Phát triển gia đình bền vững và một số vấn đề đặt ra từ khía cạnh nhân khẩu xã hôi qua nghiên cứu 5 tỉnh ở việt nam

28 Xd hgi hgc, sd (136), 2016 PHAT TRIEN GIA DINH BEN VUNG VA MOT SO VAN DE DAT RA Tir KHIA CANH NHAN KHAU - XA HQI QUA NGHIEN CUtf TINH CJ VlgT NAM VUTUANHtJY" NGUYEN THIEN MINH AN^* Tdm tdt: Dudi tic ddng cm qud dp ddn sd, cdng nghifp hda vd dd thi hda, phdt triin kinh ti - xd hdi d nude ta di ldm nhiing biin ddi gia dinh Su dung sd li$u tie mdt dieu tra mdu tgi tinh, bdi viit phdn tich ste tdng trudng ben vOng cOa miic sdng gia dinh citng nfneng dgc diim cua ca cdu gia dinh vd biin ddi xd hdi Phdn tich ggi rdng phdt trien ngudn lire gdn vdi md rdng ca hpi vd ndng cao ndng liec lua chpn, tirih hifu qud cda cdng nghifp hda vd dd thi hda la yeu td cdn thiet de trdnh bdy thu nhdp trung binh, khac phuc tdc ddng tieu cycc cda tdc dp gid hoa nhanh cita ddn so nude ta, vdhudn den phdt triSn bin vOng Tu khda: bien ddi xd hpi, eo eau, ngu6n lue gia dinh, s\r bdn vGng B^t vin de Gia dhih Vipt Nam da va dang bidn ddi trudc nhiing tde ddng cua qud dp ddn so, phat hidn Idnh td - xd hdi theo djnh hudng cdng nghidp hod, hi?n dsii hod vd phdtteidnbJn viing Bi^n d6i gia dhih dupe xde dinh Id nhihig bidn doi hdn ede chi^u canh nhdn kh4uxd hdi va nhiing thay d6i ehiie nang cda gia dmh, Trong moi chidu c p h eda su bien ddi dd, nhieu nghidn cuu da chi nhihig yiu td tdc dpng ddn su bien doi hay khdng bien ddi cua gia dinh Lich sd qud dp ddn sd ddn eho thdy su tuong phdn vd eo edu va mde dd phdt ttien Icinh te - xa hpi Hau hh cac nude phdt ttiln dd d giai doan gid hda ddn sd Theo udc tmh cda Lien Hpp Qude, hidn ty Id ngudi eao tadi tir 60 tudi tt* len d cdc nude phdt ttien eao gap lin so vdi cdc nude kem phdt ttiln, Theo gidi tinh, t^ le phv nii hi 60 hioi ttd len cao hon so vdi nam gidi dii tinh tt?ng phdt ttiln nhu thi ndo (United Nations, 2013) edo nude Ddng A va mdt s6 nude d Ddng Nam A, miie sinh gidm nhanh s\f thdnh edng eua ede chuang ttmh kl ho^ieh hda gia dhih M$t sd nude cd ttmh dd phat ttien cao d khu w e cimg dua din hipn hrpng ttiong bf m|ic dd chdm hon so vdi cdc nuac cdng nghiep phuong Tdy khoang hai thdp ky Ty Id nguM cao ttidi sS tdng len vdo * Fipn Nghien cht Phdi triin bin viing vimg va Tudn Huy, Nff^in Thi§n Mnh Anh 29 khoang 2020-2030 cung Id bdt ddu thdi ky giam dan sd tre Trong giai dogn eo cdu dan sd vdngj loi nhudn tfi ndn kinh td vi md duac tich luy nfailu faon so vdi tidu dung Mac du vay, nhiing lgi thd cd tfal tfauc ddy tang tnrdng kinh td hay khdng lgi phu tfaufc vdo cae quydt ^nh chinh sdch y td (^ If chdt ba me va trd em, cfadt luong dich vy y te cdng), mdc song (ca hgi vio: lam, duih dudng vd gido due) ttong faifn tgd vd klile pfauc nhiing