Từ tư liệu hán nôm đến biên soạn bách khoa thư ngành hán nôm

Tir Tir LIEU HAN NOM DEN BIEN SOAN BACH KHOA THlf NGANH HAN NOM TRINH K H A C M A N H T R A N TRONG D U - O N G " Tom tdt: Hien viec bien soan Bach khoa todn thir Viet Nam dang giai dogn khfli dpng, nhieu van de dang dirge cac nha khoa hpc quan tam, nhu: ve co cau bp Bdeh kkoa todn thu, ghep nganh moi quyen, van de so tugng muc tft moi quyen, viec ban dfii ty le ham lugng tri thuc the gioi va tri thftc Viet Nam cua mfii quyen, npi dung bien soan cac muc til, vin dfi triing cheo cac muc tft, v.v Bai viet tham chieu cac bp thu tjch cfl Han Nom cfl tinh bach khoa thu hoac bach khoa thu lich sft, dong thai torn tat nhihig tuu nghien cuu ca ban (ca vS ly thuylt lln thirc tien) dfi phue vu cho cong tic bien sogn Bach khoa thu Hdn Nom (thufic bp Bach khoa todn thu Viet Nam) thai gian sap tdi Tu khoa: Tu lieu Han Nom, Bach khoa thu Han Nflm Han Nom hpc; Bach khoa thu Viet Nam Abstract: An encycloppedia of Vietnam has been under preparation A lot of issues have been of great comcern to teams of experts such as the structure ofthe Ecyclopedia, the combination of different disciplines in one volume, the nuViber of headings in each volume, the balance of world knowledge and knowledge about Vietnam to be introduced, the content ofthe headings, solutions to the overlapping know ledgd^ between the headings This writing refers to the old Han Nom encyclopedic books, andsummarises the findings by researches done so far (theoretical and practical achievements) so as to provide more information for the writing of a Han Nom encyclopedia as part ofthe Encyclopedia ofVietnam Key words: Han Nfim material Bach khoa thu Han Nfim, the study of Han Nom, Encyclopedia ofVietnam T _ rai hang ngan nam lich sir, nguoi Viet Nam da sit dung chir Han va chO Nom ik sang tac truoc thuat; ghi chep cac c6ng van tai lieu, sach vo; khic tren bia da, chuong d6ng, b i k g6 chu Nom, la mot bo phan quan trong toan bo di san van hoa dan tgc Viet Nam noi rieng va di sari van hoa cua nhSn loai noi chung Nguon tu lieu Han Nom da ghi lai qua trinh diu tranh va cac loai tu lieu khac, v.v Nhiing thu tich, tu lieu viSt bang chO Han va 'PGS.TS Vien Nghien cim Han Nom " TS Vien Nghien cilu Han Nom TJSP CHi HAN NOM so (144) - 2017 dung nuflrc va giu nuflc, cung nhu cac hogt dgng ve chinh tn, kinh tfi, quSn su, ngoai giao, van hgc, lich su, dia ly, giao due dao tao, tfln giao, tin nguoiig, van hfla, nghfi thuat v.v cua dan tgc Viet Nam trai ngan nam lich su, cfl nhung dflng gflp to lfln su nghiep xay dung nen van hfla Viet Nam Theo chung toi, ngufln tu lieu Han Nom rat huu ich cho vific tham khao bifin scan Bach kkoa todn thu Viet Nam hien Nhu mgi ngufli da biet, Thu tuflng Chinh phu da phe duyet "De an bien soan Back khoa todn thu Viet Nam" theo Quyfit djnh 1262/QD - TTg 28 thang nam 2014; va Thu tuflrng Chinh phu da phe duyet lgp "Hfli dflng chi dgo bifin sogn Bach khoa todn tku Viet Nam" theo Quyfit dinh 238/QD - TTg 15 thang nam 2015 Hifin vific bien -sogn bg Bach khoa todn thu Viit Nam dang giai dogn khfli dgng, nhifiu van dfi dang dugc cac nha khoa hgc quan tam, nhu: vfi ca cau bg Back kkoa todn tku Viet Nam hien nay, ghep nganh mo! quyen, van dfi sfl lugng muc tir mfli quyfin, viec xac dinh ham lugng tri thuc thfi gifli va tri thurc Viet Nam cua moi quyen, ngi dung bien sogn cac muc td, vSn dfi triing cheo cac muc tir, v.v Dfi cfl cai nhin tham chifiu cac bg thu tich CO Han Nflm cfl tinh bach khoa thu hoac bach khoa thu lich sir, chiing tfli diem dfli net ve ngi dung bien scan nhirng bg sach cua Trung Quflc va Viet Nam, hai nuflc cfl nhiJng net tuong dflng van hfla de tham kh&o Tir lieu Han van co tinh bach khoa thur o* Trung Qudc TRINH KHAC NI^NH - Tl^N TRQNG DU'ONG CJ Trung Quflc, nhimg bg sach cfl tinh chuyfin de, ngi dung phan theo mfin logi, cfl the kfi den bg NhT Nha ® dfli sflm nh^t tir dai Han (the ky II, TCN), cac muc tir bg sach dugc trinh bay theo 19 mon logi nhu: nha ciia, dfi diing am nhae, trfli dSt, nui sfing, cay cfli, chim muflng, gia sue, v.v Tiep dfin la bfl Hodng ldm M.