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TRIET HOC, s o 10 (317), THANG 10 - 2017 CHU NGHIA XAHOlTRONGTifiNTRtNH P H A T T R I ^ NHAN LOAI Trdn Tudn Phong* ' Tifin si, Vi^n Trifit hgc, Vi§n Hin lim Khoa hpc xa h6i Vi§t Nam Email: ttuanphong@gmail.com Nhan 15 thing n9m2017 Chap nhan ding 30 thing nim 2017 Tom tdt: Lugn giai khoa hoc cua cac nha kinh diln cua chu nghta Mac ve ehii nghia xd hpi ehi rdng, voi tu each hinh thai kinh te - x3 hdi cao hon va nhan van hon ehfl nghta tu ban, chii nghta xa hpi la phong trao hipn thire hudng tdi myc tieu phat trien toan dipn ban chat ngudi Muc dich cao ea eua ehu nghta xa hpi chinh la ly ma Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va Dang Cdng san Vi6t Nam da lya chpn va kien dinh chu nghta x3 hpi vdi tu each md hinh phat trien cua Viet Nam Boi canh the gidi hien cho thay, chu nghta xa hpi hipn thyc, nhd tich cue tien hanh va day m^nh cdng cuoc cai each, ddi mdi mdt each toan dien, eang chiing td nhimg dau hieu phyc hdi va phat trien vdi nhiing md hinh mdi da dgng va day sang tgo Thue tien do, mpt lan nfla, khdng dinh tinh tat yeu va trien vpng to Idn ctia ehu nghta xa hpi tien trinh phat trien Heh sfl nhan lo^i Tfl khoa: Chu nghta xa hpi, mo hinh chii nghta xa hpi, phat trien xa hdi, phat trien eon ngudi Nhgn thfle vat lich sfl ehinh la mgt nhflng co sd quan trgng nhdt dd ede nha kinh dien cfla chii nghta Mac - Leiun chi tinh tat ydu eua sy ddi chu nghta xd hOi- Tir lap trudng nhdn thuc vdt Uch su, CMde da ehi tinh bien chimg, cac quy ludt vdn dgng, phat trien khach quan cfla lich sfl xd hgi Iodi ngudi vd di din kdt Iudn: "Tdi eoi su phdt tridn eiia cdc hinh thdi kinh te - xa hgi la mdt qua trinh Uch sfl - ty nhidn" [3, tr.21] Sy tidp thu, vgn dung mdt each sdng tao vd Unh hogt Iy Iuan chfl nghta xa hgi khoa hge cfla C.Mac va Ph.Angghai vao hoan ednh lich sfl eu the nude Nga cfla V.I.Lenin da ddn ddn thdnh cdng cfla Cach mgng thang Mudi Nga ndm 1917 Su ddi vd phdt tridn ehfl nghia xa h^i hidn thyc sau cdng cfla Cach mang thdng Mudi Nga chinh la su khdng dinh tinh chan thyc Iudn didm cfla eac nhd kinh dien eua chfl nghta Mde ve ehfl nghta xd hdi khoa hpe Chfl nghta xa hdi hidn thyc ddi va phdt triin vdi tu edeh mdt md hinh td ehiic xa hdi xa hdi chfl nghta theo nhiing nguyen tde cfla chl xd h0i chfl nghta Trude nam 1991, nd dugc biet den dudi dgng md hinh Xdvidt Lidn Xd khdi xudng Mge dfl hien chu nghta xa hgi hidn thyc dang gdp phdi nhung khd khdn nhdt dinh, ddc biet sau sy sup cfla md hinh chfl nghta xa hdi kiiu Xdvilt tgi Lien X6 va 13 CHU NGHIA XA H O I TRONG TIEN TRINH PHAT TRIEN NHAN LOAI cdc nude Ddng Au tnsng nhihig ndm 90 cfla till ky trude, nhung