chinh sdch tnrdc dd thodt khdi bay ngheo va bdt binh ddng T;^ If ngudi eao tudi tang nfaanh ed n h ^ g tae ddng manfa din pfadt tri^n kinfa td, dac bift bdi eanfafaifnnay Tdc gidfadacua cac nude dang pfadt tiien se dien nhanh hon va dan den tinfa trang "cfaua giau da gia" (Heller, 2006) Bdt binh ^ n g thu nfai^ tang len cimg vdi nfaung tfaay ddi kinh te Xu faudng vd mtic df phdt triin kinh td - xa hdi tac dfng manh ddn xu hirdng va nguyen nfadn ngheo d cap df qudc gia vd vdng Trinh hpc v4n vd ky nai^ Id nfaiing yeu td anfafaudngden tfau nhdp eda ngudi lao dong Nhung tfaay ddi ttong cdng ngfaf san xudt, todn eau hda tin tmdng iao dfng va nhGng thay dhi kfade lam cfao ngudi lao ddng it ky nang ngdy edng kfad tfaoat ngfaeofaon.Nfaiing xu faudngnay cua tin trudng lao dfng eung bi tac dfng bdi cac c4u trdc gia dinh vd sir di cu (Danziger vd Haveman, 2001) Sir quan tdm ddn phdc loi cua ngudi lao ddng ndi chung eung nhu phdc Igi cua ngudi gia da gdp phan dua den su pfadt trien cda cac quan diem, ky thudt ngfaidn cliu, ludng mai ve phue loi va vai ttd cua an sinh xa fafi ttong efauyen ddi kinh te Mft sd ngfaidn ciJTutidntfad gidi xem sirfaaiIdng ttoi^ cdc moi quan hf gia dinh nfau mdt cfaieu e?nh phiic loi quan ttpng cua ngudi cao tu6i DS chuin hi cho eon ngudi ddi phd vdi gia fada, gja ' Iffadgia dfaifa cd 1-2 tang len, ddc bift ttong cdc nfadm ndm ketfadntii 1996 ttd lai ddy Xem xet sd eonfaifncd edafadgia dinfa tfaeo thi - ndng thdn cho thiy d dd tfai, 76% hd giaffinfaso vdi 60% d ndng tfadn cd 1-2 eon Trdi lai, hf giafflnfad ndng tfadn cd sd eon tu: ttd len cao gdn gIp ddi so vdifadgia finfa ddd tin Bing S6 hi^n c6 cua hf gia Slab theo d5 thj - nong thSn So hien c6 cua ho gia dinh 1-2 id thi 76,4 20,8 S trd len 2,8 _N 250 Npion: So lifu khdo sdt ctia de ldi nghien cuu ndm 2015-2016 3-4 COD Ndng thdn 60,0 34,9 5,1 350 Dan vj: % Chung 66,8 29,0 4,2 600 Mdc dp dd tfai hod vd cdng ngfaifp faoa diln kfaac nfaau d eac tinfa vh tiidi didm, t6c dd vd quy md cd tfad tdc ddng din nfaGng biin ddi kinfa td - xdfafikfade nfaau cua tung tmfa, ttong cd nhiing ddc d i ^ vl gia ^nh Cdc tmfa cd ty If cao vdi tren 73%fadgia dhih ed 1-2 Id Bdc Nuih, Thai Binh vd Cdn Tfaa so vdi 65% d Binh Duong va kfaodng 32 Phdt triin gia dinh bin vOng vd mgt sd van di ddt 50% d Thira Thien - Hui, Trong d cdc tinh Bde Ninh, Thdi Binh, Cin Tha B„A Duong cd khodng V sd hd gia dinh ed tit 3-4 eon thi d Thira Thidn - Hue Id 45% so hO gia dinh, Nhirng khde bidt vl sd eon eua hp gia fflnh ed the nhieu yeu to nhu anh hudng cua viee thuc hidn chuang ttinh kl hoach hoa gia dhih, be^ddy van hod ttuyen thing vd thdi diim cung nhu mite dd cdng nghidp hod khde moi tmh, Xem xet ttrong quan giiia nghi nghidp cua nguoi