VONTMLY.Sy'THAM GIA CONGVIEC TICH CirCVAHIEUQUACONGVIEC CUA CAC TRINH DtOC VIEN d TP HO CHI MINH Giang Han Minh Thanh tra Bg Ytiphia Nam Email: minhttbyt@yahoo.com.vn Nguyen Van Di|p Truang Cao ddng Kinh te Ddi ngoai Email: vandiepl302(^gmaiicom Ngaynhan'4/7/2016 Ngay nhan ban sira: 16/11/2016 Ngay duyet dang: 25/5/2017 Tom tat: Nghien cuu ndy nhdm xdc dinh cdc yeu td thugc vdn tdm ly tdc dgng din su tham gia cong viec tich cue vd hieu qud cdng viec cua cdc trinh dugc viin Mdu nghien ciru bao gdm 303 trinh dugc viin dang ldm viec tgi cdc cong ty dugc tiiu bleu tren dia bdn Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh Cdc phuang phdp thdng ki md td, phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd, phdn tich hoi quy robust duac su dung di gidi thich dii- lieu Kit qud cho thdy cd yeu td thugc von tdm ly: niim hy vong, su tu tin, khd ndng phuc hdi vd tinh Igc quan deu co tdc dgng ciing chiiu den su tham gia cong viec tich cue cua cdc trinh dugc vien Viec tham gia cong viec tich cue da ddn tai hiiu qud cong viic cua cdc trinh dugc vien Ben canh do, nghiin cihi cdng dua mgt sd gidi phdp md nhd qudn tri cd the su dung de gia tdng vdn tdm ly nhdm ndng cao hiiu qud ldm viec cua cdc trinh dugc viin Tir khda: hieu qua cdng viec, tham gia cdng viec tich cue, trinh dugc vien, vdn tdm ly Psychological capital, job involvement and job performance of medical representatives in Ho Chi Minh City Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify several key factors of psychological capital that affect job involvement and job performance of medical representatives A survey was conducted on 303 medical representatives working at medical company in HCMC The author used descriptive statistics, EFA analysis, and regression analysis (Robust Least Squares) The results suggest that all the four factors of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism have a positive impact on the employees 'job involvement, which in turn affects theirjob performance Besides, this paper also provides some solutions that administrators can use to increase psychological capital in order to enhance the medical representative 'performance Keywords Job performance: job involvement; medical representatives; psychological capital \ Gidi thieu 15,5%/nam vdng nam tdi va ddng gdp 2,2% Theo Hiep bdi Doanh nghiep dugc Vict Nam, ca ^ o GDP nam 2017 (Nguyen, 2014) Nhu vay, mdc nude bien cd khoang 39.000 dilm ban le dugc ph^m dd canh tranh ciia cac doanh nghiep dugc cang va khodng 2.357 doanh nghiep dang ky chuc nang cao nen hieu qua cdng viec la muc tieu hang dau ciia kinh doanh duoc phdm (Cdng ty cd phdn Traphaco '^ac td chdc 2015) Ddng thdi, td chdc Business Monitor Rizwan & Khan (2011) cho r^ngde nang cao hieu Intemational ciing du bao nganh dugc pham Vict qiui cdng viec cua nhdn vien thi gia tang su tham Nam tilp tuc tang trudng vdi idc trung binh gia cong vice tich cue la mot giai phdp quan Sd 240 thdng 6/2017 77 kJnll ll'JIlilt ll'ien Nhimg nhdn vien tham gia cdng viec tich cue cd ndng sudt lam vide cao, kit qua Idm viec tdt hon so sanh