XAY Dl/NG HO SO NANG Ll/C CUA GIAOVIEN DAY NGHE TS Cao Danh Chinh TrUdng Bgi hgc Suphgm Ky thugt Vinh Tdm tat Bii viet trinh b i y nhQng ket qua nghien cQu ve xiy dUng hd so nang lUc cua g i i o vien day nghe (GVDN) bao gdm: khai niem hd so nang luc, cic phUflng p h i p tiep can xay dung hd so nang luc, he thdng tieu ehuan, tieu ehi hd so nang lUc cua GVDN, Hd so nang lUe l i ca sd de p h i t trien chuang trinh, td chQc d i o tao, d i n h g i i v i xie nhan n i n g lUc cua ngUdi hgc nham rut n g i n khoing each giQa d i o tao v i sUdung ddi ngu GVDN Tdkhoa: Gido vien dgy nghi, hd sandng lUc Abstract The research presents the results on setting up the competency profile of vocational teachers, including the concept of competency profile, approaches in building competency profile, standards system and criteria in competency profile of vocational teachers This is the basis for developing curriculum, implementing training, assessment and certification of competency of learners to shorten the gap between training and using vocational teachers Keywords: Vocational teachers, competency profile Dat van de viee xiy dung chuang trinh, td chQc d i o tao va Dao tao theo nang lUc thUc hien (NLTH) la phuang thQc dao tao hudng tdi "diu ra", dUa tren tieu chuan quy djnh cho mgt nghe va d i o tao theo cac tieu ehuan dd.Tieu chuin nghe dugc xay dgng bang phuong phap p h i n tich nghe va phan tich chuc nang cua ngudi hinh nghe cd sU thda thuan ve tieu chuan giQa ben cung va ben ciu lao ddng Triet ly cua phuong thQc d i o tao la ngudi lao ddng can gi de hanh nghe thi day va hgc cii dd Phuang thQc d i o tao niy cho pheprut ngan dugc khoing cich giQa dao tao v i sQ dung Tuy nhien, de thuc hien theo phuang thQc d i o tao niy thi trudc het va quan trgng nhat la phii cd dugc he thdng tieu ehuin nghe (he thdng tieu chuan NLTH cua ngUdi h i n h nghe), nd ehinh la d i u cua q u i trinh dao tao, Mac du cd y nghia rat quan trgng, nhung d Viet Nam hien van chua cd he thdng tieu chuan NLTH ndi chung va tieu chuan NLTH cua GVDN, vl vay, thie'u co sd thuc tien cho danh gia nang lUc ngQdi hgc TQ ly tren chung tdi cho ring xiy dung hd so nang lUc cua GVDN la can thie't v i cap bich Ho sof nang iQc Hd so nang lUc (competency profile) l i danh sach cic nang lue can thiet de thue hien tdt mdt edng viec Nd l i b i n g md t i cic tieu chuan NLTH eua ngudi hanh nghe theo chUc nang ma hg d i m nhiem tai vi tri viee lam Hd so n i n g lUe cua GVDN bao gdm mgt he thdng tieu chuan NLTH la nhQng yeu cau co ban ddi vdi GVDN ve sQ thUc hien dUge cac hoat ddng (nhiem vu, cdng viee) theo cic tieu ehuan dat ddi vdi cic nhiem vu v i cdng viec dd Trong dd, mdt tieu chuan NLTH thudng cd ciu p h i n chinh la sQ thUc hien (cdng viec m i ngUdi GVDN cin thUc hien), dieu kien thUc hien (cie thdng tin, cdng cu, thiet bj v i cic ngudn lUc can thie't khac cung cap cho ngUdi GVDN de thuc hien h i n h ddng/cdng viec) v i tieu chuan (cic tieu chuan So 34 thing 7/2016 K H O A HOC D A Y NGHE [15] dung de xie djnh trinh can dat duge cua sU