Nguyên nhân và xu hướng biến đổi vai trò già làng ở tây nguyên trong bối cảnh mới hiện nay

TAP CHI'KHOA H O C - S D IB/ZOl? || 165 NGUYEN NHAN VA XU HUONG BIEN DOI VAI TRO GIA LANG TAY NGUYEN TRONG BOI CANH M | HIEN NAY Nguyen Van Thang* '', Phan Quang Trung' Truang Dgi hoc Thii Hd Ndi ^ Vien Khoa hgc Xd hdi vimg Tdy Nguyin Tom tdt: Bdi viel giai thieu ve thiit che gid ldng, vai trd cua gid ldng vd su bien doi cua nd bdi cdnh mdi Trong do, chiing tdi quan tdm lam rd nguyen nhdn biin ddi vd cdc xu hudng biin ddi vai trd cua gid ldng dudi tdc ddng cua cdc yeu to xd hgi hien nhdm Idm rd nhimg diem phii hap vd khong cdn phii hap vai trd cita gid long, qua do, giup cdc CO quan qudn ly nhd nuac iham khao di dua cdc chuang trinh, ke hogch bdo tdn vd phdt huy vai Pd ciia ihiil chi ndy gdp phdn cung cd xdy dimg khdi dai doan kel ddn tgc Tie khda: Gid ldng, thiit chi gia ldng, hiin ddi vai trd gid ldng, xu hirang biin dot vai trd gid ldng M O DAU Trong cdng ddng xa hgi cac tdc ngudi thilu sd d Tay Nguyen' truyen thdng, chua hinh luat phap cua mgt t6 chuc xa hdi co giai cip nhu cac che tai, dinh che phong kien Viet Nam Tai day chi t6n tai cac thi^t chS xa hdi truyen th6ng va luat tuc khong van dugc trao truyln qua cac thi he bing hinh thirc truyen mieng Luat tuc, quy djnh thai img xir giiia ngudi vdi ngudi, vdi xa hgi vdi mdi trudng thien nhien, cac quan he so hihi, hdn nhan - gia dinh, tin nguong, phong tuc va le nghi la nhimg chuan muc da hinh va phat triln qua trinh Ijch sir tgc ngudi No phan anh ddi song xa hgi tmyen thdng ciia mdi tdc ngudi va dugc toan the cdng dong mac nhien chap nhan, tu giac tuan thu nhu mot thoi quen, mgt tap quan Dd cung chinh la quy tac dam bao cho su phat Nhan bai 21 5.2017; chinh siia, gui phan bien va duyet dang 20.6.20! Lien he tac gia Ngu\ In Van Thang, Email nvthang@daihoclhudo edu Tron" bai viSt na\, t.hu vuc Tay Nguyen duoc hieu theo khong gian van hoa \a hoi Iiao gom ca 23 huven thuoc tinh thinh giap Tay Nguyen 1MJL TRLTdNB BAI HOC T H U B O HA NDI trien trudng tdn, vimg chac ciia timg cdng ddng, lan ddi sdng van hda tgc ngudi tren ca sa chung song va tdn lan Ve khai niem "gia Iang", thuc te ngdn ngir cua ddng bao cac dan tdc thieu sd d Tay Nguyen khdng cd hai tir nay, ma chi cd khai niem ve ngudi dung dau mot bg tdc hoac mgt vung dat Dd la cac chu budn, bon, chu dat, theo each ggi ciia mdt sd tpc ngudi Tay Nguyen la khac nhau, nhu: Kruanh bon, U ruanh bon (Mndng, S'Tieng), Pd pin ea, Pd elan (Ede), Kra Pie (Se dang), Tha Plai (Jrai), Bok Kra plei (Ba Na) Trong ngdn ngii cac dan tdc Tay Nguyen, hp la nhimg ngudi "gdc Iang", "ngudi thieng - ciii lira", "ngudi lam ldn" cdng ddng Khai niem "gia Iang" chi mdi xuat hien tir sau nam 1954 theo ldi nghi va each ggi ciia mgt sd can bd lam cdng tac van ddng quan chiing hoac nhimg ngudi suu tam van hoa dan gian truyen thdng Tay Nguyen chi nhimg ngudi cao tudi dugc coi trpng cgng dong Khai niem dan dugc bien va su dung rdng rai tdi Vi tri gia tang cdng ddng thieu sd Tay Nguyen khdng han la mgt dia vi bau cu hay tuyen chgn ma cd Khdng cd so Iugng quy dinh hay cd dinh Cting khdng nham chi nhung ngudi da gia (ngudi cao tudi) mdi dugc ton vinh lam ngudi lanh dao cao nhat ciia cgng ddng, ma dii cdn tre, neu cd dao due, tai gidi, cd kinh nghiem san xuat,hdi tu dii tin nhiem ciia ddng dao cac vien cgng ddng, mdt