vdi cac nhan vien khdng tich cue dong cong vi|c Bdn c^nh dd, cac nghidn cdu cho thay vdn tdm IJ cd die Id mgt ydu td quan dgng thuc ddy su tham gia cdng v i ^ tich c\rc cua nhan vien Cac nghien cdu vl vdn tdm ly dugc thuc hidn chu yiu d cac ntrdc phdt triin va da phdn dugc Lu&ans vd cgng s\r ihuc hifn Tai cdc nude dang phdt hidn nhu Viet Nam va d$c biet Id linh vi;c dugc thi nghien cdu vl vdn tdm I^' chua dugc dl cap, mjc du Viet Nam Id mgt nude dang bdi tu rdt nhilu tidm ndng hdp dan nhu tdc dg tang trudng ddn sd dn djnh vd su nh|n thuc cdng cao ve sdc khde ciia tdng Idp tmng luu nen nhilu cdng ty sdn xudt, kinh doanh, phdn phdi thudc - dugc phSm se dugc lip vd md rdng, keo iheo nhu cdu tuyIn dung mdt lugng Idn trinh dugc vldn nhdm md rOng mang ludi phdn phdi, thi phdn cho cdc cdng ty dugc Vi vay, bai viit ndy dugc th\tc bien nhdm ludng dnh hudng ciia cdc thdnh phdn vdn tdm I^ len hi^u qud cdng vi^c cua cdc trinh dugc vien thdng qua muc dO tham gia cdng vi?c tich cue dong bdi cdnh mgt nen Icinh te chuydn ddi canh tranh Ddng thdi, kit qua nghien cdu Id co sd di cac nhd qudn ly cua cdc cdng ty dugc xay dung gidi phdp ndng cao von tam 15' cho cac trinh dugc vien nhdm sd dung ngudn nhan luc cang hieu qud ban Co sd ly thuyet va gia thuyet nghiSn cihi 2.1 Von tam l^ vd cdc thdnh phdn cua von tam t^ Ly thuyet ve tam ly hgc phdn biet hai dang dac diem cua ngudi Id dang ca tinh vd ndng luc tdm ly (Chen & cgng sv, 2000) Dua vdo ly thuyit tdm I^ hgc td chdc, 1^ thuyit vl hanh vi to chuc cdng phdn biet hai dang nang Igc ciia nhan vien, dd Id (I) nang luc thudc ve cd tinh vd (2) nang Igc thudc vl tr^ng thdi tam ly (Luthans & cdng su, 2005) Nang luc dang cd tinb khdng phy thudc vdo cdng viec eg thi nao dd vd thudng khd diay ddi (dn dinh thdi gian ddi) Trong dd, nang luc dang trang th^i tdm ly phu thudc vao timg cdng viec cu thi va cd xu hudng thay ddi theo thdi gian (Chen & cgng sg, 2000) Trong hdnh vi td chdc, mdi quan tdm ve tinh each mang ddu dn ca nhdn va tnmg thai tdm ly cda nhan vien it nhdn dugc su quan tam cua cac nhd nghidn cuu Tinh cdch mang ddu dn ca nhan khdng dac trung cho bat ky nhiem vu hay tinh hudng ndo va tinh cdch ndy cd khuynh hudng dn dinh theo thdi So 240 thdng 6/2017 gian Ngugc lai, dang thai tdm ly lai dgc dung cho tiing tinh huong c^ the vd no c6 khuynh hudng dl bi diiu chinh qua thdi gian Co rdt nhidu khdi ni^m phdn anh ndng luc dang trang thai cda nhan vien, dong von tdm 1;;^ diudng dugc quan tam va dp dung nghidn cdu hanh vi nhihig ndm gdn ddy (Luthans & cdng s^, 2005) Vdn tam ly Id mdt dang nang luc tam ly tdn tai mdt sh cdng vi$c vd thih huong nhdt djnh vd cd xu hudng dl udn ndn qua thdi gian (Chen & cong sir, 2000) Luthans & cOng su (2007b) dira h6n phdn cda von tam ly Id: (1) Sv hr tin, (2) Thih lac quan, (3) Niim by vgng va (4) Khd nang phuc h6i Luthans & c^ng sg nhdn manh rdng von tam ly Id ngudn dong vien ve nhan thdc vd cd vl kinh nghiem Cu thd: Stf tfjT tin: Bandura (1997) cho rdng vd ca bin, ty tin Id "niim tin cda moi ngudi vdo kha nang cua hg dl dat hieu qud nhu mong dgi bdng chuih nhung hdnh