% bifin soan vao dfli Tam Quflc (nam 220), tfing hgp tri thiic vfi tha, van fl Trung Quflc gfim 210 quyfin sau bfl bien tang Ifin 680 quyfin Dfli Duflng cfl bfl mang tinh bach khoa thu, nhu: Bdc Duong thu itM f #• Ngu Thfi Nam (558 - 638) bifin sogn, gfim 160 quyen, ngi dung theo 19 mfln loai; Nghi vdn loai tu # x l ^ l ^ Au Ducmg TuSn (557 - 641) bien soan, gfim 100 quyfin trinh bay cac tri thiic tflng hgp vfi van hgc nghfi thuat cfl dgi va duang dai Trung Quflc; Sa hgc ky iv ^il Tir Kien (659 -729) bien soan, ngi dung trinh bay cac tri thiic ve tho van Trung Quflc Tir dfli Tflng trfl di, cac bg sach mang tinh bach khoa thu cang nhieu, nhu: Thdi Binh hodn vw ky ic.-f t ^ i e , Nhae Str (930 - 1007) bifin sogn, gflm 100 quyfin vfi dia chi; Thdi Binh ngy: lam iL-f-^^?%i^ Ly Phong (925 - 996) bien sogn, gfim 1.000 ngi dung tflng hgp cac tri thiic vfi van chirang khoa hgc cua Trung Quflc va sau dugc bfl bifin Thdi Binh Qudng kyX-f-JpJL Dfin nam 1319, cfl bg Vdn kiin thdng khdo :^,%i3.:^ Ma Doan Lam (1254 - 1323) sogn, gflm 348 quyfin, day la bg sach mang tinh bach khoa thu tfing hgp va ngi dung chia lam 25 mon Ioai TU TU LIEU HAN NOM B6N BIEN SOAN (thi cir, quan chfi, lfi nghi, bifin phong, qudn dfli, kinh sach, am nhgc, v.v ) Sau nay, noi tieng la bg VTnh Lgc dgi diin ^yi^^:^ (1408), Hoang dfi Thanh Tfi nha Minh true tifip trflng coi viec bien soan, cfl thfi coi day la mgt nhung bg bach khoa thu lfln Hch su Tnmg Quflc, gflm 11.095 tap vifit tay Bfi sach tong hgp cac tri thuc ve kinh, su, tu, tha van, thien van dia Iy, Nho, y, ly so, khoa hgc tir nhien, nfing hgc, v.v Tiep den la bg Td kho todn tku E3/t ^ # , bg bach khoa ldn nhat lich sir phong kien Trung Qufic dugc Hoang dfi Can Long nha Thanh giao cho 361 hgc gid bien soan khoang thai gian tir nam 1773 dfin nam 1782 Vfli phln \aa\aKinh(m,Su(^),Tu(-f),Tqj(^y, Tu kho todn tku da tap hgp tren 10.000 ban thdo tir cac bfl siru tap cua cac trifiu dai phong kifin Trung Quflc thuflc tdt ca cac ITnh vuc khoa hgc tu nhifin, khoa hgc xa hgi, van hgc nghfi thuat, v.v Tong cgng bg bach khoa thu cfl 79.000 phan vfli 36.381 quyfin Xin neu mflt sfl bfl sach dgi dien mang tinh bach khoa thu hoac la bach khoa thu ciia Trung Quoc, dfi thay rang vific bifin soan nhung bfl sach cfl tinh bach thu fl nuoc da cfl tir rat sflm va dugc nha nuac ciing cac nha khoa hgc quan tam bifin scan, nfiu Hfit kfi chi tifit cac sach cfl tinh bach khoa thu o Trung Qufic truflc day thi cfl den vai tram ngan cufln Nam chua triet dfi phan nganh, cac tdc phdm Han Nflm thuflng mang tfnh tflng hgp, da nganh, lien nganh; nhu mgi ngufli thuflng nfli, la "van, sOr, trifit bat p h a n " ( X t ^ ^ ^ : ^ ) - Vfli each nhin hifin ciia cac nhd khoa hgc Viet Nam, thi thu tjch Han Nfim bao gom cac tac pham va tu lieu thuflc nhieu nganh khoa hgc khac nhau, ma chu yeu la khoa hgc xa hfli va khoa hgc nhan van Vific bien sogn sach Han Nom cfl tinh bach khoa thu fl Viet Nam lufin cfl y nghTa khoa hgc va gia tri thuc tien de phue vu cho vific tim hieu, nghifin cuu nen khoa hgc nuac nha Theo y kien ciia mgt sfl hgc gia, a Viet Nam vific bifin scan nhiing bg sach mang tinh bach khoa thu xuat hien tir thfi ky XI, tgo nfin nhung phuang tien tra ciru cdn thifit va phfl bifin tri thitc Sach mang tinh bach khoa thu fl Viet Nam kha da dang, nhu: dgi dien, tir dien, tu dien, sach mon logi theo chuyfin ngdnh, mfln loai da nganh, v.v ; nhihig sach dugc thfi hifin bang van tu Han va Nom Sau day chiing tfii xin nfiu mfit sfi bg sach mang tinh bach khoa thu vifit bang chii Han vd chiJ Nflm, cfl thfi tham khao phue vu cfing tac bien soan Bdeh kkoa iku todn tku Viet Nam hien 2.1 Nhitng bg dgi dien hgi diin Tu- lifiu Han Nfim co tinh bach khoa thu- d Viet Nam Nhihig bg sach dai dien fl nuac ta xudt hi$n tir thfli Ly vfli nhung tdc pham bifin soan cfl tinh bach khoa thu,' nhu: Hodng trieu ngoe diep # , ^ i ; ^ soan nam Thuan Thien thir 17 (1026) dfli vua Ly Thai Tfl, v.v rat tific sach nay dd mdt Di san Han Nom Viet Nam dfli nhung thfli ky hgc thuat a Viet Thai Tran nhung bg sdeh dai difin tiep tue dugc xuat hifin, nhu Hodng triiu TAP CHI HAN NOM sfi (144) - 2017 dgi diin M.