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BAN Vt V A N Bt NGircfl T V NAN XI-RI T ^ DlTC VA U$ Q U A Trdn Vi?t Thdi - Chu Thi Thu Phmmg* Tom tat Tic sau si^ kien "Mita xudn A-r^" (2011) vd ddc bi?t Id ticldii nSra cugc ngi chiin &Xi-ri den nay, dd cd hdng triiu ngudi JS-ri huge phdi rdi bd ddt nude di ty ngn Mgt phdn ddng ki sS dd da den Dice Ddy Id Idn sdng ti ngn Idn nhdt td sau Chiin tranh thi gidi thii din vd dgt ty ngn Idn way da di Igi nhdng he qud to Idn cho nin kinh te, chinh tri, on ninh vd xa hgi Ddc Trong bdi cdnh do, chinh phd Diic dd cd nhihig dieu chinh chinh sdch ddng ke, vi du nhu cdc chfnh sdch ve nhgp cu bf siit chgt, chinh^sdch an ninh eiing dugc tdng cudng Trong xd hgi Dice, xu hudng bdi xieh ngudi nude ngodi gia tang Tinh hinh tren dd tdc ddng d nhOng muc dg khdc tdi cgng ddng ngicdi Viit Nam tgi Dux: Tur khda: l y nan, Diic, Xi-ri, ngudi Vift d nude ngoai Cude ngi ehien tai Xi-ri nd ndm 2011, da Idm cho 4,9 ttieu ngudi Xi-ri phai rdi bd quS huong (so lieu thang 8/2016) Phdn Idn ngudi Xi-ri ty nan din cac nude Idng gilng nhu Tho Nhi ) ^ (2,5 trieu), Li-bang (1,1 tti?u) va Giode-da-ni (0,6 tri?u) So ngudi ty nan vao EU Id khdng Idn so vdi sd ngudi chay ttin khdi Xi-ri, ttong dd khoang 12% da din Diic (khodng 489.000 ngudi va • TS Tr^ ViSt Thai, Ph6 Vi^n tnidng, Vi?n Nghign cuu Chi6n luge, HQC vi|n Ngoai giao; Chu Thi Thu Phuong, Cdn bO nghifin cihi, W^n NghiSn ctiu Chi^n luge, Hgc vi$n Ngoai giao 196 3/2Q17 Nghiin cihi QuSc tisS (108) mpt sd ngudi khdng xde dinh dugc qude tieh, ttong ed ngudi Kurd, Palestine va Xi-ri).^ Diic Id nude nh$n nhilu, don xin ty nan nhit (441.900 ngudi) nam 2015 Con sd ndy ntdlu hon gdp ddi sd ngudi xm ty nan cimg k^ nam trudc (173.100 ngudi) va la nam thii si ngudi xin ty nan din Btc lien tuc tang Phin Idn cdc don ^ nan din tijt Xi-ri, 158.700 dem, gdp lin ndm 2014 (39.300 ngudi) Sl ngudi Xi-ri ty nan vdo Due tdng p ^t da gay nhieu he qua vS chmh trixd hgi cho Due Thgm chi dnh hudng true tiip tdi vai trd cim quySn ei!ia.Thu tudng Angela Merkel vd dang CDU Hnh hinh ngirdri tx nan Xi-ri t^i Due M§t s6 lugng ddng kS ngudi ty ngn Xi-ri da chgn diSm dSn la chau Au, ttong sd dd, Ddrc dd ttd diSm den ddng nhdt ciia hp Con sd ngudi ^ nan Xi-ri ma chinh phii Diie dd nhan nhu sau: Ndm 2013 va 2014, Chinh phii Diic dd nhdn ting cgng 20.000 ngudi ty nan Xi-ri Ngodi ra, chinh phu Due dd quyet dinh tham gia chuong trinh "Tai dinh cu" (Resettlement), theo dd Diic nhan 1.600 ngudi ty nan Xi-ri tir cdc nude chdu Au khde Cho den thdng 8/2016, E)uedd nhdn 437 ngudi ty nan Xi-ri tur Thi Nhi K;^ RiSng ndm 2015 ting cdng ed khodng 429.000 ngudi Xi-ri dang k^ ty nan (tiieo sl liSu ciia hS tiling EASY)^ vd 159.000 ngudi d| don xin ty nan lin diu d Diic Ngodi ra, edn cd 12.000 ngudi ty nan "khdng ro nude xuat xu" ttong dd cd ngudi Kurd, ngudi Palestme vd ngudi Xi-ri.