ddng cda hg", la yeu td quan nhat quyit dinh nhihig hdnh vi ma ngudi dd lua chgn de the hi?n vd sir kien tri cua hg dong nhung nd luc ddi mat vdi thd thach khd khan Thuyet tu tin vao nang luc cung xdc nhdn su tg tin ddng vai trd then chot dong su didu chinh tdm ly, sdc khde thd chat, cung nhu nhimg thay ddi chiln luge hdnh vi dugc hudng din chuyen nghiep hay tu phdt Tinh Iqc quan: duge Carver & Scheier (2005) dinh nghTa nhu Id khuynh hudng tri mdt cdi nhhi tich cue Nhiing hanh dgng tich cue cd td chdc tap tnmg vao su lac quan mang tinh thuc te lien quan den vice nang cao va tap trung vdo nhiing khia canh md minh cd Igi thd Nhimg nhdn vien lac quan ludn mong dgi ket qua tich cgc dong mdi trudng ldm vi£c thay ddi Niem hy vgng: Snyder (1996) cho rdng niim hy vgng phan dnh "niem tin rang ta cd thd tim thdy dudng dan den nhiing thdnh qud mong mudn vd cd ddng luc di budc tiep tren dudng dy" Hy vgng bao gdm yeu td: dudng di va nang luc y chi Con dudng di chinh Id khd nang xdy dimg mdt Ig trinh Idm viec nham dat dugc nhimg thdnh qua mong mudn, cdn nang luc y chi chinh Id nhdn thuc, ITnh hdi duge dudng di din thdnh cdng Khd nangphjfc hdi: Masten & Reed (2002) cho rang khd nang phuc hdi dugc dinh nghia nhu Id kha nang thich ung cua ngudi vudng phdi nhimg nghich ednh hay riii ro 2.2 Vdn tdm /j5, s(f tham gia cong viec tich cue vd hiiu qud cong viec KinyeAttrien Ashe-Edmunds & Media (2015) cho rdng su tham gia cdng vi^c tich cue dl cap din mdc tam ly va tinh cdm ma nhan vidn gdn bd vdo cdng viec cua minh Trong do, hi?u qud cdng viec de cap den tinh hieu qua cua hanh vi cd nhdn gdp phdn vdo muc tieu ciia td chdc (Motowidio, 2003) Cae nghien cdu da cho thdy vdn tam ly vd cdc phan cua vdn tdm ly cd anh hudng tich cue den hieu qua cdng viec cua nhan vidn (Luthans & cdng su, 2005; Stajkovic, 2006; Luthans & Youssef, 2007; Avey & cgng sg, 2010; Nguyen & Nguyen, 2012) Ben canh do, vdn tam ly ciing dugc tim thdy cd dnh hudng den su tu tin, su hdi Idng, hanh phuc va cam kit cua nhan vien (Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998; Luthans & Youssef, 2007; Luthans & cdng su, 2007b) hay su nd luc lam viec cua nhan vien (Nguyen, 2014) Nhieu nghien cdu cho thdy su tham gia cdng viec tich cue cua nhdn vien co dnh hudng den ket qud lao ddng, hieu qud va su thdnh cdng ciia td chdc (Bates, 2004; Richman, 2006) Dilu cd thi dugc gidi thich rang neu nhdn vien no Igc dang ke cho viec dat dugc cac muc tieu cd nhdn vd td chdc se ddn den nang sudt cao ban vd giu chan duge nhan vien vdi td chuc (Kanungo, 1979; Kahn, 1990) Ngugc lai, nhiing nhdn vien cd su tham gia tich cue thap thi cd nhieu kha nang su hai Idng cdng viec thap vd cd xu hudng rdi bd td chuc Ddng thdi, neu ho d lai vdi td chdc thi cdng viec se khdng bieu qud ma nhu the se khdng cd Igi cho td chuc (Kanungo, 1979) Chang ban tai My, cac cdng nhdn khdng tham gia cdng viec tich cgc da lam tdn chi phi kinh doanh den 300 ty USD mdi nam vi nang suat thap (Bates, 2004) Nhu vdy, tham gia cdng viec tich cue la mot nhirng cdch quan trgng de tang hieu qud cua nhdn vien Neu cdc nhan vien no