thuc viec Thdng thudng, mdt nghe cd den 15 nhiem hien, chung cd the bao gdm eic die tinh eua sin VU, moi nhiem vu cd tQ den 20 cdng viec v i mdt pham, cic yeu c i u ve quy trinh v i thdi gian) nghe cd khoing tQ 70 den 130 cdng viec Ke't qua Trong q u i trinh lao ddng, hd so nang lUc l i cin cQ de tuyen dung, bd tri cdng viec, d i o tao v i d i o tao lai, t r i lUOng cho ngQdi lao ddng Ddi vdi q u i trinh dao tao, hd so nang lUc l i ca sd de p h i t trien chuang trinh, td chQc d i o tao, d i n h g i i v i xie n h i n nang lUc ngUdi hge p h i n tieh nghe eho ta mdt bQc tranh ve so dd he Cac hudng tiep can xay dUng hd stf thdng cie nhiem vy, cdng viec va pham vi boat ddng m i GVDN p h i i thUc hien DUa tren so phan tich nghe de thie't l i p he thdng tieu ehuan NLTH cua GVDN Khic vdi p h i n tieh nghe, ke't qua cua phan tieh chQe n i n g (functional analysis) l i bieu ke't qua cua tQng cdng viec Phan tich chQc nang bat dau nang lUccua GVDN tQ viee xie djnh muc dich chinh cua to chUc, c i 3.1 Tiep can be tbdng nhan (key purpose) Muc dich n i y tUong Qng vdi Tiep can he thdng thie't l i p he thdng tieu chuan NLTH cua GVDN vdi viee xem xet tat c i cic n h i n td va q u i trinh lao ddng sU pham cua GVDN theo chQc nang v i nhiem vu 3uac quy dinh bdi Luat Giio due 2005, Luit giio due nghe nghiep 2014 va cac quydjnh hien hanh ddi vdi GVDN sQ mang cua hg, muc dieh n i y the hien die diem v i tinh chat ddc d i o cua vj tri GVDN cie cO sd day nghe Budc d i u tien cua q u i trinh p h i n tich l i xie dinh chUc nang chinh cua GVDN tai vj tri viee l i m , sau dd thQc hien ddng thdi q u i trinh p h i n tich v i l i p lai de dQa cac tuyen bd ve chQc 3.2 Tiep can mo hinb hoat dong ciia GVDN nang cua GVDN Q u i trinh n i y dUac thQc hien cho Md hinh hoat ddng cua GVDN rat da dang v i phQc tap, bao gdm: den mdi tuyen bd ve chQc nang cua GVDN l i - Hoat ddng day hgc (chuan bj len Idp, thUc hien day tren Idp, td chQc v i trQc tiep hudng dan HS thuc hanh, thue t i p nghe nghiep, danh g i i ke't q u i hgc t i p cua HS); GVDN phii thuc hien tai vj tri viec l i m Trong bieu - Hoat ddng giao due hgc sinh; Cdng t i c chu nhiem Idp; - Hoat ddng nghien cQu, trien khai va Qng dung eic ket q u i nghien cQu v i o viec ddi mdi q u i trinh day hgc; - Hoat ddng hge tap, bdi dudng va tU bdi dudng nang cao trinh nghiep vu sQ pham cua GVDN; - Hoat ddng xa hdi dd chQe ning, moi tuyen bd n i y l i mgt don vi chQc nang (a functional unit) the hien ke't q u i cdng viec m i ngudi h i n h nghe thUc hien, chinh vi viy, bieu dd chQc nang l i Xay dung ho stf nang lUc ciia GVDN Ve m i t cau true, hd sa n i n g luc eua giao vien day nghe bao gdm he thdng eac tieu chuan, mdi tieu chuan dUOc cu the h o i t h i n h cic tieu chi, moi tieu chi duac cu the h o i cic mQc can dat cua mdi tieu ehi Moi tieu ehi cd mgt ten ngan ggn de de nhd, kem theo mdt ndi dung ed dgng, chQa 3.3 Tiep can phdn ticb nghi vd phdn ticb chde ndng cua GVDN Viec p h i n tich nghe (job analysis) l i nham xie djnh cac nhiem vu (duties) va nhQng cdng viec (tasks) m