^ Sd li$u cua Sd LiSn bang vl nhgp ' UNHCR Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2015 ^ H§ thSng EASY li mot h$ thing IT th6ng k6 s6 nguoi ty nan tren nu6c Dire (EASY vi£t 13t tii Erstverteilung der Asylbegehrenden) ' BAMF "Asylgeschaftsstatistik" Dezember 2015, Trang 3/2017 197 eu'va ty nan Diic cho biet: tir tli^g din thang nam 2016 da c6 khoSng 77.000 ngtrcri ty nan Xi-ri duge dSng ky h$ thdng Hinh 1: Nhirng diem dSn cu6i chii y§u cua ngucri xm ty nan 20062015 (Ngudn: UNHCR), EASY, khotog 196.000 nguoi dS don xin ty nan ciing khoang thdi gian va 13.000 nguM xin ty nan "khong ro nu6c xuAt xft", d6 co ci ngucri Kurd, Palestin va Xi-ri.* Nhu vay, thoi gian tfrnam 2011 cho dto 8/2016 da co khoSng 600.000 nguoi Xi-ri da xm ty nan a Due Lan s6ng nguoi ty nan Xi-ri d5 den Diic da dua nguoi Xi-ri tro nh6m, nguoi xin ty nan Ion nhit Diie tir nSm 2014 * Biindesinnenministerium, Pressemitteilung 8.8.2016 198 Nghiin cdru QuSc tisS (108) Dac diSm nhung ngirdi ts, nan Xi-ri t^i DITC Phin Ion ngudi Xi-ri ty nan din Ddc Id bit hgp phdp Theo thdng tin ciia co quan bien gidi Ddre Frontex, nhdm ngudi ^ nan Ion nhat d Due ttong nam 2015 la ngudi Xi-ri vdi tong sd Id 489.000 ngudi,^ Ap dung thda thuan Dublin, Diie cung da gui ttd lai nhung ngudi Xi-ri tii EU dS hg xin ty nan tai cac nuoc ndy Nam 2015, Dure da trd lai khodng 9.600 trudng hgp ^ nan, chi nhdn 168 trudng hgp ty nan Xi-ri vd chia cho cac bang.^ Ndm 2015, chi cd vdi nghin ngudi Xi-ri t^ cae ttai ty nan dr Li-bang dugc Diic nhdn theo thda thudn Dublin Nhin chung ngudi ty nan Xi-ri tai Diic cd eac dac diem sau: Ca cdu tudi vd gjdi tinh eiia ngudi ty nan Xi-ri dr Diie eiing kha tuong ddng vdi nhung nhdm ngudi ty nan khac 70% ngudi xin tj: nan Xi-ri dudi 30 tudi vd 27% chua dSn tuli niSn,' Idiodng 7.000 ngudi vi thdnh nien khdng ed nguoi di kem.^ Ty IS nii sd ngudi xin ly nan tii Xi-ri la khoang 26%.' Ca cdu chdt lugng gido due ciia nhm^ ngudi Xi-ri ty nan tai Diie, theo Sd Lien bang vS ngudi nhdp cu vd ty nan (BAMF) cho thiy sd gin 222.000 ngudi trudng thdnh xin ty nan thi cd 27% tit nghiSp dai hgc, 26,6% tit nghiep phd thdng trung hgc.