luc tham gia cdng viec tich cue se giup dat dugc cac muc tieu ca nhan va myc tieu cua td chdc Tai Viet Nam, ciing vdi su phat trien cua edng nghidp duge phdm, nhieu cdng ty kinh doanh, phan phdi thudc (dugc phdm) ddi va nhu cdu tuyen dyng mdt lugng Idn cdc dugc sT de gidi thieu thudc ggi Id trinh dugc vien nham tiep thi, md rdng mang ludi phdn phdi cho doanh nghiep dugc Vi thudc la mgt hang hda dac biet, budn bdn tbudc Id mot nganh kinh doanh dac thu cd dieu kien nen ngudi ban hdng (ggi la trinh dugc vien) phai cd chuyen mdn ve thudc, Iam cdu ndi giua nhd san xudt vd ngudi tieu diing Tuy nhien, ngdnh cd sy c^nh danh khdc liet nen ngodi trinh chuyen mdn bieu biet ve tdn dugc thi trinh dugc vien can cd ky ndng cda mdt nhan vien kinh doanh Vi the, dp luc cdng viec ngdy cdng cao se dan den su suy giam dong mdc dg tham gia cdng viec vd ddn den hieu qud cdng viec cua cac trinh dugc vien khdng cao Mdt sd yeu td, chang ban nhu dac diem cua mgt ca nhan Id nhu cd ruem hy vgng, khd ndng phyc hdi, tinh lac quan vd su tu tin cd the ldm gidm ty le dp luc cdng viec (Fredrickson & cdng su, 2003) Hon nira, tdng the bdn yeu td niem hy vgng, kha nang phyc hdi, tinh lac quan va su tu tin, cimg ket hgp lai chinh la vdn tam ly, da dugc chung minh la tdn tai dudi dang trang thai tam ly va cd the thay ddi vd phat tnen (Bandura, 1997; Carver & Scheier, 2005) nen cd the cai thien mdc tham gia cdng vide vd ndng cao hieu qua cong viec cda cac trinh dugc vien Tren ca sd ly thuyet va cac nghien cdu lien quan, eac gia thuyet dugc phat bieu nhu sau: Hinh 1: Md hinh nghien cuu de xuat Tinh lac quan Niem hy vgng Kh;i nang phuc hoi trinh hoc van, luong thudng So 240 thdng 6/2017 kinlittvIM Minh (bao gom cdng ty sdn xudt dugc hoac phdn phdi duge den dia bdn Thanh Hd Chi Minh) Mdu duge chgn theo phuang phdp thu^n ti?n Phuang phdp tilp can ddi tugng theo hai each: (i) Gdi philu khdo sat da thilt kl den Google Doc din dia chi email eda trinh dugc vien thdng qua bd phdn nhdn su ho^c kinh doanh cua cac cdng ty duge; va (ii) Gdi philu khdo sdt true tiep din cac trinh dugc vien tai cac cdng ty dugc Sau sang Igc cdc philu da Idi, CO 17 philu tra Idi khdng hgp Id sd 320 phieu thu vl Cudi cimg, cd 303 pbilu khdo sat hgp le dugc su dyng cho viec xd ly vd giai thich du Ii?u Hj^: Su tit tin CO tdc ddng cung chiiu din sit tham gia cdng viec tich ofc cua cdc trinh dugc viin H^f^: Tinh lac quan cd tdc dgng ciing chieu den sif tham gia cong viec tich cue cua cdc trinh dugc vien Hj^: Niim hy vgng co tdc dgng cdng chieu den sif tham gia cdng vi?c tich cue cua cdc trinh dugc vien H^^ Khd ndng phuc hoi cd tdc dgng ciing chiiu den su tham gia cong viec tich cue cua cdc trinh dugc viin H^: Tham gia cong vi^c tich cue cd dnh huang ding chiiu den hi$u qud cdng viic cua cdc trinh dugc viin Ben canh dd, cac yeu td nhu gidi tinh, kinh nghiem lam vide, trinh hgc vdn vd luong thudng cung dugc xem xet dnh hudng den mdc dg tham gia cdng viec vd hieu qud edng viec cua cdc trinh dugc vien Cac phdn tich dugc thuc hien de kiim djnh cac he sd thdng kd KMO, nit trieh cdc nhan td dgi dien vdi