chdng vdi s6 hidn ed cda hp gia dinh, kit qua phdn tieh cho thiy t^ 16 hd gia dinh ed -2 thdp nhat la d nhdm ndng dan (54,8%), tiip theo la nhiing nghi nghidp khde (61,5%), dich vy thd cdng vd budn ban nhd (69,8%), nhdn vien hdnh chmh (75%), cdng nhdn (76%) va cao nhdt la nhdm bdc si, giao vien, cdn bd qudn 1^ (ttdn 91%), Vl ttrong quan giOa sd eon hidn cd vd hpe van cua ngudi vp, kit qua cho thiy hpc vin cda ngudi vp cdng cao thi ty 1$ hd gia dinh ed 1-2 cdng Idn vd ty le hp gia dmh 3-4 ttd len cang thip Cy thi, ttong cac nhdm gia dinh cd ngudi vp vdi hpc vin d mde tiiu hpe, ttung hpc co sd, phd Ihdng trung hpe, eao ddng hay dai hpe thi t^ le ed 1-2 conttrongung Id 47%, 66%, 74% vd 89% Kit qud ndy gpi y rdng nhihig ehuyin ddi co ciu nghi nghiep eimg nhu ndng cao hpc van ttong qua ttinh cdng nghiep hod vd dd thi hod ed till da tde dOng ddng kl din vife giam mde sinh, 3.2, Logi hinh gia dinh Khi xem xdt co ciu theo lo^ hinh, hd gia dinh thudng dupe chia thdnh hai nhdm chinh Id gia dmh hat nhdn vd gia dinh md rdng Gia dinh h?t nhdn gim mdt hoac hai the hd cha me sing ridng hodc sdng eung vdi cai ehua ket hdn Gia dinh md rpng cd the theo chieu dpc it nhit bao gdm thi h | hodc md rdng theo child ngang gom anh em hoac ngudi hp hang khde hojc it nhdt hai edp hdn nhdn Bang Loai hlnb h? gia dinh theo dd thj - ndng thdn Ban v/: % Lo^i hinh hd gia dinh Chi c6 V9 ohdng \Q chdng va cdi Gia dmh md rdng N Bo thi Ndng thdn Chung 8,0 3,4 5,3 67,6 24,4 60,9 35,7 63,7 31,0 250 350 600 Ngudn: So li$u khao sdt cua Se Idi nghien tnht nSm 2015-2016 Trong phdn tich ndy, gia dinh hsit nhdn dupe chia thdnh hai loai hinh: chi cd vp ehdng vd vo ehing vdi eon cdi Kit qua eho thiy, ttong mau ed 69% gia dinh hat nhdn so vdi 31% gia dinh md rdng So sdnh gitta dofliiva nongtiidn,ty Ip gia dmh hjt nhdn d till cao hon d ndng thdn, djc biet Io?i hmh gia dinh ehi ed vp ehdng d dd thi Id 8% so vdi 3,4% d ndng thdn, Phdntichloji hinh gia dmh theo edetinhcua mlu nghien eiiu cho thiy, ty Ip hO gia dmh chi cd vg chdng Id 6,7% d Bde Ninh, 20% d Thai Bmh va khdng cd mlu d tinh c6n Iji, M|t khde, ty le hp gia dinh md rdng d Thira Thien - Hui, Bkih Duong vd Cin Tho ndm ttong khodng tti 20% dln.30%, nhung len din 46,7% d Bdc Ninh, Diiu ndy c6 till phdn dnh su tae ddng eua ede yiu tl ttuyin tiling vd hipn d?i hod, edng nghipphoa din loai hinh gia dhih Id khac gifla ede dia phuong va Tudn Huy, Nguyin Thien Minh Anh 33 Bang Lo^i hinh gia dinh theo tinb Dan vj: % Loai hinh gia dinh Bac Ninh Thai Bmh Tinh Thira ThifinHu^ Chi cd V0 chdng 20,0 6,7 Vo chong va cai 46,7 51,7 79^ Gia dinh mo rdng 46,7 28,3 20,8 N 120 120 120 Ngudn: So lipi khdo sdt ciia de t&i nghien cuu hSm 2015-2016 - Bbih Duong Can Tho Chung - 5,3 