^'* Cd the so sanh vdi ty le ndi chung dli vdi tit cd nhiing ngudi xin ly nan d Diic la 17,8% tdt n ^ S p Dai hpc vd 20,4% tit nghiSp phi 'Frontex Risk Analysis Network Quarterly Report Q4 2015, Tr 10 'Bundestags-Drucksache 18/6860, S 40 ' Bundesamt fOr Migration und FlQchtlinge, auf Anfrage des MEDIENDIENSTES ' Bundestagsdrucksache 18/9273, Seiten und ' Bundesamt fiir Migration uad FlQchtlinge, Das Bundesamt in Zahlen 2015, Seitel9 '" Anna-KatharinaRich, Asylantragsteller in Deutschland im Jahr 2015 Sozialstruktur, Qualifikationsniveau und Benifetatigkeit, Ausgabe 3/2016 3/2017 199 tiidng trung hgc.- T;^ IS tdt nghidp ti^u hgc hodc chua di hgc Id 3%, thip hon nhiSu so vdi ty 1$ chung Id 7,9% (xem Hinh 2) Tu nam 2012 d&i 2014, 1.350 ngudi Xi-ri dd de don xin cdng nhdn bang, cap vd khodng 97,9% dd dugc cdng nhdn.'' Besuchte Dnriehtungen (BiMungsflang nicht unbedinff afagesdik^ 24* ^^ * 25% Hinh 2; So sdnh ty If co hpc ciia ngudi df don xin ty n ^ glc Xiri va ngudi xin ty nan noi chung tai Diic (Nguon: BAMF) Ve khia cgnh thi trudng lao dong, cd khoang 19.000 ngudi Xi-ri can cd bao hiem xa hgi, 101.000 ngudi Xi-ri thit nghifp vd 196.000 ngudi duge bdo hiSm tim viSc (Theo so thdng ke thdng 8.2016).^ " Bundesministerium fllr Bildung und Forschung, Bericht zum Anerkennungsgesetz2016, Seiten?! ^^ BundesagenturfllrArbeit, Arbeitsmarkt in Ktlrze: Fluchtmigration, Seiten 7, und 11 200 Nghiin cmi QuSc tisS (108) Tmh trgng dodn, tu gia dinh cua ngudi ty nan Xi-ri: Ndi chung, nhimg ngudi Xi-ri dugc cdng nhdn quy ehl ty, nan cd quyen dua vg sang Diic doan tu NhOng ngudi dang dS don xin ty nan va hudng quy ehl bdo hd phvi Ididng duge phep dua ngudi sang doan tu gia ^nh eho dSn thdng 3/2018 Tre vi nien cd thS dua bd me sang dodn tu.'-^ Theo each tinh cua BAMF, m§i ngudi ty nan Xi-ri mdi trung binh 0,9 -1,2 ngudi nhd sang dodn tti Ndm 2015 dd ed 16.000 ngudi Xi-ri duge sang doan tu vdi gia dmh 2/3 ttudng hgp la tre em sang dodn tii vdi bd me Hien nay, nhOng ngudi ty r^in dd phdi dgi khd Idu dS dua ngudi nha sang dodn ty, edetiiiitue ngoai giao duge xft Iy khd ldu DS ddt duge mgt cdi hen nop don xin visa eung da mit hon m^t ndm.''* HiSn Chinh phu 15 bang eiia Diie da cd nhting ehuoi^ trinh tiip nh|n nhdn dao rieng cho nhiing ngucri cd hp hdng vdi nhiing ngudi da din Diic trudc 1/1/2013 vd sd hftu hd chilu Diic hoac mgt gidy phep luu tni lau dai tai Diic vdkSm theo dd Id mgt sl lugng visa vdo Diic Nhiing ngudi da sd hixu hg chilu Diic hodc gidy phep luu tru lau dai tai Diic muln mdi ngudi nhd tdi Diic cin phdi chiing minh ring hg sdn sang chiu mgi chi phi sinh hoat cho ngudi nhd eua minh tdi Diie Cac h^ qua dli voi mro'c Dire ViSc tiip nhdn ngudi ty nan tii Xi-ri vdo Due da dugc chinh phu Diic