phep quay Varimax va danh gia su nhdt quan ndi tai cua cdc khdi niem nghien cdu vd dg tin cdy cua thang qua he sd Cronbach's Alpha Ky thuat hdi quy robust dugc sd dung de kiem dinh cac gid thuyit nghien cdu md hinh Phuong phdp nghien cdu Ket qua nghien cdu Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien thdng qua budc dinh tinh va djnh lugng vdi nhdm ddi tugng khao sat khac Ddi tugng khdo sat cho nghien ciru dinh tinh la cdc chuyen gia (cdc nhd quan ly) phu trach cdc chdc nang lien quan den ngudn nhdn luc va kinh doanh ciia cac cdng ty dugc Ddi tugng khdo sat cho nghien cuu dinh lugng la cac dinh duge vien dang Iam viec tai cac cdng dugc cd thj trudng tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Tren ca sd ly thuyet da tdng hgp, cac biln quan sat duge xay dung Uen thang Liken diem (vdi la hoan toan khdng ddng y va la hodn todn ddng y) phan anh khai niem chinh nghien cuu Nghien cdu djnh tinh thdng viec phdng van sau 10 chuyen gia (nha quan ly) ciia cac cdng ty dugc nhgm bo sung va dilu chinh cac bien quan sat tren cho de hieu va phii hgp vdi bdi canh Viet Nam Kit qua nghien cuu dinh tinh giup hinh bang cau hdi dinh lugng gdm 24 biln quan sat phan anh biln ddc lap \ c vdn tam ly va biln phan dnh biln phu thudc su tham gia tich cue va hieu qud cdng viec ciia cac trinh dugc vien Cu thi, thang vdn tam ly dugc su dung tren co sd thang do Luthans & cdng su (2007a) phat triln, thang su tham gia cdng viec tich cue dua tren thang do Kanungo (1982) xay dyng va thang hieu qua cdng viec dua uen CO sd thang cua Rego & Cunha (2008) Xghion cdu dinh lugng dugc tiln hanh vdi kich thudc mau du kiln gdm 350 trinh dugc vien dang lam \ lec tai cac cdng ty duac tai Thanh ph6 Hd Chi So 240 thdng 6/2017 4.1 Dqc diem mdu nghien cuu Mdu nghien cdu la cac trinh dugc vien dang lam viec tai cac cdng ty dugc hoac phdn phdi dugc d Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Trong dd, trinh dugc vien nam chiem 64,7% va trinh dugc vien nu la 35,3% Hdu het ddi tugng khao sat la luc lugng lao dgng de, sd trinh dugc vien dugc phdng vdn hoac khao sat cd tudi tir 20 din 25 tudi chiim ty le cao nhat (64%), dilu ndy phan dnh dac dilm lao ddng thuc te ITnh vyc kinh doanh dugc phdm hien Hau bet cdc trinh dugc vien cd dinh cao ddng Sd ngudi cd dinh dd trung cdp chiem 18,5%, cao dSng chiim 67,7%, dai hgc va sau dai hgc chiim 13,9% Trinh dugc vien cd kinh nghiem lam viec dudi nam chiem 35%, tu den nam chilm 38,6% va td6 nam trd len chiem 26,4%) 4.2 Kiim dinh thang vd phan tich nhan td khdm phd Kit qua kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha cho thdy cac thang vdn tam ly deu dat dugc tin cay He sd Cronbach's Alpha ciia biln ddc lap ddu Idn hon 0,8 (thay ddi tu 0,818 din 0,916) Cdc he sd drong quan vdi tdng ciia cac bien ludng yeu td dlu dat tieu chuan (he sd tuang quan vdi tdng ciia cac biln dao ddng tir 0,633 din 0,960) Kit qua ciia EFA ciia vdn tam ly cho thdy tai mdc trich eigenvalue > CO nhan td duoc trich td 24 biln quan sat voi phucmg sai trich la 65,62% Thang tham gia cdng viec tich cue cd he sd \ kiiililcJ'hal trien