63,7 31,0 600 - 70,8 29,2 120 70,0 30,0 120 Sd khdng chi cd tuong quan vdi quy md ma edn cd tuong quan vdi co cau loai hinh gia dinfa Ket qud pfadn ticfa tii so lifu tfauc ngfaifm eho tfady, kfai so cdng hfaieu tfai ty If fad gia dinh md rfng cang cao Diiu ndy cd le la kfai dd thi hod gia tdng, sd gia dinfa gidm, miic sdng vd mong muon sdng ridng tdng len, ty If fag gia dinfa md rfng sd gidm BSng Loai hinh hf gia dinh theo so cua hf gia dinh Don vi: % Loai hinh gia dmh So ciia hd gia dinh 1-2 3-4 con trd len Chi cd v? chdng 8,0 4,5 Vg chong va cai 67,3 58,0 44,0 Gia dmh md rdng 28,2 33,9 56,0 N 401 174 25 Nguon: Sd lifu khao sdt cua de tai nghiin cteu nam 2015-2016 - Chung 5,3 63,7 31,0 600 Nhung ket qud phdn ticfa ggi y rdng quy mdfadgia dinfa gidm tdc ddng cda cdng ngfaifpfada,dd tfaifaoa,vdi nfaiing tfaay ddi ttong ldi sdng, nfaan tfauc, nghi ngfaifp, nang cao hpc vdn va mdc thu nhap Trong do, sd gidm la mdt nguySn nhdn true tiip ddn din gidm quy md gia (finh Cdng vdi qud trinh gidm quy md gia dinh, xu hudng gia duih hgt nhdn dang trd nen pfad bien Dac bift Id,radhinfa gia finh cfai cd vp cfadng dd efailm ty le dang ke, lAat Id d dd thi Ty If faf gia dmh md rdng cdng giam di ddng xd fadi tang len, ndng cao mdc sdng vd ngudi ta cfaii y nfailu hon din ea nhdn Su- phat trien ben vung kinh tl gia dinh va cac yiu to tac dfng NhGng bidn dpi co cdu gia dinh cd nhGng tde dfng nfau thi nao dintinfabin viing ttong pfadt tridn kinfa te cua gia dfaifa? Xda ddi gidm ngfaeo vd nang cao miic sdng dupe quan nifm Id nfaGng cfai bdo cua phat triin bin viing vl kinh tl, dua din y tudng phdn tich vai ttd cua eac yeu td ca ciu gia finh din tfaay ddi miic sdng cda gia dinfa Tfaeo kit qua kfado sat vd tfaay ddi miic sdng nam gdn ddy, cd 25,7%fadgia dinfa cd miic song tang len nfailu, 44,2% tang len mpt it, 19% kfadng thay ddi, 9,3% giam di mft it va 1,8% hf gia dmfa giam di nfailu Nhu vfy, cd khoang 70% faf gia dinfa cd miic sdng tang len vd 30%fadgia dmfa cd miic sdng kfadng tfaay ddi fao^ gidm di ttong nam gdn day Dd ttd Idi cdufaditten,mdfainfafadiquy logistic da dupe dp dung vdi biin ph\i thupc Id muc bin vOng Mnh ti cua hQ gia dinh till hifn qua tfaay ddi miic sdng (gid tri la 34 Phdt triin gia dinh bin vieng vd mgt sd vdn de ddtra mdc sing tdng ISn; Id khdng thay ddi hodc gidm di), Cdo bidn sd dde IJp bao gom; si sing hp, nghi nghidp cua ngudi ehdng, hpc vdn eua ngudi vp, nhdm nam kit hdn, si lao ddng di ldm xa nhd, sd lao ddng ttong hd, trinh dp tay nghe cua lao dpng ttong hd, vin diu ttr cua hd gia dinh, dp dyng cdng ngh?, thi - ndng thdn, Bien sd nghi nghifp cua ngudi chdng cd miie (l=ndng dan, 2=cdng nhdn, ^ c h vy, budn bdn nhd, 4=hdnh chinh, van phdng, 5=bd dpi, edng an, qudn