taoffiSukiSn thuan Igi s6 gjup Diic gidi quylt dugc mdt so van dS xd hdi: Dd la viSe md ciia cho ngudi ty nan tii Xi-ri "http://www.banif.de/DE/Fluechflingsschut2/FamilienasylFamiliennacbzug/fe miUenasyl-femiliennachzugnode.htmlasessionid=6D9288808D76D90C7AI9FB14CCA4851A.I_cid294 '* Um die Visumvergabe zu beschleunigen, hat das Auswartige Amt im Juni 2016 eine Kooperation mit derfiitemationalenOrganisation Sir Migration (KM) gestartet 3/2017 201 se ttanh Ihu dugc mOt d^i ngu nhiing ngudi tte, duge ddo tao tot lam tre hda lut: lugng lao ddng tai Diie ddn sd Diic ngdy cdng gia di, vd thilu nguIn lao ddng tte ttong xd hOi Ve lau ddi, viSc tiip nhein ngudi ty nan cd khd ndng tdc ddng tdt din kinh Diic xa hdi dugc cung cip mgt Idp ngudi trd, cd hgc thiie cao, Idm tang GDP cua Ddc Thi nhimg, cho din nay, vdn dl ty nsin da trd mgt khiing hoang cua xa hOi Diie Nd d^it nhiing khd khdn va thach thiie Ion eho kinh tl, xd hgi eiia Dure vd gdy nhung kho khan cho vif e tim gidi phap eho LiSn minh cim quyin CDUSPD Dd Id vi: Thd nhdt, thoat nhin, eac dilu ki?n hifn tai Id 1;^ tuong cho viec h^i nhdp ngudi ty ngn vao mdi trudng lao dgng ciia Diie Con sl ngudi thit nghiSp d Diie ttong Ihdng 10/2015 Id khodng 2,65 trieu ngudi, khoang 6% (xem Hinh 3), la miic thip nhit ttong 24 nam ttd lai ddy.^^ Nhu vdy, viSe tiep nhgn ngudi ty nan thdnh mdt luc lugng lao dgng vl nguyen tic se gdy it xao ttdn xd hgi ttong vin de cgnh ttanh dl ed cho lam.^'* Thi nhung, mdt phin Idn ngudi ty nan dSn Diie lai khdng eo bang hgc nghe Co ciu vS dd tuoi ciia ngudi ty nan Xi-ri tai Diic la Vi so ngudi tte hon 25 tuli va cd the duge dao t^o nghe Tuy nhiSn, vifc dao tgo nghe lai tin kem vd trudc mdt sl ngudi ttSn chuatiiSddng '* https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/3665 l/umfrage/arbeitslosenquotefi in-deutschland-nach-bimdeslaenderii/ ngAy 17/11/2016 '* http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschafl/soziales/arbeitslosigkeit-faellt-auf-24-jahresT tief-a-1060115.html i 202 3/2017 Nghiin cdru QuSc tisS (108) Hinh 3: T;^ le ngudi that nghifp d Diic tinh theo Bang (thang 10/2016) (Ngudn: Statista)^' gdp cho xa hdi vS mat tdi ehinh Bdi vay, gidc mo tuyIn dugc thSm ngudi lao ddng ldnh nghS cda chinh phii Diic thdng qua viec tiip nhan ngirdi nh$p eu nhdn dao, nhung lai khdng dem lai hieu qud kinh tS trudc mat "https://de.statista.com/statistik/dateii/studie/36651/uinfrage/art)eitslosenquotein-deutschland-nach-bimdeslaendem/ ngSy 17/11/2016 3/2017 203 Tha hai, lan sdng ty ngn din qua nhanh vd qua nhieu, lam eho cac dilu kiSn vdt ehit