trudng hgp nao do, van cd the dugc bau Iam lanh dao,ciing nhu mac nhien dugc chii Iang va cdng ddng tham khao y kien, can thiet Gia Iang la sir tdng hgp y thirc cua hai khai niem: ca nhan va cgng ddng Ca nhan d day dugc sang Igc va lua chgn theo nhung tieu chuSn nghiem ngat, nhu: Tudi tac, kinh nghiem,su tin nhiem dugc tap the ciing ddng long tdn vinh Ban than ca nhan dd cung phai tu khang dinh va thudng xuyen Iam viec de nang cao uy tin, vi thi cua minh Day chinh la mdi tuong quan thich hpp chi cd cac sic dan thilu sd cd tinh cdng d6ng cao ddi sdng sinh boat tdc ngudi Bdi, cho dii la mdt ca nhan cu thi cd nhilu kinh nghiem hoac kien thirc sau rgng din dau di chang nira, nlu tach rdi khdi cdng ddng thi khdng bao gid cd the trd "gia Iang" dugc Dilu cung ly giai vi thdi ky Phap thugc va suot nhimg nam dudi chinh thi nguy quan, nguy quyin Sai Gdn, cac chuc sac chinh quyen dat ra, khdng hi dugc cgng ddng coi la "gia Iang" Cac "gia Iang" tren thuc chat la tap hgp nhimg ngudi dung dku cac ngdi nha (bip) Idn mot cdng dong, trudng mdt ddng hp hay chu mdt Iang minh tu lap nen Hp khdng chi giir vai tro lanh dao ve tinh than, ma cdn la ngudi "cdm can muc" mgi mat ddi song xa hdi cdng dong Binh thudng se chi cd ngudi dau Iang quylt dinh nhimg vdn dl thudng nhat, nhung cd nhirng viec he trpng lien quan den su sdng cdn cua toan thi cdng dong, cac gia Iang se dugc tap hgp lai de ciing ban bac, day cung la dilm phat huy cao nhat sue manh tri tue va tinh thdn cdng ding TAP CHl KHDA HOD - SO IB/ZDT? ^ LJ®1 Gia Iang d cac budn, bon, plei khong tao mot tang lap thdng tri, hay mdt td chiic d tren nhiing gia dinh mdt tap hgp dan cu.Vi vay, hiem cd chuyen tranh chdp chiic vi mdt cgng ddng Nhirng ngudi cd uy tin, cd kinh nghiem sdng, am hieu luat tuc, phong tuc, dugc xem nhu la nhiing hien than ciia truyen thdng, su khdn ngoan ciia ca mdt tap hgp ngudi Va, dieu hanh cgng ddng ludn tuan thii theo cac le tuc, tap quan, kinh nghiem, than linh ma cac gia Iang chi la ngudi thay mat de hudng dan, phat ngdn Do anh hudng ciia cdng cudc xay dung va phat trien kinh te, ciing nhu su nhap cu ciia cu dan tir nhieu mien dat, den dinh cu tai Tay nguyen, ddi sdng xa hdi cao nguyen da cd nhieu ddi thay.Cac cgng ddng tdc ngudi thieu sd d Tay nguyen khdng cdn la nhiing thuc the xa hdi ton tai biet lap niia ma da trd cac dan vi ca sd ciia mgt he thong xa hgi rgng ldn, thdng nhat tir Trung uong cho den dia phuong Ca sd van hanh ciia chinh quyen, ciia xa hdi rdng ldn dd la luat phap Tuy nhien, nhimg quy dinh bat van cua cac tgc ngudi (luat tuc), van luon ludn dugc coi la di san van hoa, la kho tang tri thuc dan gian phong phu, can dugc ke thira va phat huy.Mdt nhiing dac tnmg dd la tri thiic ve quan ly cdng dong, quan ly xa hgi truyen thdng thdng qua vai trd, vi tri ciia gia Iang Do chinh la su ket hgp giiia quan ly cdng ddng va tu quan ket hgp giiia giao due va trimg phat, giiia cac nguyen tac cua tap quan vdi nhiing quan niem ve tin ngudng tam iinh nham giai quyet mpi moi xung dot xa hgi NOl DUNG 2.1 Cac nguyen nhan tac dong Iam bien doi vai trd gia Iang 2.1J He tbSng chinh trj moi/ chinh sach cua Nha nw&c tir sau Giai phdng Trong xa hdi truyln thdng tac ddng ciia dieu kien tu nhien, dan cu va dan tgc gia Iang CO vai trd to Idn viec quan ly xa hdi Ngay nay, dieu kien kinh te xa hdi da thay doi, ddi hoi phai cd thilt