^^^ (10 quyfin) thfli Tran Du Tfing (1341 - 1369), v.v dfiu la nhiing bg sach cfl gia tri ghi chep vfi lugt phap, lich sir, dia ly md khfing Thoi Lfi, cfl Li triiu hgi dien ^ | ^ - # " ^ ', difin lfi cua bg trifiu Le ve cdc van dfi nhu: thufi rugng dat, thufi Iam thfl san, phu dich (thuflc Bg Hg); chfi quan chirc, vinh phong, phdm thii (thuflc Bg Lai); dfln ai, binh luang, tur tudt, thi cung kifim vo nghfi (thufic Bg Binh); kifin tung, kham tir thi, tra hfli tgi nhan (thugc Bfi Hinh); dfi difiu, duflng sa, cung mifiu (thuflc Bg Cong); lfi nghi cac tiet, tfi Thdi Mieu (thugc Bg Lfi) Thai Nguyfin co Lich dai dien yeu thdng ludn ^ - R - ^ - ^ i S ^ , 12 quyfin, Tfi Am Cu SI Phan Vifin Khanh j f i t ^ bifin tap va viet bdi dan Phan Huy Chli ^ ^ J i de tua Nfli dung cfl: Quan dao, gflm cac muc: cdn diic, kiem diic, vu hgc, gido the tir, ngp gian, kinh thien, phap tfl, nhan hifin, di ddn Than dao, gflm cdc muc; tuflng soai, hgc hdnh, thien van, chinh thudt Quan chinh, gflm cdc muc: Ie nhae, gido hfla, khoa cu, thuyfin tuyfin, quan che, binh che, dfln difin, tdi dung, hinh chfi Sach Qudc triiu yiu dien ® 1^ -^ ^ , ngi dung ghi cac difin lfi quan trgng cua trifiu Nguyen, tir Gia Long (1802 - 1819) dfin Ty Dire (1848 - 1883), gflm chi, du, nghj djnh, dieu Ifi, ludt Ifi vfi cac vdn de quan nhu, quan chfi, gido due, khoa cir, dn tin, lang mieu Dgc bifit cfl bfi Minh Minh chinh yeu a^ #-jE.-^ , gom 25 quyfin Ngi dung ghi cac chinh sach quan trgng dufli trifiu Minh Menh, chia 22 muc: Kinh Thifin, Phdp to, Don than, Thfi thdn, Cdu hien, Kifin quan, Cdn chinh, Ai ddn TRINH KHAC tAANH - TRAN TRQNG DU'ONG Trgng nong (thugng ha) Siing kifim Lfi nhgc (thugng, hg), Giao hfla, Chfi binh Than hinh (thugng, hg), Tai phii, Phap do, Simg van, Phan via (thugng, ha), Quang ngfln lg, Cfl phong thu, Phu bien, Nhu vifin Bg Khdm dinh Dgi Nam hgi diin su le i^^-K^-^^^^, gom tap voi 262 quyfin (Q) Qufic su quan trifiu Nguyfin bifin scan Nfli dung gom: cdc bdi chi, du, nghi dinh va chi chuan tir dfli Nguyfin Gia Long dfin dfli Ty Diic, ve cac viec chinh tri, giao due, thi cOr quan chfi , fl Bfl Lai (tir Q.1-Q.35), Bg Hg (tir Q.36 - Q.68), Bg Lfi (tit Q.69 - Q.l36), Bg Binh (tir Q.137 - Q178), Bfl Hinh (tir Q.l78 - Q.204), Bg Cong (tir Q.205 Q.223), Vien Ngi cac Vifin Do sat (tir Q.224 Q.230), Thong chinh chirc chuflng, Quang Igc thi Thai thuflng thi (tir Q.231 - Q.238), Phu Ngi vu (tir Q.239 - Q.243), Vu kho, Thuang truflng, Mfic truong (tir Q.244 - Q.25]), Buu chinh hfla phdo (tir Q.252 - Q.255), Tai chinh Thai y, Quoc tir gidm (Q.256 - Q.262) 2.2 Cdc bg gido khoa thu - tie dien song ngu Hdn Viet Cac bg sach tir difin song ngii Han Viet thyc chat Id cdc sach gido khoa day cha Hdn tir vyng tifing Hdn bang each sir dung chii Nom va tifing Viet de giai thich Dac difim ciia cdc sdeh sir dung hinh thuc nhu tir dien, nhimg khong cfl cflng cu tra ciiu, cac bai khfla dugc xap xep theo mfln Ioai (cfl tinh bdeh khoa), dfli dugc lam thdnh tho chu hode 6/8 dfi hgc sinh hgc thufic long bdi khfla Song hinh thiic " mon logi" theo chu diem ciia cdc sach phan nao thfi hifin tinh bach khoa, ham Tir T U L!$U HAN N O M DEN BIEN SO^^N chiia cac tri thiic bdeh khoa Trdn Van Gidp (1984, 1990) thflng ke dugc bfl sach Nguyfin Thifin Giap (2005) thfing ke dugc hon 10 bg sach Trdn Trgng Duong (2016) thflng ke dugc hon 35 euon hifin cfln kho sach cua Vifin Nghifin Cliu Hdn Nom (VNCHN) Cac bg sach cfl tfnh bach khoa ndy Id mgt ngufln tham khdo quan trgng nghien cuu vfi van hifin vd van hfla Viet Nam cfi truyfin Tuy nhien a ddy, chiing tfli chi luge nfiu mgt sfi bfi Bg sach giai nghia ddu tien cfl tinh bach khoa thu Han van fl Viet Nam, co thfi la cufln Cki nam nggc dm gidi ngkia ^ a r i j i ^ ^ ^ Nfli dung bg tir difin la gidi thfch Han van bang chii Nflm, khodng 3.400 muc tir Han van dugc dich sang chii Nflm bdng nhung cdu tha luc bat, gfim 40 chuang, vfi thien van, dia If, nhdn Iudn, than thfi, tang phii, thyc bg, dm bg, v.v Ddy la mgt cfing trinh khoa hgc cfl gia tri ve van ty hgc, dfing thai ciing phdn anh trinh van hoa cua dan tgc Viet Nam duang thfli Tuy nhifin vfi thai difim xudt hifin bg sach cfln nhifiu y kifin khdc nhau, cfl y kifin cho rdng xudt hifin nam 1401 (thfi ky XV)^, ciing co y kifin cho rang cfl tir thfi ky XVII^ Cac y kifin khac vfi nien dgi bg sach Chi nam ngoe dm gidl nghta ^ a i l j i ^ S f ,^ dang dugc cac nha khoa hgc Viet Nam tifip tue nghien ciiu