hifu OP 0P6 OPS 0P2 0P4 OP3 OPl SE SE3 SE5 SE4 SEl SE6 SE2 , HO H06 H03 HOI H04 H02 H05 BJE RE4 RE3 RES RE6 REl RE2 Bang 1: K^t qua kiem djah dp tin cSy va pliSn ticii nhan to thang v6n tSm I;^ H|s6tiU V6n tam IJ nhan t6 Tinh l^c quan (Cronbach 's Alpha = 0,921; % phmmg sai trich = 18,158) 0,800 Toi mong dgi cac sv kiSn thili vi cong vi?c lion nlixrng sif ki$n ]di6 chiu T6i mong moi vifc diin tliu|in loi ctio vi^c dat dugc muc tiSu 0,79S Tdi c6 the dat trang thai thu giftn dS dang 0,794 T6i luon Ijc quan ve tuong lai 0,757 Neu tdi c6 cam giac bat an Idii thuc hien cong viec, toi se dimg lai va lam 0,724 luc khac Khi khong chac ch3n ve dieu gi, toi thucmg hy vgng dieu t6t dep nhSt se dSn 0,685 Sfftytin (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,916; % phuffng sai trich = 17,801) T6i d6i mat trgc tiep de giai quy6t cdc v§n de ciia minh 0,853 T6i nghi rang toi c6 co h^i tot nhat de nhan muc tieu cuoc song 0,791 Toi thich t^ minh giai quyet cac rac roi 0,767 Toi ldm vi0c vdi su tu tin cao 0,739 Toi ldm vi^c dung hen va co kl hoach 0,716 Tinh huong cdng thit thach cdng cho toi cam giac thu vi 0,688 Niem hy vpng (Cronbach's Alpha = 6,868; % phmmg sai trich = 15,391) Toi da dat dugc hau het cdc myc tieu ma toi theo duoi 0,903 Toi luon CO gidi phdp du phong de giai quyet cac van dl 0,835 Khi gdp ap lire, toi tim each de thoat khoi no 0,766 Toi cdm thay rang toi d^t dugc cflng I6n su nghiSp cua minh 0,646 Toi CO y chi manh me de dat c6 myc tieu da dl 0,575 Toi CO the nghi nhieu each de dat dugc muc tiSu cCia minh 0,523 Khd nangphpc hdi (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,818; % phmmg sai trich = 14,270) Toi nghi co nhieu duong di den muc tieu 0,747 Toi thdnh cong de tao an tugng vol ngucri khdc 0,688 Toi thich nhirng cong viec mcri me vd day thii thdch 0,673 T6i CO the kiem che su nong gidn dS ldm vice tiep voi nguoi da tao cam gidc 0,670 Toi nhanh chong lay lai trang thdi binh thuong gap nhimg bien Co 0,654 Toi thich thu gap cdc su vif c bat ngd 0,601 Tinh todn cua nhdm tdc gid Cronbach's Alpha Id 0,823 nen dat yeu cdu Cdc he sd tuong quan vdi tdng eua cac biln ludng yeu to deu dat tieu chudn (he sd tuong quan vdi tdng cua cdc biln dao ddng td 0,649 din 0,710) Thang hieu qua cdng viec ed he sd Cronbach's Alpha Id 0,875 ndn dat yeu cdu Cac h§ sd tuong quan vdi tdng cua cdc bien ludng yeu td deu dat tieu chudn (be sd tuong quan vdi tdng cua cac bien dao dgng tir 0,589 din 0,923) Kit qua tai bdng vd cho thdy cdc nhdn td dai dien cho cac khdi niem nghien cdu co tmh chdt nhdt qudn ndi tai va tin cay cao, hoan todn phu hgp Sd 240 thdng 6/2017 cho cac phdn tich tiep theo 4.3 Kiim dinh gid thuyet Hai md hinh hdi quy tuydn tinh dugc xdy dung va phdn tich de ki6m da gid thuyet, gid thuyet rang cd sy tdc dgng cua vdn tdm ly den tham gia cdng vide tich eye vd hieu qud Iam viec cua cdc trinh dugc vien Ket qua hdi quy robust vdi cdc biln ddc lap Id phdn cda vdn tam ly vd bi6n phy thudc Id su tham gia tich cue ciia trinh duge vien Kdt qud cua md hmh hdi quy robust teii bdng Idn lugt vdi cac bien kiem soat (gidi