chi quan ly xa hdi phii hgp la he thong chinh tri mdi, thdng nhat ca nude, bao gom: to chiic Dang, chinh quyen, mat tran va cac doan the Phu nii, Thanh nien, Cuu chien binh va Nong dan Nhirng nhan td tiln bg da dugc xac djnh rd rang vdi su ddi ciia cac thdng tu, nghi dinh, quylt dinh hudng ddn, dieu hanh ve td chiic va hoat dpng cua thdn budn vdi nhirng nguyen tdc co ban la trien khai thuc hien nhirng ngi dung cdng ddng dan cu ciia thon ban va quyet dinh; tap hgp, phan anh de nghi chinh quyen xa giai quyet nhiing khuyen nghi, nguyen vpng chinh dang cua nhdn dan Ia canh ta> ndi dai quan Iy nha nude d cap ca sd Vdi nhung nguyen tac dd viec quan ly xa hgi ciia he thong chinh tri luon co vai tro quyet dinh va no da thuc hien timg budc xoa bo nhirng diem khong cdn phii hgp, tu 168 II TRUCJNB BAI H O C T H U B D H A NIJI phat theo xa hgi truyen thdng Day la ca sd, nguyen tic hoan toan phii hgp vdi ddi sdng xa hpi hien nay, va nd ciing cd vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi viec luu giir cac gia tri tdt dep van hoa truyen thdng tdc ngudi Ddng thdi, day cung la yeu td anh hudng den sir bien ddi vai trd cua thiet che gia Iang d cac tgc ngudi thieu sd tai chd d Tay Nguyen Trong qua trinh phat trien cac yeu td phap li ciing timg budc dugc hoan thien, ngudi dan cang nhan thiirc dugc vai trd ciia phap luat, tuan thii phap luat, do luat tuc md nhat dieu keo theo vai trd cua gia Iang ddi sdng xa hdi khdng cdn dugc phat huy va cang md nhat so vdi trudc Ben canh do, cac chuang trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va an ninh qudc phdng nhu: dinh canh - dinh cu; di dan cd td chuc tir cac vimg khac de lap khu kinh te mdi, xay dung tap doan san xuat, quy hoach cac du an quan ly va bao ve rimg, tai dinh cu va xay dung thuy dien ciing da va dang cd tac ddng ldn tdi vai trd cua gia Iang va ngudi cd uy tin d cac tdc ngudi thieu sd tai cho d Tay Nguyen hien 2.1.2 Ton giao m&i Trong thdi ky chu nghia thuc dan cu va mdi, su cd mat cua tdn giao mdi, liic ddu la ciia Cdng giao ngudi Phap dua vao tir nhung nam 1850, vl sau la Tin lanh ngudi My dua vao trudc nam 1975, ben canh cac budn Iang ddn tdc thilu sd tai cho theo tin ngudng da thdn truyen th6ng da xu^t hien cac budn ldng theo Cdng giao va Tin lanh, dan din suy giam rd ret vai trd ciia gia Iang Vdi ton giao mdi, due tin xudt hien khien luat tuc it cdn ch6 dung ddi sdng giao dan Dieu dong nghia vdi hoat ddng cua td hda giai budn Iang ma vien diu la tin ton giao, khdng cdn dua nhilu vao ludt tuc ma dua nhilu vao giao ly Trong bdi canh dd, vai trd ciia gia Iang vdi tu each dai dien phong tuc thuc thi luat tuc khdng cdn dugc phat huy va cd tieng ndi quyet dinh ddi sing tam linh ciia cdng ddng, cung nhu tieng noi cua gia Iang nhu la dai dien cua luat tuc khdng cdn cd y nghTa quylt dinh t6 hda giai Do cd nhung khac biet ve nilm tin va giao ly Tin lanh va Cdng giao da va dang tac dgng Idn lam mai mgt dan di nhieu net van hda truyln thdng ciia cac dan tdc thilu sd tai chd Tay Nguyen, nhu: nha rdng, cdng chieng sir thi, le bd ma, dan ca dan nhac, dan vu thay vao dd la nha thd, nha nguyen, hat ca Vdi sd it gia tri van hda cdn lai, tdn giao mdi khong bai xich nhung cung khdng khuyin khich tri B6i canh dd ddn den vai trd dpng vien dan ldng bdo ton van hda truyen thdng cua gia Iang nhu la cdu ndi van hoa tm\en thong vdi