ly), Biin sd hpc vdn ciia ngudi vg dupe xdc dinh theo sd nam di hpe, Hai biin si ve trinh dd tay nghe va vdn ddu tu deu dupe xdc dinh theo tvr danh gia cua nguoi ttd ldi (l=rit khd khan, 2=kh6, khdn, 3=ttuiig bmh, 4=fliudn Ipi, 5=rit thudn Ipi), Biin sd vd mdc thu nhdp cua hd cung ed miic (l=ngheo, 2=ednttghdo,3=tnmg binh, 4=kha, 5=gidu), Biin sd miic dp phdt triin cdng nghiep ciia cae tinh dupe tinh dya trdn so lieu eua Ting cyc Thdng ke ve ehi sd phat trien edng nghiep cua ede tinh ndm 2014, Gid trj tdng ddn eua chi si phdt triin cdng nghiep tinh khao sdt Id: Bdc Ninh (87,5), Thai Binh (101,8), Binh Duong (107,2), Cin Tho (108,2) vd Thira Thien - Hui (111,2) (Ting cue Thing ke, 2015), Cdc biin si ddc Idp ed thi nhdm cdc yiu tl co eiu, dac diim nguin lye cda hp gia dinh vd mirc dp cdng nghipp hda ddi vdi su thay dii miic sing eua hp gia dinh, Nhdm biin si thupe co eiu nhu si eon sdng ttong hd, ndm kit hdn, nghi ngfaipp cda ngudi chong, hpe vin eua ngudi vp vd si lao dpng ttong hp di ldm xa Nhdm biin so phan dnh ddc diim ngudn luc cua hp gia dinh nhu si lao dpng ttong hp, ttinh dp tay nghi cua lao dpng ttong hd, vin ddu tu, miie dp dp dung edng nghe ttong sdn xuit vd mire thu nhdp, Chi cd mpt chi bdo eho biin si cdng nghiep hda Id mdc dd edng nghipp hda eiia cac tinh mau nghien ciru, Trong md hinh I, (Bang 6) ehi cd biin si hpc vin eua ngudi vo la ed -j nghia tiling kettongvi^c ndng cao miic sdng cua hd gia dmh Trong md hinh II, dua ede biin sd ve dde diem ngudn lue eua hd gia dmh vdo phan tich, cae biin §1 thupc nhdm co ciu gia dmh khdng cd y nghia tiling kd ddi vdi sufliaydii eua mirc sing gia dmh Trong si cdc biin si ngudn lyc, bien si "si lao ddng ttong hp" vd "dp dyng edng ngh?" khdng tdc dpng den thay dii miic sing cda hp gia dinh Trong hai biin so cd y nghia tiiong ke, biin so "vin dau ia" cd muc i nghia cao hon so vdi biin sd "trmh dp tay nghi" ttong vi$c ndng cao mdc sdng, Vdi md hhtii ni, ttong nhdm Win sd co edu nguin lyc gia dinh, ehi cdn biin si "ttmh dp tay nghi cua lao ddng" cho fliiy cd y nghia thong ke teong viec ndng cao miic sdng cua hp gia dmh Trong cdc biin si ldm fliay doi mirc sing cda hp gia dinh, cac bien so "miic fliu nhap" cd j nghia cao hon so vdi Win sd "muc dd cdng ngWpp hda", Trong dd, hd so hdi quy eho Win sd "khu vue flii" lai am va cd y nghia thing ke, tuc Id neu vdi dieu kien xae djnh bdi nhirng Win si khde ttong md hinh khdng ddi thi viec sdng d khu vue dd tiii lam gidm muc sing cua hp gia dinh, Md hmh eung eho xu hudng ttrong tu kW so sdnh giiJa hp gia dinh sdng d Cin Tho vd Thda Thien - Hui vdi sdng d Bdc Nmh, Vii Tuan Hiryj Nguyin Thi$n Minh Anh Bdng Md binh hii quy.dif bdo cdc yeu td dnh budng d^n s^ bin1 vihig kinb tl gia