vdi nhflng thdnh ti;u Idn lao dat dugc, ehfl nghta xd hdi hien thye se tiip tyc khdng dinh tinh uu vidt cfla nd tiong dieu kipn mdi cfla till gidi day, quan dilm cfla ehu nghta Mdc - Ldnin eho rdng chfl nghia cdng sdn la mdt tidn trinh vgn dgng mang tinh hi^n thyc vd Udn tue, mpt Ian nfla, cdn phdi dugc thdm nhudn: "Ddi vdi chflng ta, ehfl nghta cgng sdn khdng phdi la mdt trgng thai can phai sang tgo ra, khdng phdi Id m^t 1^ tudng ma hien thye phdi khudn theo Chflng ta gpi ehu nghta e$ng sdn la mdt phong trao hien thye, no xda bd tiang thdi hipn Nhung dieu kidn cua phong trdo dy Id nhflng tien dd hidn dang ton tgi de ra" [1, tr.51] Vdi tu cdeh mdt phong trdo hiin thtfc, chu nghta xa h^i sd tiip tue ed nhihig ddng gdp to ldn doi vdi sy phat tridn cfla Uch sfl nhan logi theo hirdng nhdn vdn va tien bd Muc dich eao ca cfla chfl nghta xd h0i chinh Id ly ma Chfl tich Ho Chi Minh va Dang Cgng sdn Vipt Nam da lya chgn vd kidn dinh chfl nghta xa hdi vdi tu cdeh dudng phdt triin cfla Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh dd nhgn thay hpc thuyet khoa hge vd edeh mgng cfla ehfl nghta Mae Ldnin eon dudng ehdn ehinh dl gidi phdng ddn t$c, gidi phdng xd h^i va giai phdng Iodi ngudi Hon thd H i Chi Minh cdn nhgn thdy tinh nhdn vdn cao ca cfla chu nghta xd hdi, dd Id chl dO xd h^i ton trpng vd dd cao nhan phdm ngudi, tgo dieu kipn vd dem lgi CO hgi phdt trien cho tdt cd mgi ngudi Myc dich nhan vdn cao cd cfla chii nghia x3 h$i cung la dilu ma Chii tjch Hd Chi Mmh vd Dang C$ng sdn Vi^t Nam ludn hudng tdi v l tinh tdt ylu ciia chu nghia xd hpi Vdi CMdc, sy phdt trien cfla cae huih thai kinh td - xd hgi la mdt qud trinh lich sfl - tu nhidn vd dd cflng chinh Id qua trinh phat triin bdn chdt ngudi (ban chdt Iodi cfla ngudi) Ban chat ngudi, theo quan nidm cfla CMde, la nen tdng cho tinh thdng nhdt hun eo ciia todn bd sy phat trien Uch sfl Ioai ngudi, bdi "todn bp Uch sfl khdng Id gi khdc ma la mdt sy bidn ddi lien tyc eiia ban chdt ngudi"' \ Ong eho rdng, Uch sfl nhan logi ehinh Id tidn trinh hidn thye hda ban ehdt eon ngudi; ddng thdi, ciing chinh la Uch sfl hinh thdnh va phat triin tinh chu thi cfla eon ngudi Tiin trinh hien thyc hda ngudi ehu dgng thue hiin va dugc diln lien tyc cdc hinh thdi kinh te - xa hOi khdc Ndi each khde, cae hinh thdi kinh tl xa h^i khac cd thi dugc hilu Id nhung trang thdi khae toan bg tien trinh thdng nhat cfla phat trien ngudi, chflng Id nhiing trgng thdi, "thdi didm" ciia mgt sy phdt triin tudn theo quy lugt ty nhien ndi tgi diln tix>ng Uch sfl Iodi ngudi Lich sfl phdt trien eon ngudi duge hieu nhu Id mgt tiin trinh thdng nhdt va bien ehung cfla mpt chinh thd hthi ea Dilu cflng duge V.I.Lenin