duong dai cung mdt dan ca sd tdn tai Mdt each tu nhien vd dl hilu, vai tro tri bao tdn van hoa truyen thdng ciia gia Iang d budn Iang theo tdn giao mdi dang md nhat ddn di T A P C H I K H O A H O C - SD 1S/2D17 || 169 2.1.3 Kinh te tbi trir&ng Kinh te toan cau hda dSn tdi su lan truyen cua van hda tieu diing, lam thay doi phuang thiic quan he, sinh hoat d khu vuc dan tdc thieu sd Mdi quan he khdng chi d buon Iang ma dugc md rdng, phat trien budn ban ben ngoai Mgt sd nien ddn tdc thilu so di hgc tap va lao dpng d ben ngoai ve, chiu anh hudng sau sac ciia van hoa tieu diing, tham chi cdn sinh tam ly tu ti vdi van hda truyen thdng Tang trudng kinh te keo theo su phan hda giau ngheo giiia cac tdc ngudi va chinh ngi bd cdng ddng, tir dd lamdan thay ddi, chuyen biln tu tudng, quan niem va cac moi quan he cdng ddng, cac gia tri van hda truyen thong bi xem nhe, khdng cdn ddng vai tro quan trpng ddi sdng cac d6ng bdo dan tgc niia Net van hda truyln thdng chi bao ton tren san khau, nai sdch vd hay suy tu ciia cac nha nghien ciiu.Cac tri thiic dan gian khdng thich hgp vdi ddi song kinh te thj trudng thi bi mai mdt va ddn biln mat Miic dd hieu biet ciia nhiing tri thiic dan gian cang bi thu hep vd vai trd cua no cugc sdng ddn dugc thay the bdi he thdng tri thuc khac Mgt sd nhiing tri thiic dan gian budc vao ddi song thj trudng bi bien ddi theo hudng thi trudng hoa va it gan vdi ddi song sinh hoat cdng dong Kinh te phdt trien, coi trpng vat chat, khdng gian truyen thdng khdng con, "tam thiic rimg" da bien doi va thay vao la nha cira, nuong ray dugc xdy dung va khai thac theo each thiic mdi, phuong phap hien dai Rimg khdng nhieu gia trj the gidi tam Iinh cung nhu ddi sdng san xudt cua ddng bdo dan tdc niia,dat dai chi quan trpng doi vdi ngudi ddn nd cd gia tri hoat dgng kinh te Su thay doi ca cdu cay theo hudng cong nghiep thay cho nhirng cdy truyen thong (lua nuong cdy rirng ) da lam mat di khong gian dien xudng va mdi trudng truyen day nghe thudt dan gian ciia ngudi Tay Nguyen 2.2 Xu hirdng bien doi vai tro eua gia Iang 2.2.1 Vai tro cua gia Iang van dgng theo htrdng cang da dang han ca ve nhiem vu, ngi dung, hinh thirc Tgc ngudi thieu sd d nude ta noi chung d Ta\ Nguyen noi rieng vdn dT co tinh co ket cgng ddng rat cao dieu kien mdi trudng sinh sdng cung vdi nhu cau sinh hoat, sinh ton nen dat cho cac vien phai co su lien ket de phdt trien san xuat, bdo ve ndi gidng, xay dung cudc song ciia cdng dong.Cac gia Iang d vao giai doan each xa chiing ta nhieu thap k> Ia cho dua ve tinh than cho cong dong chi dan giiip dong bao dan tgc co >' thirc xay dung, xir 1>' nhiing van de lien quan den tap tuc cac nghi Ie (cdu may, cdu mua, dat 170 II T R U d N B BAI HOC T H U BO HA NDt ten, nghi ll trudng thanh, ma chay ), ddi sdng tam linh nhung trudc sir bien ddi cua xa hgi thi vai trd ciia hg ciing cd nhung biln ddi theo de phu hgp hon vdi bdi canh mdi Tinh quy luat su van ddng, phat triln kinh tl xa hdi cua dat nude, cac viing kinh tl cang thi hien rd hong ddi sdng cdng ddng Do nhu cau muu sinh tdn tai va phat triln, cac cudc di dan tir phia bdc vao cimg vdi su phat triln cua luc Iugng san xuat da timg budc lam thay ddi dien mao kinh tl - xa hdi Tay Nguyen Chinh dieu kien kinh te, su phat triln ciia ca sd tdng, khoa hoc cdng nghe da lam thay ddi nhdn thiic, tam nhin ciia cac cdng ding dan tdc