Sach giai nghTa Han Nom cfl tfnh bach khoa thu fl Viet Nam dugc bifin sogn nhifiu vdo cac thfi ky XVIII - the ky XIX, thuong Id nhihig bg tir difin giai thich Han van bdng chii Nom, dfi dap ling nhu cdu hgc tgp Han van cua ngufli Viet Nam thoi bdy gia, vi du cdc sach: - Nhgl dung thudng ddm EI ffl ^ t ^ Phgm Dinh Hfl fE.J*5i (1768 - 1839) bifin scan, day la bg tir difin giai thfch Han van bdng chir Nflm Ngi dung gflm nhifiu muc tir vd dugc xfip 32 nhflm, theo: thifin van, dia li, Nho giao, Dao gido, thdn the, nha ciia, trang phue, thyc phdm thao mflc, cfin triing, v.v - Tie Due thdnh che gidi nghia ca M '^^Mf^kwi in nam Thanh Thdi thii (1897) Day la sach day chir Han dugc giai nghla bang chu Nflm theo the lyc bat, dugc sap xep muc lfln, gflm: Kham du i $ ^ (thifin van, dia If), Nhdn su AJ^ (quan he xa hgi, nguoi), Chinh hoa j ^ •ft (giao due), Khi dung % ffl (vdt dimg), Thdo moc ^ ^ (cay co), Cdm thu ^^St (dgng vat, chim muong) va Triing ngu ^ ,#, (cfin trung, tfim ca), v.v - Dgi Nam quoc ngu ^^Mt% Hdi Chau Tir Nguyen Van San ^ f ^ ^ R t x W (khoang thfi ky XIX) bien tap va in nam Thdnh Thdi Ki Hgi (1899) Nfli dung gidi thich cdc tir ngii Hdn van va dich Nflm gflm nhieu ITnh vyc, chia 50 loai muc, ggi la "mfin" hay "bfi", nhu: thien van mon, dia li mfin, nhdn Iudn mfln, tam tang mon, cflng mfin, tyc ngir mfin v.v va thuy bg, tho bg, kim bg v.v - Nam pkuang danh vdt hf khdo r^ if Z ^ ^ ^ Thifin Dinh Dang Xudn Bdng ^ f p # (1828 - ?) bifin scan va viet tieu dan nam Thanh Thai Tan Suu (1901) Day la cuon tit dien song ngii chii Han chu" Nflm, ngi dung tir difin chia cdc muc, nhu: thifin vdn, dia If, thfli tiet than thfi, tdt benh, nhdn su, nhan ludn, nhdn phdm, quan chiic, am thuc, phue dung, cu Xli, cung thdt, thuyfin xe, vat TAP CHi HAN NOM SO (144) - 2017 dung, le nhae, binh, hinh, hg, cflng, nflng tang, ngu Hep, my nghe, ngfl cfic, rau qua, thdo mflc, cdm thii, cfin triing, v.v - Chi Nam bi logi 4|i^-^lK Tue Y Vien ^ f - l " ^ chu gidi, ddy Id bang tir dien song ngu^ chii Han chG Nfim, chia cdc muc nhu: thifin van, dia ly, thao moc, cam thii, canh nong, v.v 2.3 Logi sdeh Hdn vdn dung tra cdu Loai sach ndy chiing tfii thong kfi chia theo mfin logi chuyfin nganh (hay ggi Id timg thu), gfim nhiing sach md ngi dung cfl tinh bach khoa diing dfi tra Cliu rdt tifin feh - Vfi lich sir, chiing ta cfl nhiing bg sit dfl so va rdt co gia tri tim hifiu Hch sii Viet Nam, nhu: Dgi Viet su ky lodn thu XM^it-^'$ nhifiu hgc gid thfli Lfi (1428 - 1778) bifin sogn, la bg sir dfi so ghi chep Hch sir Viet Nam tir lap nuac den thfi ky XVII Dgi Viet thong su ^^i^^ cua Le Qui Dfin ^ ^ $ (1726 - 1784), Id bg thfing sir trifiu Le (tir thfi ky XV- the ky XVIII) Dgi Viit su ky luc biin ^^^il^,^ (con co tfin Hdu Le thai su ky luge t4^a#^.^e.B§-, Id bg sir viet ve lich su Viet Nam giai dogn 1676 1789, vd dugc chiia Trjnh Sdm sai bien soan vao nam 1775 Dgi Viet sd ky tiin bien ^-^^iL^^ khdc in nam Canh Thinh thii (1800) dfli Tdy San, nOi dung ghi Hch sir Viet Nam tir thfli Hfing Bang den thoi Minh thufic Phdn Ngogi ki quyfin, chep tir Hflng Bang dfin Ngfi sii quan; Phdn Bdn ki 10 quyen, chep tir Dinh Tifin Hodng dfin thugc Minh Sdeh cfln cfl sa dfl vfi sy chia tach hoac hgp nhat cua dat nuflc qua cdc dfli vd bai Tong ludn vfi sir Viet TRINH KHAC MANH • TRAN TRQNG DUONG Nam cua Le Tung Khdm dinh Viet su thdng gidm cuang myc ik^^^i^^M, Qufic su quan trifiu Nguyen chii tri vific bifin tdp, Phan Thanh Gian ^itir^l chu bifin, Pham Xuan Que - ; e ^ ^ phfl chu bien, khoi thdo nam Tu Ditc thii (1856), hoan thdnh nam Ty Diic thir 34 (1881), gflm 42 quyfin; ngi dung ghi lich su bien nifin Viet Nam, gflm phdn, tir dfli Himg Vuong dfin Mufli hai Sit quan (tifin bien), tir Dinh Tien Hoang dfin Le Mdn Dfi (Chinh bifin) Dgi Nam thuc lye -k ^ '^ &^ •, Quflc su qudn trifiu Nguyen bifin scan tir nam Minh Menh thii (1821) dfin nam Duy Tdn thii (1909), Idn lugt in tir nam Thieu Tri thii (1844) dfin nam Duy Tan thir (1909), gom 560 quyfin chia Iam phdn (tien tien vd chinh bien); la bfl sii bifin nien cua trifiu Nguyen, ghi lai giai doan lich su 300 nam, tir Nguyfin Hodng xung chiia a Dang Trong (1558), dfin nam Dfing Khanh thir (1888), v.v Ddy la nhirng cfing trinh bifin