nlun nhdn tiong quan diem ve xd hdi vd phdt tridn xd hgi: "Xd hdi Id rapt co thd sing dang phdt triin khdng ngimg (ehfl '*' Biy li do^n dich ciia chiing tdi tham khio bin djch tiing Anh "all histoiy is nothing but a continuous transformation of human nature" ciin nguy6n vin bin dich ti^ng Vi^t li "Toin b§ lich siy chi li m$t sv bi^n ddi li£n t^c cua bin chdt nguin" (S^ khdn cimg dia triit hpc C M i c vi Ph.Angghen Todn tgp, t.4, tr.227) htQ}s://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/worics/lg47/ poverty-philosophy/chozchlmn TRAN TUAN PHONG khong phai Id m$t cai ^ duge kdt thdnh mdt each mdy mde vd do cho phep cd thi tfly y phoi hgp cae ylu td x3 hdi nhu thi ndo eung duge), mdt co thi md mudn nghidn curu nd thi edn phdi phdn ti'eh mgt each khdeh quan nhimg quan h$ sdn xudt edu thdnh mgt hinh thai xd hdi nhdt dinh vd edn phdi nghien curu nhung quy ludt van hanh vd phdt triin cua hinh thai xah^i do" [9, tr.i98] Cd the khdng dinh rdng, nlu phep bien chung da giup cac nha kinh diln eua ehfl nghta Mdc - Lenin phat biln ti'nh quy ludt quat, logic ngi tai chi phdi tidn trinh phdt triin cfla Uch sfl nhdn logi thi nhdn thac vgt vi lich su da giup ede dng nhgn thay vai trd chfl dOng cfla ngudi tiin trinh sdng tgo Uch sfl ciia chinh minh Lich sfl nhdn logi la Uch sfl cfla sy hidn thye hda bdn chat ngudi (sy phat Id hay "sdn xudt" "cdc lyc lugng bdn chat" tiem tang cfla ngudi) bdi chinh ngudi (chfl khdng phdi mgt Iue lugng thdn thdnh, Chfla Trdi, Tinh thdn tuypt ddi nao khdc), tuan theo quy lugt phd quat ma hg nhfn thfle dugc hay phdt hien hogt dOng thyc tien cfla minh CMac khdng dinh: "Vi ban ehdt ngudi Id cdng ddng eua eon ngudi, thdng qua vipe hipn thye hda ban ehdt cfla minh ngudi tao ra, sdn xudt cgng dong ngudi, thi^ the xa hgi, la edi md khdng phdi la m$t sflc manh triiu tugng p h i qudt ndo ddi lap vdi moi ca nhdn, ma nd Id ban chdt cdt loi eua moi ed nhan, la hogt dgng eiia chinh cd nhan dd, chinh cude song cfla cd nhdn dd, chinh tinh thdn ciia cd nhdn dd, ehinh tai sdn (sy gidu cd) ctia cd nhdn dd"*"\ Cgng ddng ngudi dd, thyc thi xd hdi dd vdi tu cdeh Id "sdn phdm" (produkt - tieng Dflc) duge sdn xudt (produzieren - tieng Due) tii bdn ehdt ngudi, bdi ngudi eiing ehinh Id tien trinh phdt tridn ngudi'"** Cac hinh thai kinh td - xd hOi khac nhau, vd mdt bdn thd l u ^ , Id nhung ndc thang ddnh ddu tien trinh triin khai ngdy eang ddy dfl hon cdc luc li^gng bdn ehdt dd cfla ngudi, thdng qua cdc phuang thue to chflc tuang ling khac tiin trinh bien chflng cfla sy phdt triin bdn ehdt ngudi Dong thdi, v l mat nhdn thuc luan, chung cung Id nhflng cdt mde quan tigng tien trinh ngudi nhgn thuc vd bdn thdn minh, mdt