thilu sd noi day Tac ddng ciia cdng nghiep hoa ciing vdi viec cu ddn di cu sdng xen cu vdi ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd da cd su giao thoa van hoa, timg budc pha vd thi khep kin ciia cdng ddng Quan he xa hdi cang md rdng, da dang hon, trao ddi san phdm, mua ban diln sdi dpng tren thi trudng Vi the, vai trd cua gia Iang ciing dang dugc bien dgng va hudng theo su thay ddi ciia xa hpi mdi, hp khdng cdn khep kin cdng dong nira ma dang timg budc cd anh hudng tdi nhung cdng ddng xen cu, can cu Trudc su van ddng da chieu, nang ddng phiic tap dd cung tac ddng khdng nhd lam bien ddi nhdn thirc tu duy, Ie ldi phong each, phuang thiic hoat ddng ciia gia Iang Hp bon be han vdi nhiem vu, khong cdn dan thudn giai quyet cac van de ngi bd budn Iang nhu xir ly cac tap tuc, bdo tdn ban sac van hod ma chiic nang vai trd cua gia Iang da cd tdm bao quat rdng hon nhu giai quyet cdc vdn de an sinh xa hdi, xay dung ddi sdng van hoa, y thiic phap ludt, mpi cdng ddn phai song va lam viec theo phdp luat Trudc day, gia Idng chii yeu van ddng ca biet timg ngudi, timg hg gia dinh, nhung hinh thiic van cdn nhung dugc ket hgp bdi nhieu hinh thiic phuang phap Iinh hoat, da dang han Chang han nhu td chiic hgp buon Iang, kit hgp vdi trudng thdn, trudng ban, cdc chi hpi trudng, phu nir, ndng dan, Doan nien, cim chiln binh, bp dpi bien phdng dl thdo luan, hien ke tim chgn cac bien phap tdi uu nhdt Hoac thdng qua cac cudc hpp giao ban tdng ket ddi ngu can bd chii chdt cdc cap de tao su ddng thudn nhan thiic vd each Iam 2.2.2 Vira coi trgng bao ton gia tri van hoa cua dan toe Tay ISguyen vua chu dpng tiep nhan gia tri van hoa tien tien dirong dai Cdn khang dinh rang cac gia Iang Tay Nguyen cd vai tro to Idn viec giir gin, bao tdn phat huy ban sac van hoa Uu diem ndi trgi ciia cac gia Iang la hp cd uy tin cao cdng ddng, guang mau nhan thiic va hanh dpng, am hieu sdu sac ddi sdng van hoa, tdm linh ban sac van hod ciia cdng dong ddng bao dan tgc thieu sd Trong ddng chdy phat trien ciia van hod, cac dan tdc thieu so Tdy Nguyen da de lai kiet tac van hoa cdng chieng cho dan tgc lam dam dd phong phu bdn sac van hoa ciia dan tdc Viet Nam Van boa cdng TAP CHI KHDA HOC - BD TB/2D17 171 chieng - su da sic ngdn ngii dm da lam song day tmh thsin ySu nude, y chi dau tranh quat cudng chdng giac ngoai xam, khdng djnh ly tudng sdng, khat vpng dugc sdng hoa binh, dm no, hanh phuc cua ddng bao dan tpc thieu sd Tay Nguyen Khi ndi den ban sac la mudn ndi dSn tinh rieng cd, ca tinh, it pha tron, it thay ddi Song sy giao luu md cua hdi nhap da lam cho nhiing yeu td ciia ban sac van hoa dugc thdm thau, "cdng sinh" lam phong phii gia tn truyen thdng, ban sac van hoa cua cac dan tgc Tay Nguyen Ban sac van hoa cac dan tpc Tay Nguyen dugc bd sung phat triln, lam phong phii npi ham cua nd chii khdng phai bien dang, lai cang xa rdi nhiing tieu chi ciia ban sac van hoa Vdi vdn sdng va kinh nghiem, cac gia Iang da cd kha nang nhan xet tham dinh nhung yeu to tich eye, tien tien, gan due khai de loc bd nhiing doc td phan van hoa, khong hgp thdi, trai vdi tap quan sinh hoat, nhu cdu chinh dang cua ddng bao dan tgc thieu sd 2.2.3 Tir viec giu- vai trd tir tirdug, giao due, hoa giai, giai quyit nhimg van deluat tuc noi bg sang vai tro to chirc kinh te Day la chiic nang mang tinh quy luat van ddng ro nhat ciia cac gia laig