soan lich sii Viet Nam thfli ky phong kifin cua nhieu nhd sit hgc nfli tifing Viet Nam - Vfi dia chf, chung ta cfl kha nhifiu tu lieu Tdi Hfiu Han Nflm du dia chi, bao gflm cac tai lieu khdo vfi dia ly dat nuac va cac dia phuang Hch sit phat trifin cua quflc gia Khdi nifim du dia chi a ddy la nhiing tai lieu ghi chep vfi Hch sir, dja ly, gfim nhung ngi dung, nhu: ranh gifli, difin each, hinh thfi; va nhung tai lieu co lifin quan, nhu: tfin niti va tfin song, hay duflng bg va duflng thuy, v.v gop phdn vdo viec nghien Cliu dia chf Tuy nhien, fl nuflc ta mfii don vi tai lieu du dia chf chep vfi lich sii, dia Iy cfln ghi chfip nhifiu ngi dung TUTU LI$U HAN NOM BEN BIEN SOi^N khac, va dugc trinh bdy nhu sau: ranh gioi, difin each, hinh thfi, hdu, phong tyc, tri, truang hgc, hg khdu, mii song, khe dam, cfi tich, dfin chua, dfi difiu, chg, nhdn VEit, v.v Can cii vao nfli dung tdi lieu Han Nflm du dia chi, chung tfli loai lfln: Mgt Id, quflc chf (tflng chf), ghi chep dia chi cua ca nuflc Hai Id, dia phuong ehi (phuong chf), dia phuong chi lai chia mdy logi nhfl, nhu: khu vyc (vimg mifin) chi, ghi chep Hch su, dia ly cua vimg ndo dfl, hoac mien nao do; tinh chi ghi chep Hch sii, dia ly cua tinh; huyfin chi (hoac phu chi), ghi chep lich su, dia Iy cua huyfin hoac phu; xa chi, ghi chep lieh sir, dia ly cua xa; thfln chi, ghi chep Hch su, dia ly cita thon Chung tfii thfing kfi so lugng tai lieu du'dia chf hifin dang luu giii tgi VNCHN nhu sau: quoc chf 66 tdc pham, dia phuang chi 91 tdc phdm (trong dfl khu vyc chf 22 tdc phdm, tinh chf 45 tac pham, huyfin phii chf 19 tac pham, xa chl tdc phdm, thon chi tdc phdm) Ddng chli y la cac tac pham: Thfli Le so cfl Du dia cki ^i^;^ ciia Nguyen Trai la cufln dia chi cfi nhdt cfln ^ l i dugc ciia nuflc ta, cfl thfi thiic nhu Ifli vifit Vu cdng va cfl tfin ggi An Nam Vii cdng 4^^ ^ ^ hoge Li Piiu cong phdp ^^-^y^ Thai Mge cfl O ckdu can luc $} J'H iSi^ Duong Van An bifin soan viet vfi dia Iy chdu (mifin ddt Qudng Binh - Thiia Thifin Hufi) thai Mac Canh Lich (15481553) Thfli Lfi Trung cfl Pkd bien tgp lyc ^ i ^ # ^ Lfi Quy Dfin soan nam Lfi Canh Hung thir 37 (1776) ghi chep vfi dia ly, lich sii xir Thuan Hfla va Quang Nam Thfli Nguyen, dia chi phat trifin cfl sfi lugng vugt trfli, voi nhieu bg quflc chi vd dia phuong chi co tinh bach khoa thu Dgc bifit bfl Dgi Nam nkdt thdng cki :^ilj—M t-, bg sdeh ghi dja chi ciia cac dia phuong, mfli tinh hay dia phuong dugc trinh bdy nhat qudn gflm cdc tri thiic lien quan den dia phuong Chiing tfii xin ddn chiing cdeh ghi tinh Hai Duong Dgi Nam nkdt thdng cki lam vi du, thir ty ghi nhu sau: 1/ Gifli thieu dja ly vd vimg sao: ghi dia gioi va vimg thuflc thifin van; 2/ Thanh lap vd difin cdeh: ghi qua trinh hinh thanh, phdt trifin vd cdc phu huyfin true thuflc theo timg thoi ky lich sii; 3/ Hinh thfi: mfi ta hinh thfi niii, song, dat dai, v.v 4/ Khf hdu: ghi thfli tiet vd nuflc; 5/ Phong tue: ghi vfi phong tyc tap qudn vd ldng nghfi; 6/ Thdnh tri: ghi vfi vi tri, difin tich vd qud trinh hinh thdnh, thay doi, v.v 7/ Truflng hgc: cac truflng hgc thufic tinh; 8/ Hg khdu: ghi ve sfi dinh; 9/ Thufi rugng dat: ghi ngach thufi, thu thfle hoge thu tifin; 10/ Niii, song: mfl td vi tri niii, song va nhung bdi van mfl ta hoac bdi tho de vinh vfi mii, sflng thuflc tinh; 11/ Cfl tich; 12/ Quan va ciia bien; 13/ Dich trgm; 14/Chg qudn; 15/Cau dfl; 16/ De difiu; 17/ Lang mg; 18/ Dfin mifiu; 19/ Chiia qudn; 20/ Nhan vdt; 20/ Hifiu tii; 21/ Li^t nii; 22/ Dgo sT vd nhd su; 23/ Thfi san - Ve ludt hgc, chiing ta cfl nhiing bg sach, nhu: Hinh thu M # sogn nam Minh Dao thii (1042) dfli vua Ly Thai Tong, Hinh ludl tku H*]^-^ (\ quyfin) soan nam Thieu Phong thir (1341) Truong Han Sieu va Nguyen Trung Nggn soan, rdt tiec la hai bg sdeh thfli Ly - Trdn dfiu mdt Thfli Lfi, co Hong Due thiin chinh Ihu ^ ^ - i - i l i # , ngi dung ghi 76 difiu TAP CHi HAN N M S6 (144) - 2017 luat ciia dfli Hflng Diic vfi rugng ddt, nflng tang, hfln nhan, chia gia tdi, chiic thu, van ty, v v ; hay Quoc trieu kinh ludt M^M^, nfli dung ghi difiu luat cua trifiu Lfi vfi tfii hmh thufic cdc ITnh vyc hfln nhan, difin san, trgm cuop, gian dam, bgi phdn, v.v Thoi Nguyen cfl, Hodng Viet ludt li t , ^ ^ ^ , Nguyfin