i ngUdi GVDN phai thUe hien tai cae ca sd day nghe Cd nhieu phuong p h i p khac de phan tich nghe, phuang phap thudng dugc sQ dung la DACUM (Develop A Curriculum) ke't hgp vdi phuang p h i p chuyen gia de p h i n tich nghe GVDN Phan tich nghe l i viec xie djnh cic nhiem vu, cdng viee m i GVDN phii thUe hien tai noi l i m [16] K H O A HOC D A Y NGHE mdt md t i ve ket q u i cua mdt cdng viec m i ngUdi dung nhQng dau hieu cO ban ve chi't lugng theo dinh hudng ddi mdi g i i o due DN hien Cic tieu chuan v i tieu chi n i n g lUe cua GVDN dUge the hien d so sau: So 34 thing 7/2016 Xac dinh nhu cau nghe nghiep ciia HS/SV hoc nghe Hirfftlg Xac il|(ih nhu cju cua iiKitui hgc nghiep cho Cung cap thong tin ve co ho i viec jam HS;SV hoc liin lith nyho, phan lich ciing v nghe i: luc cua M);uoi hanh nKhi; Tu van phat trien nghe nghiep cho HS/SV hgc nghe -H Md ID naiic luc, kinli n;;hivTn cua hgc smh li - * | Xay d\mi; n Tham gia hoat dpng xa hoi Xac dinh khuny ihcri g u n cho cl Phat tnen cac go! dao tao theo nhu cau doanh nghiep tap cua HS HoyI dong \a hoi; nghien cihi h hgc lap cu.i hue si Hgp tac vol chuyen gia de day hgc, giao duc KH; phit trien chuven Nghien cum khoa hgc U[l^ Tu bdi duong nham nang cag trinh Sodd i He thong tieu chuan, tieu chi NLTH ciia GVDN >| Thung b Ke't luan I Su d^inu phu.m!; phjp v D\iu chmh day Cie tieu chua'n NLTH dugc ghi hd so nang luc l i tieu chuan d i u cCia qua trinh d i o tao v i nd la tieu chuan dau vao cua q u i trinh lao ddng Vi vay, cd the khing dinh, hd so nang lUc chinh l i ciu ndi giQ d i o tao v i sQ dung ddi ngu GVDN Nd l i dieu kien quan trgng nhi't de gan dao tao vdi nhu cau sQdung nhan iQc qua dd n i n g cao chat lugng d i o tao GVDN • ihdng lin phan hdi xuiig Ugl iroiif; lijp hgc hdi Lap kc liuach danh ^la kCi qua hgc i4p Dinh gii , Ihang kcl qua hoc lap kC-l q u a Thu ihap minh chimg va quyel (l|nh danh gia Tai lieu tham khao -*• k j soar kfl quJ danh gid j l-lp ke hoach danh gia khdj hgc John Burke (1989), Competency Based Education and Training, The Falmer Press; Tay Jor & Francis Inc: 1900 Frost Roand, Suite 101, Bristol, PA - J X i y d^rng c i c cong cu dJnh gia khda hgc I I'hun lich du lieu danh jjia khna hoc Shirley Fletcher (1995), Competence Based Assessment Techniques, Kogan Page Ltd, London riiitc hicn cac hoji dgng cai hen khda hoc -• LJp kc hoach t^iao due Shirley Fletcher (1997), Designing Competence - Based Training, 2ND edition, Kogan Page Ltd, London c nguyen '.ic loji hue rfip ci HS/SV hue n y h t ^^^ •) S \ • t>:,\: qua day hgc |—• : i chirc j j c hiial d»iig guo duc ngoai i; u :i b], v.-it ivr day hgc nghe ~f William E Blank (1982), Handbook for Bevelopmg Competency Based Training Programs, Prentice Hall, inc, Ohio -Sap xep dung cy, thiet b), v at lir day hoc nghe —^ D-.- iri cbii dg kICm , ( • v., [' v • '.L-.I •,• oc nghe —H Quan ly vice phjii phoi hao duong, sua chiia dung cu, -hi^* ii', \.'t Ngaynhinbii: 23/6/2016 Ngayphinbien: 20/7/2016 So 34 thing 7/2016 Ngiy dang: T h i n g 7/2016 K H O A HOC D A Y NGHE [17]