tai Diic khong kip dap dng Ve nhd d, thang 11 nam 2015, cd 42.000 ngudi ty nan tai Diic van phdi td tiic ttong nhihig tiip llu ttong mtia ddng lanh tdi Do tiiieu kinh phi, nhilu noi d Diie da dua gidi phdp tam thdi de nhiing ngudi ty nan song ttong nhd ddn, s\r vifc ndy eung da ddy gia thuS nha tai mgt so tiidnh Idn va thdnh phd dgi hgc ISn cao Cdc nha kinh tl ySu ciu dua ngudi ty nan din eae viing thieu nhdn edng lao dOng ma IM thiia nha d Cdc nhd chinh tri iy dua gidi phap dua ngudi ty nan din milfl Ddng Diie bdi noi cd nhilu nhd d bd khdng Thi nhung Ddng D6c eung la ngi cd t^ IS thit nghifp cao nhit nude Diie Vi vdy, ede nha chinh tri hpe Igi de nghi dua ngudi ty ngn din noi cd khd ndng kilm vif e lam cao hem vd can phdi xdy them nhd d cho ngudi ty ngn Vifc xay thSm nhd d xd hdi nhu v$y ddi hdi phai ed mgt chuong trinh h§ ttg, trj gia tuong ddi idn ttong nam 2Q16 Thd ha, lugng ngudi ty nan nhap cu ngdy cdng tdng de dpa tdi an ninh-xd hdi ciia Diic Cdng ngdy, tgi eac co quan an ninh cua Due tilng ndi phe phan ehinh sach dli vdi ngudi ty nan ciia Thu tudng Angela Merkel edng tdng Co quan bao ve hien phdp, Co quan ehing t^i phgm Lien bang, Co quan linh bdo LiSn bang D6c, Cdnh sat LiSn bang dSu bay td su lo nggi ngdy edng tdng ddi vdi vin dl an ninh cua Diic Vifc Hda nhgp hang tram nghin ngudi nhdp cu bat hgp phdp vdo Diic hi cdc chuyen gia an ninh ddnh gid Id mpt vifc 1dm khdng tudng Hp cho ring song song vdi vife eho phep nhdp cu, nha nude dd nhdp ludn ca eh]u nghia hdi-gido cue doan, chu n ^ a bdi Do Thai ciia cdc nud^ A-r|ip, nhung xung ddt sdc tdc e ^ ede dan tde khdc, cung nhu nhiing gid tri khde ve 204 3/201% Nghiin clhi QuSc tisS (108) quySn yd, xd hpi.'* Cdc ca quan an ninh eho ring viSe nhdp eu ngirdi ty nan sS tao nhftng nhdm ngudi theo ehfi nghia cue doan Bdi vdy, nhiing ngudi theo trudng phdi trung dung da ngdy cang ngd vS cdnh hiiu khdng ^ g hd chinh sach nhap cu, thdm chi cho ring ehinh sdch ndy sS din din viSe nhilu ngudi se quay lung Igi vdi nhd nude phdp quyen Ckc euge tin edng ph\i nft tiin hdnh eung cang tdng Do vgy, ty If nft xin ty nan cda ngudi Xi-ri chi dat 26%, gdy mit can bing gidi tinh ttong ngi bd cdng ddng ngudi Xi-ri xin ty nan Dilu dd cgng vdi nhftng khdc bift ttong vdn hda cua hai ddn tdc cd IS ciing Id hai ttong sl nhiing I^ khiln cho nhiing euge tin cong vdo phu nft Ddc ngdy cdng gia tdng Vu viSc diu tiSn duge ghi nhan Id vdo dem giao tliiia 31/12/2015 tgi phi Cologne, ehftng 1.000 ngudi ddn dng cd ngoai hinh gdc Bie Phi tiidi tCr 15 den 35 da nhiie mg, Igi dung, tin edng tinh dpc, vd eudp