Vdn Thanh R x ^B^ chu bifin, Vu Trinh ^ ^ Tran Hyu f^ ^ ban bifin soan, vua Gia Long vifit tya nam 1812, sach in nam Gia Long thii 12 (1813), gflm 22 quyen Ngi dung: Bfl luat Gia Long gflm cac phdn: Lugt muc (hinh ve vfi hinh cu, chfi trang phyc, gidi thich thudt ngii hinh ludt) (Q.l); Danh le (Q.2, Q.3); Lgi lugt (Q.4, Q.5); Hg ludl (Hg dich, rugng ddt nha cira, kho tang, tifin nong, chg biia) (Q.6 dfin Q.8); Li ludl (tfi ty, nghi che) (Q.9); Binh lugt (Vfi binh yong cung cam, qudn chinh, ben bai); Buu dich (Q.IO, Q.l 1); Hinh ludt (trgm cuflfp, nhdn mgng, danh nhau, chui nhau, kien tyng, gia dfii, dam 6, tap pham, bat bfl, xet hfli) (tir Q.12 dfin Q.20); Cdng ludl (xdy dyng, dfi difiu) (Q.21); Sdeh ddn (Q.22) Ngoai cfl the thflng kfi nhifiu mfin Ioai sach khac, nhu: ton giao, tin nguong, tue le, dia ba, v.v , hay bg suu tgp bi ky den hon 70.000 thac ban; nhung khufin khfi bai vifit, chiing tfii se trinh bay mflt dip khac Nhung bg sieh Han Nom co tinh bach khoa thir d^u tien 6- Viet Nam Theo quan niem cua chiing tfli, nhiing bg sach mang tinh tfing hgp, nhu: Thien Nam du hg tap : ^ i | j ^ D ^ £ ^ vua Lfi Thanh Tfing chi dgo bifin soan, Vdn dai logi ngu ^-kMi^, Kiin vdn TRINH KHAC MANH - TRAN TRQNG DU'ONG lieu lyc ^r:^'h^, Phu biin tgp luc ^ i ^ # i ^ , Qudn thu khdo bien # # ^ ^ dfiu cua Lfi Quy Dfln; va bg sach tfing hgp Ljch triiu kien chuang logi chi M ^ • E ^ ^ i i cua ciia Phan Huy Chii, cfl the eoi la nhumg bfl bach khoa thu ddu tifin o Viet Nam Xin nfiu nfii dung ciia mgt sfi sach: Thien Nam du hg tap, gfim 100 tap ngi dung ghi cac dieu lfi, che do, chfnh tri, kinh tfi, v.v phflng theo cac bg hgi difin, thong dien cua Trung Quflc Rdt tiec bg sach bi tdn khuyfit, tgi Vien Nghifin ciiu Han Nflm hien cfln luu giii bg sach nay, ngi dung ghi ve: Difiu lugt vd quan che; Binh thi van; Liet truyfin, tap thirc; Khao sii; Thi tap, dfii Hfin; Phii tap; Thi tien tdp; Chinh Chiem Thdnh sy vu, Chinh Tdy ki hanh; Difin le; 10 Thifin bdn dfl, Quan chfi Vdn ddi logi ngie, gflm quyen; nfli dung gflm chuong: Ly khf, Hinh tugng, Khu vu, Difin vung Van nghfi Am ty, Thu tich, ST quy, Pham Kien vdn tieu lyc, ngi dung ghi chep gfim: Chdm cdnh, Thfi lfi (thugng, ha), Thien chuong, Tai pham, Phong vyc (thugng, trung, hg), Thifin ddt, Linh tich, Phuang thudt, Tung dam, v.v - Lich trieu hien chuang logi cki, 49 quyfin, chia lam 10 logi: Du dia chi, Nhan vdt chi, Quan chiic chi, Le nghi chf, Khoa muc chf, Quoc dung chi Hinh ludt chf, Binh chfi chi Van tich chi va Bang giao chi Tir tu- lieu chit Han Nom den bifin so^n Bach khoa thu Hdn Ndm Back kkoa Iku Hdn Ndm dugc sap xfip vao Quyfin 19 cimg vfli Ngfin ngii Tir TU' Ll$U HAN NOM OEN BIEN SOAN hgc va dugc ggi vfli tieu dfi Bach khoa thu ckuyen ngdnk Ngdn ngu Hdn Nom Bdck kkoa thu Hdn Ndm se dugc bien scan theo mgt sfl ITnh vuc khoa hgc mang tinh ngy van Han Nflm, gflm cac ITnh vyc khoa hgc sau: Van tich hgc Van bdn hgc, Minh van hgc Van ty hgc va Van hifin hgc Hdn Nflm, v.v 4.1 Vdn lich hgc, gflm cdc ITnh vuc thu tich hgc, tdng thu hgc, Hch su thu tich, thu muc hgc, cflng van hgc vd van tich hgc dan tge thifiu sfl, d ddy chiing tfli trinh bay hai ITnh vyc khoa hgc co ban la thu tich hgc va thu muc hgc - Thu tich kgc cdc tu Hfiu Han Nom khong cfl nhung chuyfin khao rieng bifit, nhung cung cfl nhirng tu Hfiu Han Nflm ban vfi vdn de Truoc hfit la Vdn ddi logi ngu ciia Le Qui Don, tai Quyen la Tku lick, gom 107 dieu da ghi chep, trich thugt, ban giai dgc cac bg sach quan ciia Trung Quflc'' Tifip den la Dgi Viii thdng su X ^ i i ^ cua Le Quy Don, bai Tua muc Ngki vdn cki H-x *-, tac gia da vifit vfi cfi tich Viet Nam nhu sau: " ^ SI ^ ^ 4a # ^ D'J ^ -^ ^ ^ / N u o c ta la nuoc van hifin, trfin tir vua chiia, duoi dfin cac thdn dan, dfiu cfl truac thudt [Nay] hgi chung ca lai, chdng qua cfln dugc ban tram sach So voi cac tac gia Trung Hoa khong bang mgt phan mufli Sfl lugng sdeh da it nhu vdy, ma cac to chiic chiia sach nhu Thach Cir' va Thien Lgc^ cung rdt so sai, khong cfl cdc cue trflng coi sach vfl, khong co cac quan thu giii sach vfl Viec so sdnh cac bdn, vific chep, viec phai sdeh, chira sach khfing dugc qui djnh thdnh lfi Timg thfli, nguoi hgc cung chi suu tap nhiing sach hgc dfi di thi cho