nghiSn cffu td'ng quan tai li^u vl QHTD d cdng n h i n ngffdi lao ddng tren thS'gidi v i d Viet Nam chung tdi da Iffa chgn mgt sd' yeu td'liSn quan cd S nghia thd'ng kS dffa v i o phin tieh Bdng Mo hinh hoi guy da biin cdc yiu tdliin quan din QHTD cua nam cong nh&n Ve'uie'lraBE nfi binh Mitc j nghia a»ga dOc Up) (P) Bdng Ty If sd dgng BCS vdi cdc logi bgn linh ORhKndunh Khoanit Un c t v ( i » CI) r«« T ) K ( « l s d dime BCS TinsS L 2S- A^jjjf^ vraflia >25 ln=27| d6m(n=l4} Lu&n )uun n n i o c i l n f diinfl 13 25,9 71.4 H i u h f l cdc Ilo Mvl Kiinli 30,4 407 14,3 ViJi nEiKJi I M c - Hiadog ni^i d i h sfi l i n 6.3 14,3 Sffgiirtam SOikbilchindU^ic 1/2 i d I l a ) 30J 25,9 Khtat T6Bg, hao ; i 0 i.t 7.4 IW 100 100 (2,7S-16,IS) u.nii 1,71 (1,16-5.87) butb ngiy 0.007 6.8 Eia 7,74 ii.i6-3*m >% g i a - bin 0,DOI C6 6.00 (2.I3-I639) Khflngmtm kifn ihOc vi QHTD Phuh^p 0.002 3.4B iI.57-7.74) Chin phli h ^ - H«c van i c i p 3* > ci'p UU89 :,i'i (0,89-5,16) Lo^Aca Ciirp huven [Inh* Khdc Jnli 0713 15 (034-2 ^41 Thu nhfp 3lncu 0,568 IJB (0 55-2 941 154 1.77 lOg]-3!9l Xem p h i m / i n h khiSu dflm C6»m Trong nam vffa qua, ngudn thdng lin ehu yeu m i nam cdng nhan nhan dffdc la ti vi chid'm 64%, Internet chiS'm 45,8%, d i i va sach bio/tap chi td rdi chiem tff 37-39% ban bS, ngffdi than ehiem 2224%, c i c nguon khac chiem ty le dffdi 20% Tai KCN 66.7% nam cdng nhan cho bidt ho khdng 6,66 liir tmng Si!d(in« nau Nam cdng nhin b i t d i u QHTD lan dau trung binh 21 tudi (sdm nhat la 16 va mugn nhat li 26 tudi) Ban finh d i u tiSn eua ho da sd (88,4%) l i ngffdi ySu ngoii cdn ban g i i (khdng phai ngffdi ySu) chiem 7.1% Trong lln QHTD lan dau tiSn, g i n 1/4 nam cdng nhan khdng dung ba't ctf biSn p h i p n i o va chi 1/2 sd dd stf dung BCS QHTD vdi ban fmh dau uSn Cd 6,3% nam cdng nhin cho biet ngffdi ySu eua hg d i mang thai ngoai y mudn 1- lan v i cdtdi 1/5 so'dd khdng biet ngtfdi ySu minh ed mang thai hay khdng Ty 1^ nam cdng nhan ttf b i o mac STTs la 3,6% (i.OflO \ ^ ] cCinK Kh6ng x e m - Thild* Phub^ 0476 IJI Cd niiu phin uch lal s 183