nhdn thfle ddc thfl thdng qua boat ddng thye tien, khdng ehi edi tgo the gidi theo cdc quy ludt p h i qudt, ndi tai md cdn biln ddi khdng ngiing chinh ban than ngudi Thdng qua ly lugn vl lunh thdi kinh td xa hgi vdi tu each mdt hgc thuyet khoa hpc, cdeh mgng ve sy phdt tridn eiia Uch sfl nhdn logi, cdc nhd kinh dien eiia chfl nghta Mac Ldnin dd chi tinh tat yiu eua chd nghTa xd hdi vdi tinh each giai doan dau cfla Unh *'' B ^ dich niy li ctia chiing t6i, nguySn vin bin tiing Vi§t li: "VI bin chdt ngudi li mdi lien he xd hdi dich thifc gitta ngudi v6i ngudi nen qui ninh tfch cyc thirc hi^n ban chdt ciiu mhih, ngudi tgo ra, sin sinh mdi lien hi xd hgi cila ngudi, sin sinh bin chit x i hoi m i bin chdt xi hOi niy khdng phii li m§t lire lupng trim tupng bien nio dd doi lap vdi timg c i nhin, m i li bin chit ciia timg c i nhin riSng le, li hogt dpng, Ii ddi sing, li su hudng Igc, li s^f giiu co cua bin thin ci nhan dy" Xem: C.Mic v i Ph.Angghea Sdd., t.42, tr.39 '"*' B^n^ lii produzieren ti^ng Diic (cung nhir produce frong tilng Anh) cd ngu6n g6c Ms dpng tir producere tiing Latinh cd nghTa li phit Id ngoii, triin khai ra, md rpng ra, thiic day dd tiep diu t l pro - chi chuyin dpng tiin ve phfa ttude, b6n ngoii cdn + ducere him f triin khai, phit 1$, md rpng, thiic d^y Xem nghTa tir produce tgi: http://www etymonIine.com/ index.php? allowed_ in_frame =0& search=produce&searchmode=none CHU NGHIA XA H O I TRONG TIEN TRINH P H A T TRIEN N H A N L O ^ I thai kinh tl - xa hdi cgng sdn ehfl nghta, ^d ' ^ e o quy lugt tien hda cita lieh sfl, Ioai ngudi nhat dinh se tien tdi chfl nghta xa hdi" So vdi cdc hinh thai kinh td - xd hdi trude do, dgc bidt Id hinh thdi kinh td - xa hdi tu bdn chii nghta, sy tien bO vd uu vidt cfla chfl nghta xa hOi the hidn d myc dich tdi cao cfla nd Id vi su phdt trien todn didn vd ty cfla eon ngudi Con ngudi phdi la mye dich ty than cfla ehfl nghta xa hpi chu khdng cdn la cdng eu cfla su nd dich vd bde lot vi Igi nhugn, vi tu bdn nhu ti^ng xa hdi ta bdn niia Chfl nghta xd h$i phdi Id sugidi phdng triit di eon ngudi, sy gidi phdng todn dien tilm ndng, "lyc lupng bdn ehdt" cfla ngudi Dieu da dugc khdng dinh Tuyin ngdn cua Bdng Cgng sdn: "Thay cho xa hgi tu sdn eu, vdi nhihig giai cap va ddi khdng giai cap cfla nd, se xudt hien mgt lien hgp, dd sy phdt trien ty cua moi ngudi Id dilu kien cho su phdt tridn ty cua tdt ca mgi ngudi" [2, tr.628] Nhu vdy, chfl nghta x3 h0i, vdi tu edeh mdt xa hpi tiin bd vd uu vipt hon chfl nghta tu bdn, phdi Id mdt xa hgi hudng tdi muc dich nhdn van cao ca nhdt, phdi Id m^t xd hgi tao didu kidn vd co hgi eho mpi ngudi dugc phdt trien todn di§n, Mde du hinh thdi kinh te - xd