Tay Nguyen hon hai thap ky lai day Dieu dat cho gia Iang, can bp chii chdt co sd phai hudng vao giai quylt vdn dl can cdt nhat cua cudc sdng Thieu nd thi khd cd the giai quyet cac van de khac mdt each ddng bg, hieu qua Trong nhung nam qua d Tay Nguyen cho thay CO nhung gia dinh ddng bao ddn tdc thi^u sd dieu kien kinh te khd khan nen cai khdng cd dilu kien dl theo hpc, dm dau khdng din kham va dieu tri d benh vien ma nhd cac thdy mo ke dan bdc thudc, rdt cudc benh chang khdi, gia dmh lai mat them mot khoan tiln khdng cdn thilt Qua dd, cho thdy he luy cua kmh te gia dinh thieu thdn se sinh them nhiing vdn dl xa hgi phiic tap nhu nghien hiit, cd bac, bao lyc gia dinh Duong nhien hien nay, cac gia Iang cdn phai tiep tuc Iam chiic nang giao due tu tudng, giai quylt nhung mau thuin, xung dot d mdt sd gia dmh budn Iang Nhung chiic nang kinh tl dugc coi la vdn dl ndi trdi thiic bach dat cho gia Iang Ngay ca chiic nang giao due, vdn dgng ciing tham gia tich cue vao chiic nang kinh te, gan chinh tri vdi kinh te Su vdn ddng biln ddi ciia chiic nang xudt phat tir mdy ly sau: - Gia Iang san xudt gidi khdng chi dn dinh cugc sdng cho gia dinh ma cdn la tam guong cho ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd hpc tap noi theo; - Kinh tl la vdn dl gdc, quylt dinh din chdt lugng cugc sdng, hanh phiic cua timg gia dmh, cdng ddng; - Khi gia Iang xir ly, giai quylt cac vdn dl vl tap tuc, mau thuan ndi bp ddng bao dan tdc, xay dyng cac huong udc, quy udc khdng thi tach khdi van de kinh te cua cfing ddng; 172 II TRUClNB SAI H D C THLI BO HA NDI - Cac gid ldng la nhirng ngudi thd cu ban dia hilu dugc mdi trudng dia ly, hau, tap quan canh tdc, ddng thdi nam dugc dac diem tam ly, kien nghi de xuat cua ddng bao dan tdc thilu sd dl phan anh cho tl chiic dang, chinh quyin Do dd cac cap uy, chinh quyen cdn to chirc cho cac gia Iang gdp y, de xuat chu truang phat trien kinh te cua dia phuang de tham khao hoan thien Lam dugc nhu vay vira thi hien sy cdu thi, tdn trgng cac gid Iang vira ddng vien hp chii dpng viec hien ke de xuat Chiic nang vai trd td chiic kinh tl ciia cac gia Iang viec phat trien kinh te ciia dia phuong the hien d chd; - De xuat gdp y vao cac chii truong, nghi quyet, de an phat trien kinh te xa hpi cua dia phuang; - Bdm sat qua trinh to chiic thuc hien, van dgng ba cimg thuc hien Qua dd phat hien, kien nghj vdi cdp uy cd tham quyen dieu chinh, bd sung nhung diem cdn so hd, thieu sdt, khdng phii hpp vdi thyc tien; ~ Cimg cap uy, chinh quyen doan the chinh tri xa hpi tdng ket riit kinh nghiem qua trinh to chiic thuc hien cac chii truong do, riit nguyen nhan, kinh nghiem; - Ban than cac gia Idng phai ludn neu guong sang ve lam kinh te gidi, cd cudc sdng no du, hanh phiic Ddy la nhan td de lay ddng, lan toa ddi vdi ddng bao dan tdc thieu so Iao ddng san xuat, xoa doi giam ngheo 2.2.4 Gia Iang vdi viec van dpng chap banh y thirc luat tuc sang vai trd van dpng chap hanh phap luat Luat tuc thuc chdt la nhimg quy dinh, quy udc ciia timg ddn tgc thieu so de giao due dieu chinh cac mdi quan he giira ngudi vdi ngudi cgng ddng Cac quy dinh dd da dupe ba ddn tdc thieu sd thao luan di din quylt nghi thdng nhdt trd thdnh y chi chung ciia cdng ddng "Dudi gdc dp phap Iy cac nha khoa hgc phap ly cho rdng luat tuc la mot dang quy pham xa hgi, la chuan muc xa hgi, gidi han hdnh vi img xir