tinh, kinh nghiem Idm viec, trinh hgc vdn, lucmg thudng) cho thay cd MMMim Bang 2: Kit qna kiim dinh d$ «n c^y thang tham gia cong vifC tich c\rc va hieu qua cdng vi^c cua trmh dinrc viSn H^ s6 tinmg Ky V6n tdm ly quan vdi hi^u bien t6ng Tham gia cong viec tich cue (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,823) JI Nhimg dilu quan trgng xay liSn quan din cdng viec hien tai cua tdi 0,710 Jll 0,677 n2 Tdi la mgt ngudi gan ket vdi cdng vi?c Tdi c6 mdi quan he chat che vdi cdng viec vd rat khd de pha va mdi quan b? 0,649 JI3 JP Hifu qud cong viec (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,875) JPI Tdi tin rang tdi la mdt nhan vien lam vi?e hieu qud 0,589 JP2 Tdi ludn hdi long vdi chat lugng edng viec tdi da Idm 0,923 JP3 Cap tren toi ludn tin rang tdi la mdt ngudi ldm viec cd hieu qua 0,721 JP4 Ddng nghiep tdi ludn danh gia toi la ngucri Iam viec cd hieu qua 0,762 Nguon: Tinh todn cua nhdm tdc gid bdn thdnh phdn vdn tam ly cua trinh dugc vi6n deu cd anh hudng cung chiiu den tham gia cdng viec tich cue ciia cac trinh dugc vien Cu thi, md hmh thi he sd hdi quy cua biln sy bJ tin (SE) va biln tinh lac quan (OP) cd y nghTa thdng ke d mdc %; he sd hdi quy ciia bien nilm hy vgng (HO) cd y nghTa thdng ke d mdc 10%; he sd hdi quy cua biln kha nang phuc hdi (RE) cd y nghJa thdng ke d muc 5% Nhu vay, cdc gia thuyit Hla, Hlb, HIc va Hid dugc chap nh^n Ket qua udc lugng cung cho thdy gidi tinh, kinh nghiem Iam viec, trinh hoc vin, luong thudng cd anh hudng cimg chiiu din sy tham gia cdng viec tich cue ciia cac trinh dugc vien He sd hoi quy cua biln kmh nghiem ldm viec (EXPER), trinh hgc vdn (EDUC) vd lucmg thudng (INCOME) cd y nghia flidng ke d mdc 1% (dilu ndy cho thdy niu h-inh dugc vien cd nhilu kinh nghiem Idm viec, dinh hoc van cdng cao vd muc luong thudng cdng cao thi mdc tham gia cdng viec tich eye cua trinh duoc vidn cang nhieu Tuy nhidn, he sd hdi quy cua bien gidi (SEX) khdng cd y nghTa thdng ke Gia di thdng ke md hinh tai bang dlu cd y nghia Bang 3: Kit qua hii quy giiia von tam ly va su tham gia cong viec tich cue Cac mo hinh Mo hinh Mo hmh Mo hmh Mo hmh Bien doc lap He so hoiquy He so hoi quy He so h ,A\c> J.B , Nimnicht, J.L & Graber Pigeon, N (2010) 'Two Field Smdies Examining the Association between Positive Psychological Capital and Employee Performance', Leadership SL Organization Development Journal 384-401 Bandura .\- (1997) Self-eJJicacv The exeici.\e of connol Freeman New York Bates S (2004) 'Gettmg engaged' IIR Magazine 49(2) 44-51 So 240 tlidng 6/2017 84 klnliiyiiiilliiN Carver, C.S & Scheier, M.S (2005), 'Optimism', in Snyder, C R & Lopez, S.J (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (231-243), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK Cdng ty cd phan Traphaco (2015), Con dudng thudc Viet 10: Canh tranh bdng kenh phdn phdi, tmy cap ISn cudi 30 thdng nam 2015, tix: Chen, G., Gully, S.M., Whiteman, 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A prospective study of resilience and emotions following terrorist attacks on the United States on September II*" 