bde hang loat phy nft eac liia tuli d Diic RiSng ttong vu vifc cho dki da co 1200 don td edo, 19 phiSn tda vd 22 bi ceb Tiep sau Id mdt logt cae vp tin cdng tinh due d ttong 1^ hdi tgi Essen (9/2016), eae cudc tan cdi^ tinh due dli vdi phy nft cang gia tdng tgi cdc bl boi thdnh phd Duesseldorf, Oberhausen Nhiing cupc tin cdng ndy dugc ghi nhan la nhung ngudi dan 6ng CO bl ngodi cd vd Id ngudi ty ngn gdc Bdc Phi ttong dd cd nhftng ngudi Xi-ri thuc hiSn VS tinh hinh an ninh, luc lugng IS da ttd ttdn vao ddng ngudi di cu Idm tang nguy ca de dga an ninh cho cd Diic lin EU ht^s://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/articIel48000968/Sicherheitsexpertenentsetzt-ueber-deutsche-PoUtik.html 3/2017 205 Germany's week of violence { A I (nin MMH! MondaKMirU ivttSMg GERMANY • ArabKh SincKWDonitianacH Sundm July 24 HMOIngMi I Maclwifl attack Shopptofl mai "~*"" , Hinh 4: Ban dl cac nai bj khiing bl tgi Du:cttongthang 7/2016 (NguIn: CNN, 4/9/2016) Td Sunday Express cim Anh vd BBC ngdy 18/11/2015 cho bilt co 4.000 tay siing khung bl IS dd ttd ttpn vdo ddng ngudi ty nan vdo Chdu Au.^^ Cd mdt tiiin le ttong tiidng (18-24/7/2016) xdy liSn tiep cdc vu tin edng khiing bo dam mdu tai Diic: 18/7 vu tan cdng bdng riu tai Wuerzbiug, 22/7 vu xa siing t^ mdt trung tam ban hang, d Muenehen, 24/7 vii danh bom tu sdt tai Ansbach, va ciing 24/7 Id vu tan cdng bdng dao tai Reutiingen (xem Hinh 4) Ngay 14/8/2016, ttong euge ttd Idi phdng vin diu tidn c ^ minh, Harry S mdt ngudi Xi-ri ty ngn d Diic~ da tiing duge huin luyfn Idm khung bd IS, bj bit va bi kit dn tii giam nam d Diic da cho biet IS da ddt chdn ISn nude Diic, td ehiic cdc cudc tin edng diu "http;//www.express.co.uk/news/world/555434/lsIamic-State-ISlS-SmuggIerTHOUSANDS-Extremists-into-Europe-Retiigees 206 3/2017 Nghiin cim QuSc tisSl (108) tiSn d cac thdnh phi Ansbach vd Wuerzburg^" va cdc cudc tin cdng ciia IS se ngdy cdng mdrdng Thd tu, nhiing cang thing ttong vifc nhdnngudi ty ngn ciing dd gdy mau thuan cang thdng gifta cac nude tiSp nhdn va EU, gifta EU va Diic Cdc nude phdn doi ehinh sach nhdp cu eua Diic ngdy cang rd rSt Italia, Sip, Hy Lgp, Malta, Bl Ddo Nha va Tay Ban Nha td khdng hdi Idng ve viSc phai chiu cac chi phi dl ciiu giup hang chuc ngdn ngudi di eu TheS thda thudn Dublin sfta ddi, nhiem vu ngdn chgn ngudi di cu hiu nhu hodn toan giao cho cdc nude tiip gidp chau Phi Khi thuyin nhdn dSn nuoc ndo titi ehinh phii nude dd phdi lo tiip ddn an, d, xem x6t hd so xin ty ngn Cac nude thdnh viSn khde cd nghia vy ho ttg Tuy nhiSn, Ludt cua EU khdng phan chia gdnh ndng ttSn