hdi tu bdn chu nghta, so vdi ede hinh thai kinh tl - xa hgi trude dd, dd dem Igi nhflng tiin bd to Idn sy gidi phdng eon ngudi - dua ngudi tfl ^ vi thdn ddn trd thdnh cdng ddn; song, khdng phdi tdt ed mgi thdnh vidn, mgi edng ddn sdng tiong chl dg tu bdn diu cd thi dugc tiip e|in tdi nhihig thdnh tyu to ldn md ehfl nghta tu bdn dgt dugc Bdi vi, tiong xd hgi tu ban chu nghta vdi myc dieh vi Igi nhugn va dl cao quyin tu hiiu, thi quyin 16 dugc phat trien, quyin lam ehu chi gdn lien vdi nhiing ngudi cd tai sdn ridng (tu san) Chinh quyin sd hflu da dnh hudng den quyin ty vd ty ehfl ciia nhiing ngudi khdng cd tdi sdn ridng (vd san) va hg "bupc phdi tiao quydn ty vd thdi gian cho mgt ngudi khac dh bao dam sy sinh tdn cfla muih" [8, tr.l21] Theo dd, nhflng ngudi khdng cd tai sdn, khdng ed dieu kidn hpc hdnh vd giao due hdu nhu bi ggt ngoai sy phdt triin cfla xd hgi tu bdn ehfl nghta Trong thi gidi cfla chu nghta tu bdn, quyen dugc phdt triin, quydn ldm chfl cfla da s6 ngudi dan khdng dugc dam bdo Bdi le, nhu T.Meyer va N.Breyer da ehi ro: "Mdt Id, mgt eon ngudi khdng cd dfl thu nhdp tren thj hudng thi sy tdn tgi cfla hg se b; de doa, xet tien phuong dien pham gid eon ngudi, vd mdt so trudng hgp hgn hiiu, edn de dga ed cugc sdng the chat cfla hp Dieu dd vi phgm ede quydn ca ban vd didu kidn tu chfl cua ca nhdn Hai Id, nhung ngudi khdng cd phucmg tien rieng (tdi sdn rieng), buOc phai ky hgp ddng lao d^ng, md ban thdn nd Igi vi pham nhiing tieu chudn vl quyin ty quydt va nhdn phdm ciia hg, thi thye ehdt nhiing quyin co ban cfla hg cflng bj xdm phgm Hg mdt quyin ty chfl xa hdi Ba Id, nhOng ngudi hi thua thipt bdi tinh trang bdt binh ddng tiong vipe phdn phdi cfla edi vd thue hien co hpi tham gia ehinh tri cfla hg, nhflng ngudi thue chdt efing bi hgn chl ddng kd cdc quyen cdng dan cfla hg Quyen ty chfl chinh tri cfla hg khdng dugc ddm bao" [8, ti.l20121] Trong dilu kidn nhu vgy, nhung ngudi vd sdn bi hg thdp, trd tiidnh cdng ey, phuang tipn dl tgo lgi nhudn eho nhihig dng chfl cd tdi san Gid tii cfla ngudi TRAN TUAN PHONG dugc xac dinh thdng qua mdt thi trudng "ty do" vd nhan tfnh, dugc ddnh gia thdng qua gia tri thdng du ma sflc lao dgng cfla cd the duge dng chfl su dung (bdc lOt) Nhflng ngudi edng nhdn phdi ban sflc lao ddng cho gidi tu ban Id nhiing ngudi true tiep sdn xuat cfla edi vat chdt cfla xd hgi, song chinh hg lgi la nhihig ngudi bdn cflng nhat Sy tha hda chfl nghta tu ban thd hien khdng ehi m i i quan he giita ngudi vdi eon ngucri ma ed mdi quan he giiia ngudi vdi ty nhien Hi|n thyc vd nhung khuydt tdt dd cfla ehfl nghta tu bdn cho thdy ldi kdu ggi dem lai ty do, bmh ddng va bdc di cho nhdn logi ma cdc cude each mgng