2001', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365-376 Kahn, A.W (1990), 'Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work', Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724 Kanungo, R.N, (1979), 'The Concepts of Alienation and Involvement Revisited', Psychological Bulletin, 86(1), 119-138 Luthans, F., Avolio, B., Walumbwa, F & Li, W (2005), 'The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Explonng the relationship with performance' Management and Organization Review, 1,247-269 Luthans, F & Youssef, C M (2007), 'Emerging positive organizational behavior' Journal of Management, 33,321-349 Luthans, P., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B & Norman, S.M (2007a), 'Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction', Personnel Psychology, 60, 541-572 Luthans, P., Youssef, C M & Avolio, B.J (2007b), Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK Masten, A.S & Reed, M.G.J (2002), 'Resilience in development' in Snyder, C R & Lopez, S.J (Eds ), Handbook of positive psychology (231-243), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK Motowidio, S J (2003), Job Performance - Handbook of Psychology, Wiley, New York Nguyen, T D & Nguyen, T.T.M (2012), 'Psychological Capital, Quality of Work Life, and Quality of Lifeof Marketers: Evidence from Vietnam', Journal of Macromarketing, 32(1), 87-95 Nguyen, H.T (2014), VietinbankSc Industry Report: Vietnam Pharmaceutical Industry 02-2014, tmy cap lan cuoi 28 thang nam 2016, tir: Nguyen, T.T.M (2014),'Does Psychological Capital Drive the Effort of Marketers''', Joumta/q/fco/jom/fZJeve/opmeHr, 220,136-147 Rego, A & Cunha, M P (2008), 'Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study', Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53-75 Richman, A (2006), 'Everyone wants an engaged workforce how can you create it?', Workspan, 49, 36-39 Rizwan, M & Khan, D.J (2011), 'Relationship of Job involvement with Employee Performance Moderating role of Attitude', European Journal of Business and Management, 3(8), 77-85 Snyder, C R (1996), 'To Hope, to Lose, anA.Ho'ps Agam'', Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 1, i-16 Stajkovic, A.D & Luthans, F (1998), 'Self-efticacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis' Psychological Bulletin 124,240-261 Stajkovic, A.D (2006), 'Development of a Core Confidence-Higher Order Construct", Journal of Applied 91, 1208-1224 S6 240 thdng 6/2017 85 Psychology, killlliy'ttallm ... chieu den sif tham gia cdng vi?c tich cue cua cdc trinh dugc vien H^^ Khd ndng phuc hoi cd tdc dgng ciing chiiu den su tham gia cong viec tich cue cua cdc trinh dugc viin H^: Tham gia cong vi^c... xd ly vd giai thich du Ii?u Hj^: Su tit tin CO tdc ddng cung chiiu din sit tham gia cdng viec tich ofc cua cdc trinh dugc viin H^f^: Tinh lac quan cd tdc dgng ciing chieu den sif tham gia cong... nghich ednh hay riii ro 2.2 Vdn tdm /j5, s(f tham gia cong viec tich cue vd hiiu qud cong viec KinyeAttrien Ashe-Edmunds & Media (2015) cho rdng su tham gia cdng vi^c tich cue dl cap din mdc tam