Thd ndm, su phdi hgp, h§ trg gifta EU eung chua tdt Tgi Lybia, cd 500.000 - 1,5 triSu ng;udi nude ngodi, ehu yen Id ngudi glc Bie Phi dang cu tni Sd ndy cd khd ndng ttdn vao EU Tuy nhien, Italia dua y kiln "Ian sdng xdm Idng 1,5 triSu ngiidi ndy cd the danh guc bit ky mdt nhd nude ndo", phan iing cua ehdu Au khd lgnh nhat Thuy DiSn, Ddc dd tl cdo Italia 'Ve dudng eho huou chay" Thdm ehi, hg edn ndi "chiing tdi vin chua nhin thdy \ki sdng ngudi tft Libya dp vao chdu Au"^^ Phdp td y rat dd ddt tnrdc vifc phdi chia se gdnh nang eua vifc chdm sdc ngudi di cu.^^ Thic sdu, tit cd nhung xao ttdn xd hgi ttong nude Diic dy da din den vifc tu tudng bdi ngoai, phdn dli ngudi nhgp cu ttdi ddy: Ngdy 3/07/2014, Qudc hdi Due da bd philu silt chgt Ii4t ti nan "http://www.merkur.de/politik/is-aiissteiger-haiTy-s-wamt-nach-anschlagansbach-terror-angriff-deutschland-begomien-663 53 60.html ^' ht^://vietinfo.eu/tin-flie-gioi/noi-bo-lien-hiep-chau-au-chia-re-truoc-moi-dedoa-cua-lan-song-di-tan-den-tu-libya-.html ^ PGS TS Nguyin Van Lich, I l n h hinh Di cu vSo EU, 2014 3/2017 207 ciia nude ndy 48% ngudi Diie ung hd han chi yiSc nhdp cu Cdc rao cdn ve ngdn ngft, vdn hda Diie duge dat Idm khd khan thSm eho viec nhdp cu.^ Cdc thii tuc cho ngudi nhdp eu din bj siSt chat Hien nay, Dtic dd diing viec nhdn ty ngn kinh tl md chi cdn'nhdn ty nan chiin ttanh vd chmh trj Thu tuc true xuat ngudi khdng dugc nhgn quy che ty ngn dugc day len nhanh chdng, cac thd tuc dodn tii gia dhih vd nhdn de d lai s@ phdi trdi qua qud trinh xem xdt, thim dinh Idu ddi, yid khan Thic sdu, ede khd khan ttong xd hdi din ndn gay dp luc mgnh ISn nSn chinh tri Dm; Ngdy 5/9/2016, Thii tudng Angela Merkel (CDU) da phai cdng nhgn ring chinh sdeh nhdp cu ciia Diic dd dem lai thiSt hm cho vifc van dgng ttanh cii Thu tudng LiSn bang nam 2017 cua Ddng CDU Trong sd diSm ciia CDU tut xuIng miic chua tiing thip nhu vgy (tu 45% thang 9/2013 xuIng cdn 33% tiidng 10/2016) tiii sd dilm eda ddng AfD (ddng cue hftu) lai tdng ISn chua tung ed (tft 5% vdo thdng 9/2013 ISn 13% vao thang 10/2016)^ Tai bang Saehsen-Anhalt, ddng AfD tham chi da thing Igi gidn gia dgt din sd 24% vao thang 3/2016 Ngay 4/9/2016, ttong cudc biu cu tgi bang MecklenburgVorpommemm, que huong eiia ba Thu tudng Angela Merkel (CDU) tiiy dang SPD (gidm tft 35,6% xu6ng 30,6%) van tiling cii vd gift duge vi tri truyen thing eua minh, nhung ddng AfD (tang tir 0% len 20,8%) da tft khdng cd meit ttong Quie hdi bang len tiidng vi tii tiift sau ddng SPD va danh tut ddng CDU (tir 23% xudng edn 19%) xudng vi tii thu Chu tich AfD, ba