tu sdn dd vdn chi Id nhung khau hidu mang tinh hinh thfle vd nfla vdi Hd Chi Mmh da chi ro: "Cach mdnh Phap ciing nhu each menh M}', nghta la each mdnh tu bdn, each m^nh khdng den noi, tieng la c^ng hda va dan chfl, ky thyc tiong thi nd tude luc cdng ndng, ngodi thi nd dp hue thugc dia Cdeh mpnh dd ldn rdi, ma cdng ndng Phdp hdng cdn phai muu cdeh mdnh ldn nfla mdi hdng thodt khdi vdng dp bflc" [4, tr.274] Sy uu vidt cfla chd d$ xa hgi chfl nghta vdi tu cdeh mgt chd dp xd hdi hodn thipn ban, m0t nac thang phat trien eao hon so vdi chl dg tu ban chfl nghta phdi thd hien d cho nd khdc phue dugc cdc nhugc diem cua chu nghta tu bdn dd ddm bdo cho mgi ngudi ddn ddu cd ca hOi phat trien, binh ddng vi$c tham gia ddng gdp vdo sy phat triin ciia x3 hgi Tinh ben viing cua sy phdt t r i ^ ciia xd hgi nhu vgy phai dugc the hidn qua cac chinh sach phdt tridn xd hgi d dd nhan dugc sy ddng t h u ^ va img hg rgng rdi ciia nhdn ddn, phat huy duge tdi da sy tham gia ti'eh eye ciia ngudi dan Che dg xd hdl xa hgi ehfl nghta phai Id ehl dugc td chflc vd quan tri mgt each thyc sy ddn chfl nhdm ddm bdo quyen Iam chfl eua mpi ngudi dan, nd phdi la mgt che ldy cdc quydn Igi ca bdn cfla ngudi ddn lam muc tidu va diem xudt phdt ciia cdc chinh sdeh phdt tridn Ngudi ddn phdi thyc sy Iam ehfl va edng bdng xd hdi dugc ddm bdo Hd thong phdp lugt minh bgch Id dieu kidn can thidt dd dam bdo sy cdng bang ve quyen led, cdng bdng v l ea hdi phat triin, cdng bdng phdn phdi va sfl dung cdc cdng ich xa hgi de mgi ngudi dan thyc sy cd ca hdi tham gia vd thy hudng thdnh qua cfla phdt trien, dugc tgo co hdi phat huy tilm nang sdng tao cfla minh Myc tidu xSy dung chu nghta xa hpi tai Vi^t Nam Sy lya chgn chfl nghta xd h^i cfla Hd Chi Minh gan lien vdi muc dich edeh mgng cfla Ngudi Muu cdu hanh phflc cho nhan ddn, cho xa hgi vd cho ddn tdc la myc tidu eao nhdt tiong cu^c ddi each mang cfla Hd Chi Minh: "Ca ddi tdi chi ed mOt myc dich Id phan ddu eho quyen lgi Td qudc, va hgnh phflc cfla qudc ddn ( ) Bdt ky bao gid, bdt ky d dau, tdi cung ehi theo dudi mdt mye dich, ldm cho ich qudc Igi dan" [5, ti.240], vd "tdi ehi ed mpt sy ham muln, ham muln tdt bac Id ldm eho nude ta dugc hodn todn dOc lap, dan ta dugc hoan todn dugc ty do, ddng hdo cimg cd com dn mdc, eiing dugc hge hdnh" [5, tr.240] Rd rdng, ddt nude bi mdt chu quyin, ca dan tgc sing ach no le, thi ngudi dan Idm gi cd ty ma phat trien Xudt phdt tir idng ydu nude, thuong ndi, tiin trinh di thn dudng ctiu nude, gidnh lgi dOc Igp cho dan 17 CHU NGHIA XA H O I TRONG TifiN TRINH PHAT TRIEN NHAN LOAI tgc, gidi phdng dong bdo thodt khdi deh nd 1§ cfla thyc dan vd phong kien, Hd Chi Mmh da nhdn tiiay chu nghia c§ng