Tac dong ciia han han ddn sinh kg cua dan cunong thon tinh Ninh Thuan Tran Thj Tuyet', Bao Hoang Tuan', Pham Manh H i ' ' Vi?n Dia li nhan van, Vi?n Han lam Khoa hgc xa hpi Vi?t Nam Email: trantuyet.iesd@gmail.com Nhgn thang nam 2018 Chip nhan thang nam 2018 Tom tat: Tinh Ninh Thuan cua Viel Nam la viing dit co hau khic nghiet Ci day, hien tugng ban han, thieu nuoc dien thudng xuyen vao cac thang mua kho, anh hudng nghiem trgng den hoat dgng sinh ke va ddi song cua dan cu Dan cu nong thon la ddi tugng de bi ton thuong ngu6n lyc ban chd va ttr lieu san xuit chinh phu thu^c vao didu kien ty nhien Chinh vi v^-y, c2n nang cao nang luc ling cua dan cu doi vdi tac dgng cua han han Tu- khoa: Dan cu nong thon, han han, sinh kh, Ninh Thuan Phan loai nganh: Dia ly hgc Abstract: Vietnam's Ninh Thuan province is a region with severe climate Droughts and water shortages occur frequently in the months of the dry season, seriously affecting the livelihoods of the population Vulnerable are the mral population, whose resources are lunited ^ d main means of production depend on natural conditions Therefore, it is necessary to improve their capacities in responding to the impacts of droughts Keywords: Rural population, drought, livelihood, Ninh Thuan Subject classification: Geography M& dau Han han la hien tirong thidn tai, xay d bau het cac viing hau khac So vdi cac loai hinh jhidn tai khac, ban ban phat smh chain, didn tir tii song keo dai, anh hudng ddn nhieu linh vye cua ndn kmh td va cae hoat ddng cua ngudi Trong do, ddi tirgng bi anh hudng nghidm trgng nhit 40 1^ ^^n eu ndng thdn vi hg lay san xuit ndng nghiep la hogt ddng sinh kd chinh Trong bdi eanh hien nay, bidn ddi hau cang trd nen phiic tap; tii dd eac sinh kd dugc danh gia khdng chi dua vao tinh bdn viing tren phuang dien kinh td xa hgi, mdi tnrdng va thd chd, ma edn dua'vao vi?c thich ling vdi han ban d Vidt Nam Tinh Ninh Thuan la Idiu vuc thudng xuydn bi Trin Thj Tuydt, Dao Hoang Tuin, Pham Manh Ha anh hudng ciia ban han (dac bidt nhirng nam g i n day) Bai vidt^ phan ti'ch nhimg tae dgng tidu eye ciia ban han den sinh kd dan eu ndng thdn tinh nham eung cap co sd khoa hgc de eac nha hoach dinh ehinh sach, cac nha quan Iy ed nhung ke hoach phat tridn hop ly, tidn ddn quan ly hidu qua ban ban va ngudn nude gan vdi phat trien sinh ke ndng thdn bdn vung tai tinh Ninh Thuan Dac diem han han d tinh Ninh Thu^n Ninh Thuan nam vdng dai ndi chi tuydn, cd che buc xa ddi dao (I70Kcal/cm^) day nen nhiet eao, it bien dgng, phan bd kha ddu gifta eae thang vdi nhiet dg trung binh nam la 26,4 27,5°C Hang nam, Mat Trdi di qua thien dinh lan vao thang va thang 8; cao Mat Trdi ldn; thdi gian chieu sang dai (11 gid/ngay), trung binh hang nam cd tdi 2.800-2.900 gid nang (thang nang nhieu nhat la thang vdi 291 gid, va thang nang it nhat la thang vdi 196 gid) Che gid d Ninh Thuan theo hai hudng chinh dong h i e va tay nam vdi tdc trung binh nam dao ddng tir 2,8-3,6in/s Tir thang 11 ddn thang 3, chu yeu la gid ddng b i c thdi vao ban ngay, ban ddm xuat hidn gid thung limg theo hudng tay bae vdi dac didm tdc gid cao (tdc ldn nhat dat 5,0ni/s va nhd nhit dat 2,0m/s) Tir thang trd di, ban gid ddng nam dan thay thd cho gid ddng bac, ban ddm gid thung liing van chd ngy theo hudng tay bae Vdi dac trung nhu tren, ndn du ban kha ning ndng nhung ban ddm ban lai diu mat Ve che mua - am, Ninh Thuan nam khu vye cd lugng mua nam thap nhat ca nude (trung binh nam dat 700-800mm d phd Phan Rang - Thap Cham va tang dan theo eao tren 1.100mm d viing midn mii) Nam 2014, tdng lugng mua ehi dat khoang 512,9nmi, thap han lan so vdi tdng lugng mua nam 2013 (1.049,3nim) Do lugng mua ban ehe ndn am tirung binh nam thap (chi daX tir 70%75% va chenh lech am kha ldn giua cac thang cao nhat va thap nhat) Nhu vay, hau Ninh Thuan cd tinh bien dgng eao, chiu anh hudng cua nhieu hidn tugng thdi tidt dac bidt Gid tay khd ndng tir thang ddn thang 11, mua gian doan ket hgp vdi bdc hai manh (I.OOO1.600mm) la mdt nhung nguydn nhan gay khd han cho tinh Ninh Thuan [4], [15],[I6] Kdt qua tinh toan vd chi sd nhiet am^ giai doan 2005-2016 tai fram Phan Giang, eho thay; toan tinh nam vimg ban khd ban vdi chi sd ban trung binh (K) nlm khoang tir 0,5 den 1,6; nhidu nam lugng mua nhd ban 1.000mm (vi du nhihig nam 2005-2006,2011, 2014-2015) Bang I: Chi so nhiet am tinhNinh Thuan giai d o ^ 2005-2016^ Nam K 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0,73 0,53 0,96 1,41 1,06 1,65 0,91 1,08 1,09 0,52 0,8 1,44 Xet theo thang, chi sd khd h^n (K