dlnb Md hlnb I Md binh U Md blnb III Cdc bien s6 ddc I|p Sd sdng hd 0,000 0,012 0,038 Nam kel hdn -0,034 0,005 A021 Nghi nghiep ngudi ch6ng 0,002 0,001 0,012 Hpc van cua ngudi vo 0,047 * 0,013 -0,026 S6 ngudi di lam xa nhd 0,093 0,084 0,035 S6 lao dpng hd 0,030 0,039 Trinh tay nghi ciia hd 0,063 0,060 • Vdn ddu tu cda hd 0,060 0,035 Ap dyng cdng ngh§ ciia tinh -0,026 -0,041 Mdc thu nhap cda hd 0,069 •• Khu vuc dd thi -0,134 ••• Tinh (nhdm d6i chdng la B5c Ninh) Thai Binh 0,050 Bmh Duong -0,029 | L can That -0,058 ••* P Thiia Thien Hui -0,041 ••• (Hing sd) 0,656 • " 0,277 0,309 *• N 600 600 600 Cfai Ihich: • Miicy ngUa 0,05; •• Mfcji nghTa 0,01; "'MucSr ngMa 0,001: - khdng dp dyng * - _ ** Kit luan Phdn tieh nhdng dae trung nhdn khau, co eiu gia dinh vl quy md vd loai hinh gia dmh cho thay gia dmh d Viet Nam khd dang d?ng vd ed xu hudng biin ddi ttong qua trinh cdng nghipp hda, thj hda vd Wen dai hda, Dae tnmg "co eiu dan si vdng" d nude ta Wen la ket qud eua qua dp ddn sd dac trung bdi dd tW hda va di cu din din gidm mde smh Dd cd IS eung Id kit qud cua nhfing tac ddng eua ehuyin dii co ciu kinh tl den nghi ngWep vd thu nhdp cda cdc thdnh vien gia dhih, ndng cao ttinh dp hpc vdn vd thay dii ldi song ttong sy phdn hda giira dd thi vd ndng thdn Quy md gia dmh gidm, loai hmh gia dinh hat nhan Id phi Win, ttong gia dmh chi ed vp ehdng tang len d khu vye ddfliicho thdy nhung Win dii ttong eo cdu gia finh la kit qua tae ddng eua nhfing yin to Trong eac yiu t l ngudn lyc cda co ciu gia dinh, mue thu nhjp cd -j nghia dang ke ttong phdt triin kmh tl gia dhih eho tiiiy j nghia quan ttpng cda mye tieu phat triin bin vihig vl kinh tl, khdng ehi Id giam ngheo ma phdi ndng cao mirc sdng ndi chung vi day Id CO sd dl phat ttiln, Trong kW nang cao "ttinh dp tay nghi cua Iao ddng" cd y nghia ttong vipc ndng cao miic sing cua hp gia dmh cho thiy vai ttd quan ttpng phdt triin nguon lyc ngudi tU cdc biin sd nguin luc khde nhu si lao dpng, sd ngudi di lam dn xa eua hd gia dmh kbdng cdn nWlu y nghia nua Kit qua eho thiy vai ttd quan trpng eua chdt lupng nguin nhdn lue hon Id si lupng lao dpng, Trong phdt ttien ngudn lye, ndng eao trinh dp hpe vin eua phu nu so vdi nam gidi Id yiu td quan ttpng dl nang eao bmh ddng gidi, Tuy nWdn, yiu td ndy cW cd till ed y nghia kW nhfing eo hpi dupe md rpng vd ndng lye lua chpn dupe ndng eao, Diiu dd ddi hdi 35 36 Phdt triin gia dinh bin viing vd mpt sd vdn di ddt nhBng biin ddi xa hdi cung nhu biin ddi gia dinh, Trong phdt triin vd Win ddi xd hdi Wen nay, hudng din phat triin bin viing Id mdt xu the chung eiia ede qude gia tten todn ciu, Tinh chat ben virng the hien su hdi hda gifia cdc eWeu eanh kinh te, xa hdi vd mdi trudng, Phdntichthay ddi miic sdng