san la eon dudng phfl hgp va dflng ddn de dgt dugc myc dich dd: "Lue ddu, chinh la chfl nghta ydu nude, ehu chua phdi chfl nghta cOng sdn dd dua tdi tin theo Ldnin, tin theo Quie tl thu ba Tflng bude mOt, eudc ddu tranh, vfla nghien ciiu ly lu$n Mdc Lenin, vira Idm cdng tac thyc te, dan ddn tdi hilu dugc rdng chi cd chu nghta xd hgi, ehfl nghta edng san mdi giai phdng duge cac ddn tdc bi dp biic va nhflng ngudi lao ddng trdn till gidi khdi dch nd id" [6,tr.I27] Muc dich ciia chfl nghta xa hpi dugc Hd Chi Minh neu mOt each r5 rang va de hidu "Chu nghta xd hpi Id Iam cho mpi ngudi dan sung sudng dm no" [6, ti.31], "myc dfeh cua chu ngbta xa h$i Id khdng ngimg ndng eao miic song ciia nhdn dan" [6, ti.l59] "Ndi mgt edch tdm tdt, mge mac, chfl nghta xa hgi trude hit nhdm ldm cho nhdn ddn lao ddng thodt nan bdn cflng, lam cho mgi ngudi cd cdng dn \iec lam, dugc dm no va song mdt ddi hgnh phue" [6, tr.l7] Vi vdy, sau cdeh mgng thdng Tdm thdnh edng, Hd Chi Minh da dl nhflng cdng vipe edn phdi tiiyc hipn dh tgo dilu ki^n cho "tdt cd mgi i ^ d i diu dugc phdt triin hit kha nang eflaminh"[5,ti.272] Trong giai doan phat trien hi^n cfla cdeh mang Vipt Nam, eiing vdi chfl nghta Mdc - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la nin tdng tu tudng, kim chi nam cho hanh ddng cfla Dang vd ddn tgc ta Ddng Cgng sdn Vi§t Nam da kl thira va phdt triin sdng tgo nhflng quan dilm cfla Hd Chi Minh ve ehfl nghta xa hdi Mye dich bao tiiim cfla su nghipp xdy dyng ehfl nghta xd hOi d nude ta 18 Id "dan gidu, nude mgnh, ddn chfl, cdng bdng, vdn mmh" Nhan dan khdng nhung la ehfl till tirye tiip va thd hidn sy sdng tao, ty chfl tiong viec thye thi mye tieu ndy, md edn la chfl the cfla quyin lyc Hg cflng ddng thdi la chfl the hudng thy nhiing qua cfla sy phdt tridn Sy doan kit, tinh sdng tao vd chfl ddng cua nhan dan se tgo ndn sflc mgnh tdng hgp dl thye hidn cac muc tidu phdt tridn cfla ddt nude Dang ta ciing khang dinh rdng, ddi vdi each mang Viet Nam, spi chi dd xuyen sudt Id dgc lap dan tgc gdn lien vdi ehfl nghta xa hgi "Tinh uu vi^t cfla chfl nghta xa hdi md nhdn ddn ta dang xdy dyng phai hudng tdi viee hien thyc hda ddy dfl, ding bO he mye tidu: Dan giau, nude mgnh, dan chu, cdng bdng, van minh Tu tudng xuydn suit eua cdeh mang Viet Nam Id dde Idp ddn tgc gdn liin vdi chfl nghta xa hpi Ddi vdi dan tgc Vipt Nam, chi cd ehfl nghta x3 hpi mdi bao ddm cho dan gidu, nude mgnh, ddn chfl, cdng bdng, van minh that sy Ddy Id khdt vgng tha thilt cfla todn thi nhan dan Vipt Nam sau dat nude gidnh dugc dgc I|p va thong nhat Td qudc" [7] Trien vgng cua chu nghta xa hoi tien trinh phdt triin nhdn logi Su sup dd cfla Lien Xd va cac nude xa hgi chu