ciia moi ca nhan va ca cdng ddng cho phu hgp vdi Igi ich chung ciia cdng ddng la cdng cu dilu chinh, dieu hoa cac quan he xa hdi giiia ca nhan vdi cd nhdn, giua ca nhan vdi gia dinh, dong hg, budn Idng, vdi xa hpi, vdi tu nhien vd vdi ca cac luc lugng sieu nhien nhdm dn dinh mdt trat ty cd Igi cho toan the cdng ddng" Luat tiic vd ludt phdp cd diem tuang d6ng giong la dieu chinh cac hanh vi ciia ngudi cong ddn nham dat tdi nhiing chuan muc, hodn thien nhdn each ngudi vi sy hudng thien, tdn trgng le phdi va su cdng bang Song, ludt tuc mang tinh udc le, ndi bg cua timg cgng ddng dan tdc thieu so, cdn luat phdp Id the hien y chi chung cua toan xa hdi, mang tinh bat bugc mgi cdng dan phai tudn theo TAP CHI KHDA HDD - SO 76/2017 || 173 cdn phai thdy rdng, nlu ding bao dan tdc thieu sd cd y thiic chap hanh tot luat tuc la CO sd de chdp hanh tdt phap luat ciia Nha nude Hai van de lien quan chat che, tao tiln de cho nhau.Nhd cac quy dinh cua luat tuc dugc luat hoa nen cac gia ldng dilu chinh xir I_\ nhiing hanh vi ciia ba lien quan den ludt tuc, dam bao tinh giao due, ran de va dam bao khach quan, cdng bang, kip thdi Cdn danh gia khach quan rdng vai trd cua luat tuc da gop phan dieu chmh cac mdi quan he xa hdi ddn su cac budn Iang theo hudng I n djnh, di vao nen nep, tang tinh co ket ciia cdng ddng, giao due nhdc nhd mgi ngudi Idm viec thien, khong lam tdn hai Igi ich cua cdng ddng Trudc yeu cdu mdi cua xay dung Nhd nude phap quyen xa hpi chii nghla, mpi cdng dan phdi sdng \ a lam viec theo ludt phap cang dat cho gia ldng them chiic nang nhiem vu mdi tuyen truyln giao due ndng cao < thiic phap ludt, chap hanh phap ludt cho em, cdng ddn ngudi dan tdc thilu s6 Ddng bao dan tdc thilu so khong chi chdp hanh tdt ludt tuc ma cdn phai cd y thirc chdp hdnh tdt luat phdp D I thuc Men tot chiic nang, nhiem vu doi hoi cac gia Iang phdi dugc cdp phat cac tai heu hudng dan thyc hien phap luat, dugc bii dudng tap hudn kiln thirc ludt phap dk hudng ddn cho dong bao nang cao nhan thirc, chip hanh tdt phap ludt ciia Nha nude K£T LUAN Cac ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd d Tdy Nguyen dang gia doan chuyen tilp "lie mo hinh tu qudn xd hoi cua budn ldng iheo ludt tuc chuyen sang md hinh qudn ly xd hgi ciia thon xd theo phdp lugt", nen cac yeu td cd truyen cdn dang ton tai dan xen vdi nhiing yeu to mdi Ddn Iang noi ddy da hda nhap vao bdi cdnh xd hdi tong the nhung vdn bdo luu yeu to van hoa tgc ngudi dac biet la nhung net rieng cua Idng Hdu het cdc ITnh vuc ddi song ciia budn Iang deu chiia dimg cac yeu to: truyen thong - hien dai; chinh thiic - phi chinh thiic; quan phucmg - phi quan phuong Trudng thdn, thay mat chinh quyen dia phuang chiu trach nhiem quan ly chung nhung van cdn co sy trg giiip ciia ngudi hda giai de dan xep nhiing xich mich Iang cdn ong mai de hda gidi nhiing van de ve hon nhan, gia dinh, cdn mgt thdy ciing de doan mgng cho dan Iang Bdi cugc sdng vdn dang hien hiiu nhimg thiet che truyen thdng nay, \ a no vdn ton tai nhu cau ciia ngudi ddn vdn cdn khoa hgc k> thuat van chua soi rgi rd rang van de tam Iinh va vdt chdt Ddi song kinh te ciia dan Iang da hoan todn hda nhap vao kinh te thi trudng nhimg mgt so trudng hgp van chap nhan vdt doi vdt, nong nghiep dugc sdn xudt theo hudng hang hda, nhung nhan cong Iang phdn Idn van ddi cong Do cung la xu hudng chung va tat