cua hp gia dinh eho thdy vai ttd ciia ede yeu td co eau, nguin luc vd mirc dp cdng ngWep hda edng nhu miic dp ben viing ttong phat trien ndi ehung d cdp dp VI md cung nhu nhfing bien ddi ttong gia dinh, Dd tW hda gdn lien vdi edng ngWep hda la nhihig yeu td ddc bi?t ed y nghia ttong viee md rdng eo hpi cho sir lua chpn eua ngudi dan, Tuy nWen, tdc dpng din thay dii muc sdng eua hp gia dinh theo hudng khdng bin viing eho thiy nhiing vin dl ddng quan tdm dat khdng cW ddi vdi cdng nghidp hda vd dd thi hda d nude ta ttong giai doan Wen md edn ddi hdi nang cao nang lyc lua chpn va eac ngudn lyc gia dinh, Tai lieu tham khao BM Quang Tail, 2015, That bai cua thi tnrdng vi thfc b?l cua nha nude Tgp chi Phdi triin bin vSngviing, s6 DJng Nguyen Anh 2015 NghSo da chidu d Vi$t Nam: Mdt s6 vin dl chinh sach va thuc tiin Tap chiJCS hoi hQC, sd2 John Knodel John, Vu Manh Loi, Rukmalie Jayakody,, Vu Tuan Huy, 2005, Qender Roles hi the Family: Change and StabiUty in Vietnam Asian Population Studies, Vol 1, No, 1, Le Bsch Duong va Nguyin Thanh LMm, 2011 Tic ndng llidn IhanhphS: Tdc dfng kinh li-xShql da di cif a F/e/7to/n Nxb Lao ddng Ha Ndi Peter S Heller, 2006 Is Asia Prepared for an Aging Population? (2006 Intemational Monetary Fund), Sheldon H Danziger & Robert H Haveman 2001, Vndsrslandingpoverly Russen Sage Foundation, Sivalingum Subranianien, 2013 Enhancing the wellbemg of older people in Mauritius Ph.D Thesis, Tdng cue Thong ke 2015 Nien gidm thing ke 2015 Nxb Thing kl Ha Ndi, UNFPA 2014 Bao dam thu nhSp cho ngudi cao tali * Vift Nam: Luong hmi xa hpi - Tdm tat chinh s4ch United Nations 2013, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Ageing 2013 ST/ESA/SER.A/348 Vifn Khoa hpc xa hpi Vift Nam 2011, Giam nghSo d Vift Nam - Thanh tvru va thach thiic, Vu Tuin Huy, 2012 Some Basic Social Problems with the Sustainable Development of Households in the Northwest of Vieaiam.Cianamyoa™a/o/famiyyan(;GenrferSWiai,No,2/2012 ™ ' w ! ^ ; i ° " ; T ? ' w ' ' ' , ' ^ ° " ' ; ° " " « '^''^" 20W20/J.- Ending Poverty and Sharing Prosperily Washington, DC World Bank Group World Bank s f /• ... Nhom tuoi Dudi 15 tu6i 15- 30 31-40 41 -50 51 -60 61 trd lea N 24,9 26,2 23,0 25, 6 27,7 22,3 16,2 15, 1 17,9 13,9 14,0 13,8 13,8 12,1 163 5, 5 4,9 63 600 350 250 NguSn: S6 lieu diiu tra thtfc nghidm... ngudi, 53 ,5% td 3-4 ngudi, 34,7% tu 5- 6 ngudi vd cfai cd 6 ,5% fad giaffinhcd ngudi ttd len Khodng 70%fadgia ^nfa d dd tfai so vdi 51 % d ndng tfadn cd 2-4 ngudi Trong do, khodng 25% hf gia dinh... ciia hd gia dinh 1-2 3-4 con trd len Chi cd v? chdng 8,0 4 ,5 Vg chong va cai 67,3 58 ,0 44,0 Gia dmh md rdng 28,2 33,9 56 ,0 N 401 174 25 Nguon: Sd lifu khao sdt cua de tai nghiin cteu nam 20 15- 2016