Frauke Petry cho ring "ddng CDU dang tan ( ) va ede chi bd ddng CDU tai " PGS TS Nguyin VSn Lich, Tinh hinh Di cu vao EU, 2014 "http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/sonntagsfrage-umfragen-zubundestagswahl-landtagswahl-europawahl-a-944816.btml 208 3/2017 Nghiin cihi QuSc tisS (108) nhilu dia phuong cfta Dtic khdng cdn ding tinh vdi chinh sdeh (vl ngudi ty nan) cda ba Merkel nfta".^^ Tac d^ng din cgng dong ngirdi Viet & Du'c Nhftng thay dli tft vdn dS ty naxi xa hdi Diic 1dm dnh hudng tdi nhung cgng dong ngudi cd n^dn g^c nude ngoai d Dftc Cdng ding ngudi Viet is Dftc dugc danh gia la mOt cpng ding cham chi lam an vd gidi hpe t|p, hiu nhu Ididng g§p vin dl g^ ttong vifc hOi nhgp va cd dnh hudng tot din c&ig ding ttong khu vuc sinh sing Tuy nhiSn, hp cung ggp phdi m$t so tae dpng ^an tiip nhit dinh lien quan dSn viSc ngudi ty nan Xi-ri dl din Dftc Su dnh hudng dugctiiShiSn d hai Idiia eanh nhu sau: Thu nhdt, ehinh sach nhdp eu silt chdt (thii tuc true xuit ngudi vi pham ludt phdp ciing nhu ngudi bi khudc tft don ty nan dugc gidi quySt vdi tie dd nhanh ehdng) 1dm vifc xin dodn tu gia (finh Cling nhu n h ^ dS d lai Dftc eda cdng ding ngudi ViSt bi gdp khd khan nhit djuh, tri hoan, keo dai hoge tft ehdi Ding thdi Chinh phii Dftc cung bac don xin ^ nan kinh tl ma ehi nhdn don ty ngn chiSn tranh vd chinh tri Thu hai, tinh hinh bai xieh nguoi nuoc ngodi Sng cao 1dm nguy CO bi tin cdng bdng nhilu hinh tiifte khde dli vdi nhihig ngudi sinh sdng d Due, ttong dd cd ngudi ViSt tai Dftc tdng ISn, anh hudng mdt phin tdi euge sing eua ngudi Vift d Dftc Ben cgnh nhftng tdc ddng khdng thugn, chinh phu Dfte Igi dl mpt sd ehinh sdch cd Igi cho ba Vift Nam tai Dftc nhu sau: Tha nhdt, kl tft ngdy 6/8/2016, chmh phu Dfte dang triln khai ehinh sach uutiSntiiftnghifm cho ngudi ty ngn tgi 133/156 CO quan tim viec lam edp quan ttong vdng nam Ngudi ty ngn chua dugc quylt dinh don bdo ve nhdn dgo, bdt diu cd khd nang "li^://edition.cmLCom^0I6/09/04/europe/germany-alteniative-turdeutschland-afd-angela-meikel/ 3/2017 209 tiip c9n thj truong lao d^ng sau thang lini tni Tuy nhien, van 23 CO qiran d p qu$n vSn x6t duyet theo quy trinh cu la d c4c bang Bayem: Aschaffenburg, Bayreuth-Hof, Bamberg-Coburg, Fiirth, Niimberg, Schwemfurt, Weiden, Augsburg, Miinchen, Passau, Traunstein; bang Nordrhein-Westfalen: Bochum, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Oberhausen, Recklinghausen v4 bang Mecklenburg-Vorpommem ^ Tha hai, BO Lao d0ng va XS hOi Dilc dS dg chuong trinh "M6 co h6i - bao dim svr tham gia cua xS hSi" nhin giam; s6 lu