dfi Thay nhiing sach lg cua dfli truflc ma khong Hfin quan dfin khoa cu thi cung ldm ngo va khflng chep"' Sau Lick trieu kien ckuang logi chi cua Phan Huy Chli cfl muc Vdn lick chi, tac gia da binh luan ve cfl tich Viet Nam nhu sau: "-^^^ Ij ''f ^ i^ yti^-^fHudc Viet ta tifing khen lfi nghia da hon nghin nam, vfin cfl thu tich da tir ldu Idm Kfi tir Dinh, Le dyng nuoc, dfii dich vfli Trung Hoa, menh lenh tir chuong ddn ddn rfl rfit Den Ly, Tran ngi tri, van v^t mfl mang; vfi tham djnh thi cfl nhung sdeh dien chuang, dieu luat; ve ngu chfi thi cfl ede the chieu, sac, thi ca Trj binh dfli nfli, van nhd du dieu Huflng chi, nho sT doi ndo cung cfl, van chuang ndy no nhu rung; sach vo cdng nhifiu, nfiu khong trai qua binh lira md tro tdn, thi hdn trdu keo phai met, nha chdt phdi day ngang xa"* Sach vifit vfi Ijch sir thu tich Viet Nam bdng chii La tinh, dya trfin co so tu lieu Hdn Nom, dfl Id chuyen khao Lick su tku tick Viet Nam ciia Ldm Giang, Nxb KHXH, 2004 Ngi dung gflm: Chuang mot, ve ngufln gflc va sy dfli TAP CHI HAN NOM so (144) - 2017 cua thu tich (ngfln ngii, truyen thuyfit va nho vific); Ckuang kai, vfi lich sir thu tich Han Nfim cac gia dogn lich sir (thfli Bdc thugc, the ky X, thoi Ly, thfli Trdn, thfli Hfl, thoi Lfi so, thfli Le Trung hung, tho Tdy Son, thfli Nguyin, v.v ); Ckuang ba, vfi thu tich diing ty mdu La tinh (thfi ky XVII - cufii thfi ky XIX, thfi ky cufli XIX - ddu thfi ky XX, tir ] 945 trfl di) Ngoai cfln mflt so sdeh cfl vifit ve lich su thu tich Viet Nam, nhu: Ca sd vdn bdn kgc Hdn Ndm, Ngfl Dire Thg va Trinh Khdc Manh, Nxb KHXH, 2008 Vdn bdn kgc Hdn Ndm, Trinh Khac Manh, Nxb KHXH, 2014; v.v - Thu myc kgc fl Viet Nam khd phat trien so vfli Thu tich hgc Thu myc hgc ciing bdt ddu tir nhd bac hgc Lfi Quy Dfin, Dgi Viet tkdng su, muc Ngh$ vdn chl, tac gia da dua 1;^ thuyet phan loai cfi tich Han Nom: " ^ ' ^ ^ i t ^ / f * M:#^-ll-/i:.^/Nay theo su cia da chep vd nhiing sdeh rifing cua cdc nhd cfln truyfin lgi, ldy cdc ten sach, ke tir dfli (Lfi) Trung ngugc Ifin dfin trifiu Ly, chia ldm bon Ioai: mOt Id Hiin ckuang, hai Id Tki vdn, ba la Truyen ky, bfin la Pkuang kl Hay tam ghi ro sfl quyen va noi qua vfi tac gia y nghTa ngi dung dfi cho mgi ngufli de hifiu"^ Trfin ca so ly thuyet neu tren, Lfi Quy Dfin da thfing ke muc Iuc nhu sau: Hien chucmg cfl 16 bg sach, Thi vdn cfl 67 bg sdeh, Truydn ky cfl 19 bg sach, Phuang kyco 14 bg sach Tiep dfin la Phan Huy Chii, Lick triiu hien ckuang logi chi, muc Vdn tich TRINH KHAC MANH • TRAN TRQNG DUONG chi, tac gid da nfiu quan difim ciia minh vfi phdn loai co tich Han Nfim nhu sau: " : t - ^ ^ t f X-'^ E J ^ t t / Nhung sy hgc cua nhd Nho qui o sdu rgng, cdn phdi tim tfli a gidy md cfln lai, dirng dfl cho Id khflng cfl sach vo de lay lam bang Tfli ben rgng tim sii cu, tham khdo cac nhd, bifin du tfin sach, chia la bfin logi: mgt Id Hien chuang, hai la Kinh su, ba Id Thi vdn, bon Id Truyen ky"^ Phan Huy chli dd thflng kfi thu muc timg logi nhu sau: Hien chuang cfl 26 b0 Kinh sd cfl 27, Thi vdn cfl 106 bg, Truyin ky cfl 54 bfl Sau nay, nhifiu sach thu muc Han Nfim dugc bifin scan, nhu; Bac Ihu Nam dn bdn muc lyc i t # (^ ^P ^fS S ^ , Chinh Hda ckiiu tku muc luc SL^ajg ^ S i^, Cd hgc viin thu tich thii sdeh -^ " ^ l ^ ^ l l ^ ^ , Dgi Nam qude su qudn tdng tku muc ^^M^If ^ # , Dgi Nam tku myc :^ i^ "#• i], Nam tku mve lyc i^^ ^^, Ngi cdc tku muc 1*1 ^ # D, Qudc triiu thu muc g | # S , 5i/ qudn thu myc ^^'$ B Tdn tku vien thu sdeh ^lltfn.'^M, v.v Sdeh ve thu muc hgc Han Nom bdng chii La tinh: Truoc hfit la Premiere elude sur Les soures Annamites de L'hisloire d'Annam (BEFEO, Juliet - Septembre 1904 Hanoi, Imp F.H.) cua L Cadiere va P Pelliot dfl cdc tdc gia liet kfi chli thich danh muc 175 thu tich Hch su dugc xfip theo thii ty "bO chQ: Han", cimg bdng tra 75 tac gid Bibliograpkie Annamite (Hanoi Imp D'Extreme Orient, 1935, BEFEO T.34) cua E Gaspadone gifli thifiu chung vfi thu tich TUTU LIEU HAN NOM DEN BIEN SOAN cfi Han Nfim va phan rifing gifli thifiu cy the mo so truac tdc ciia Lfi Quy Don va Phan Huy Chii Dong Duang sd kgc yeu thu myc lyc (Tokyo, Shigaku Yoshu Mokuroku) cua Naka Mychio, Annam thu lyc (Trong "Bdc Kinh dfl thu quan", Bdc Kinh, 1932) cua Phimg Thita