yeu cua bat ky ngoi Iang nao noi cac tdc ngudi thieu sd tren dat nude Viet Nam Ddng bao cac ddn tdc thieu so tai cho viing Tay Nguyen mac dii trinh to chirc, quan ly xa hdi cdn thap nhung cung cd nhirng kinh nghiem qui viec lua chgn ngudi thii 174 II T R U a N G BAI HOC THLI S O HA NDI linh (gia ldng, chu Iang, buon trudng ) Nghien cim tieu chudn chpn ngudi dimg dau budn, plei, thdn cua timg dan tdc khac nhau, nhung van cd nhung net chung: la ngudi cd uy tin dugc nhan dan tin nhiem, suy tdn vi tudi tac cao, cd cdng lao, dao dire tdt; cd tri thiic, am hilu rdng, day dan kinh nghiem sdng va san xudt; cd nang lyc that sy de ddn dat, doan kit bd may tu qudn budn Iang Ddy la nhiing kinh nghiem quy bau cho cdng tac xay dyng dpi ngii can bd lam cdng tac bdo tdn va phat huy gia tri van hda d vung Tay Nguyen hien TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O Ban chi dao Tay Nguyen (2010), Bdo cdo kit qua xdy dung budn ldng tu qudn vung dong bdo ddn lgc ihieu sd Tdy Nguyen Phan Huu Xi^t {2QQA), Mdi so gidi phdp nhdm phdt huy vai trd ciia gid ldng, trudng bdn viec thuc hien chinh sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nude, - De tai cap Bg, Uy ban Dan tgc D6 Hiju De (2008), Vai trd, chirc ndng vd tdc dgng cua gid ldng ddi vdi su dn djnh vd phdt tnin bon long a linh Dak Ndng, - De tai Khoa hgc cap tinh, Sd Khoa hgc Cong nghe Dak Nong Nguyen The Hue (2010), "Vai tro ciia ngudi cao tuoi va gia Iang dan too thieu so phat trien cua Tay Nguyen hien nay", - Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc, so 2/2010 Nguyen Van Thang (2017), "Che gia dinh mau he d Tay Nguyen va vai tro cua ngudi phu nir xa hgi", - Tap chi Thdng tin Khoa hgc xd hdi, so Nguyen Van Thang (2010), "Vai tro ciia thiet che ca sd phat trien ben vimg d Tay Nguyen", Tap chi Khoa hgc Xd hgi Viit Nam, so CAUSES AND TENDENCY OF CHANGES OF VILLAGE P A T R I A R C H S ' R O L E IN V I E T N A M E S E C E N T R A L H I G H L A N D S IN N E W C O N T E X T N O W A D A Y S Abstract: The article introduces the institution of village patriarchs, the role of village patriarchs and the transformation of those in the new context In particular, MC are interested in clarifying the causes and tendency of changes in the roles of village patriarchs under the influence of current social factors in order to clarify the relevance and irrelevance of lis roles Relying on that, the state authorUies can draw up plans to preserve and promote the roles of this institution, contributing to strengthen and build the great national unity bloc Keywords Village patriarchs; the institution of village patriarchs; transformation of village patriarchs' roles; tendency of changes in the role of village patriarchs  ... rirng ) da lam mat di khong gian dien xudng va mdi trudng truyen day nghe thudt dan gian ciia ngudi Tay Nguyen 2.2 Xu hirdng bien doi vai tro eua gia Iang 2.2.1 Vai tro cua gia Iang van dgng theo... xa hpi hien nay, va nd ciing cd vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi viec luu giir cac gia tri tdt dep van hoa truyen thdng tdc ngudi Ddng thdi, day cung la yeu td anh hudng den sir bien ddi vai trd cua... Trong qua trinh phat trien cac yeu td phap li ciing timg budc dugc hoan thien, ngudi dan cang nhan thiirc dugc vai trd ciia phap luat, tuan thii phap luat, do luat tuc md nhat dieu keo theo vai