Qudn Tim hiiu kho sdeh Hdn Nom (tap 1, Nxb Thu vifin Quflc gia, 1970; tap 2, Nxb KHXH, 1990; sau nhieu ldn tai bdn) ciia Trdn Vdn Gidp, ddy Id cflng trinh thu tich chi Ifln ddu tien eua Viet Nam tifin hdnh difiu tra co ban doi voi kho sach Han Nom, kho tu lieu quan trgng bdc nhdt de nghifin ciiu tim hifiu qua khii ciia dan tfic Viet Nam; cac tac phdm Han Nfim dugc phan theo chuyfin nganh: lich sir, dia ly, k? thuat, ngfln ngu;, van hgc, ton giao, triet hgc, vd ngoai la phdn sdeh tong hgp Tiep dfin Id Di sdn Hdn Ndm Viet Nam - Thu myc di yiu Trdn NghTa va Franfois Gros chii bien, Nxb KHXH, 1993 Bg sach gioi thifiu cfi tich Hdn Nflm fl Vien Nghien ciiu Hdn Nflm Viet Nam va mgt sfi thu vien fl Phdp, gfim 4.519 cufln (bfl) sach Hdn Nflm; cufln Di sdn Hdn Nom Viet Nam - Thu mue de yeu (Bfi di, tap) Trdn NghTa chu bifin, gflm 2280 van ban (thdn sdc 411, thdn tich 568, tyc le 647, dia ba 526, co chi 21, xd chi 107) Sach T7tu myc sdeh Hdn Nom cdc ddn lgc thiiu sd Viet Nam Trinh Khdc Ntonh chli bifin, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi (2008 - 2010), ^ , da gioi thieu 4.350 don vi sach Han Nflm dan tgc thifiu sfl Thu myc sack Hdn Ndm d Tku Vi?n Qudc gia Ngfl Dire Thg chii bien (2000, ban thdo) Cac sach xfip theo vdn chii cai Latinh (A,B,C ) Ngodi ra, cfln rdt nhifiu sach khac nhu: Sa tkdo tku muc Hdn Nom Cdng gido cua Nguyfin Hung (2000), Mde bdn triiu Nguyin - Di myc ldng quan, Nxb Van hfla Thfing tin, 2004 (tai ban cfl sua chiia bfl sung, Nxb Chinh tri Quflc gia, 2009) Thu myc Nho gido Viet Nam Trinh Khdc Manh vd Chu Tuyfit Lan chu bifin, Nxb KHXH, 2008 Tim hieu tku tich y dugc co truyin Viet Nam Ldm Giang chu bien Nxb KHXH, 2009 Myc lye chdu bdn Piiu Nguyen, xudt bdn ndm 2010 Moc bdn chua Bd Dd - De muc tdng quan, Phgm Thi Hue chil bifin, Nxb Van hfla Dan tgc, 2015 Mge bdn chiia VTnh Nghiem - Di myc tdng quan, Phgm Thi Hue chii bien, Nxb Vdn hfla Ddn tfic, 2016 v.v 4.2 Vdn bdn hgc, gflm cdc ITnh vuc, nhu: van ban hgc (ly thuyfit, thudt ngii, umg dung, ) van ban hgc Han Nflm Viet Nam va bao gom cac tifiu chuyfin nganh hieu thii hgc, bifin nguy hgc, nifin dgi hgc, hieu diem hgc CJ day, chiing tfii gioi thifiu ve van ban hgc Han Nfim Viet Nam Can cu: vdo dogn van cua Le Quf Don vifit bai Tua muc Nghe vdn chi sach Dgi Viit thong sd ve tinh hinh van ban cfi tich Viet Nam, cac nhd nghifin cuu sau cho rang Le Qui Dfln da cfl edch nhin phfi phdn van ban: /Gidn hoac cfl ngufli chiu khfl chep thi ciing coi nhe vi?c thii hieu Hfi cfl nguoi nao thich chiia sach co, tlu ngufli dy lai giu lam cua rieng, cat ky khong dua cho mgi ngufli xem Cho nfin vific di tim sdeh TAP CHi HAN N M SO (144) - 2017 khfl lam May ra, tim thay quyfin sach nao thi viet Iam, viet sai, bfl sot, bo thifiu, dfin nfii khflng the lam doan dugc thfi nao Id diing Do Id dieu ma nguoi cfl kifin thiic mgt chiit phdi thfl ddi than tific"" Va nhiin xet vfi cufln Lam San thuc lyc |£ ll^ ^ ^ yong Dgi Viet thdng su, muc Nghe vdn cki loai Truyin ky i^ if, Lfi Qui Don vifit nhu sau: " | £ a i ^ ^ ^ 4 ^ l ^ ; i v ^ S TRINH KHAC NI^NH - TRAN TRQNG DU'ONG bdng"'^ Nhu vdy, Phan Huy Chii khdo xet van ban Han Nfim dd huflng ngufli dgc cdn luu y toi van ban hgc Thfi ki XX, fl Viet Nam nghien ciiu van ban hgc phdi kfi dfin Trdn Van Giap vfli bfl sdeh Tim hiiu kho sack Hdn Nom (2 t^p), da dya tren ca so Nghi van cki cua Le Qui Don va Vdn tich chi cua Phan Huy Chii, Trdn Vdn Gidp da bao quat mflt khfli lugng tu lieu Han Nflm rat lfln, md nhu y ciia Trdn Van Gidp Id Thu lick cki hay Kinh tick chi cua nuflfc ta Mfii bfl * f ' J e f c J t a ^ f e # ^ t ^ ! L / i f l m San sach Han Nflm dugc coi Id dfli tugng van thgc lye cfl quyfin Thai tfi trieu ta ngy ban dfi khao sat, gfim cac muc: mieu Id, chfi, ghi vific tur khfli nghla cho dfin noi dung, lieu truyin Ddc biet muc ngi bmh djnh xor^ giac Ngo Ban cu hay con, dung, flng chli trgng vfi phdn tich nfli nhur^ cdc nhd [cfing thdn] chfip cfl dung va phfi phan vdn ban, diia nhdn nhifiu chii sai Bdn in la xet ve van ban hien cfln la chfnh xac hay gid tao, v.v Cach Idm cua Tran Van nam VTnh Tri (1676 - 1680), cdc Nho thdn vang menh vua dinh chinh, chi can cii vao Giap doi voi co tich Han Nflm da tao tifin hifiu bifit ciia minh, ldy