nghta Ddng Au ttx)ng nhung nam 90 cfla till k^ XX chi la sy thdt bgi cfla mdt md hinh ehu nghta xa h^i hidn thyc cu the, md hinh ehfl nghta xa hOi kiiu Xdvilt, chfl khdng phdi la sy syp d l eiia chfl nghta xa hOi vdi tu each mgt hinh thai kinh te - xd hOi ma Iodi ngudi dang vuon tdi Ngay ed md hinh ehfl nghta xd hgi kieu Xdvilt cd nhung hgn chl nhdt dinh nhung eung da dat dugc nhiing tyu vt dai phat triin kinh td, vdn hda, xd hgi va gidi phdng TRAN TUAN PHONG ngudi Trong lich sfl t i n tgi cfla minh, md hinh ndy da gdp phan dua Lien Xd vd cdc nude xa hpi chfl nghta d Ddng Au vdo vi thd ciia cdc nude cdng nghipp phat tridn hang ddu trdn the gidi Nd edn ed anh hudng sau sdc tirong ddi sing chinh tri thi gidi, ddng vai trd quyet dinh ddi vdi sy sup dd cfla h$ thdng thude dia cfla chfl nghta dl quic, md k:^' nguyen mdi - ky nguydn dgc ^ ddn tOc vd thdi dai qua Idn ehfl nghta xd hdi trdn phgm vi todn thi gidi Cd thi thdy rdng, nhflng thdnh qud vt dgi cfla md hinh ndy Id ngudn ed vG, dgng vidn to ldn doi vdi cdc ddn tde bj dp buc Sy iing hd va giflp dd cfla Lien Xd vd cdc nude xa hdi chfl nghta da tgo dilu kien thugn lgi, cd vfl cho phong tiao gidi phdng ddn tde vd phong trdo ddu tranh vi hda bmh, dan chfl, ddn smh va phat trien, bugc ehfl nghta tu bdn phai dieu chinh nham xoa diu mdu thuan xd hOi Sy tan rd cfla chfl nghta xd hdi hi^n thyc d Lien Xd vd cdc nude Ddng Au ddi hdi ede nude xd hOi chu nghta cdn lgi phai tich cue cdi edch, doi mdi Tren co sd van dung sdng tao, phdt trien chfl nghta Mde - Lenin vao dilu kipn cy thi cfla tung nude, cdc qudc gia cdn tim cho mhih eon dudng di len chu nghta xd hdi phfl hgp didu kien Uch sfl mdi Thye tiin da chflng minh rdng chi ed tiin hdnh vd day manh cdng cugc cdi each, doi mdi m$t cdeh todn dien, thi chl dg xd hdi chfl nghta mdi ed thi dugc gift vflng va tidp tyc phdt triin Thye tiin cdng CU0C ddi mdi cfla Vipt Nam vd cdi cdeh cfla Trung Quoc cung nhu nhflng md hinh chd nghta xd h$i hipn thyc thi ky XXI dang dugc phat triin tgi m$t so quoc gia khac trdn the gidi ti-ong thdi gian vira qua, m$t lan nita, khdng dinh ti'nh tdt yeu va trien vgng to Idn cfla chu nghta xa hdi tiong tien trinh phat triin Uch sfl nhdn Ioai Bdi ednh thi gidi hien eho thdy, chfl nghia tu bdn chua thi thoat khdi vdng Iudn qudn cfla nhihig chu k>' khung hodng, cdn ehfl nghta xa hgi hidn thye dang chiing td nhiing dau hieu phue hoi va phat tridn vdi nhihig md hinh mdi da dgng vd ddy sang tao Thye tiin do, mdt ldn nura, khdng dinh vai trd ciia chfl nghia xa hgi ddi vdi sy phat trien lich su nhdn logi Chu nghta xd hgi Id ddi mdi vd sdng tao khdng ngimg, nd thyc sy Id phong trao hidn thyc hudng tdi myc tieu nhan vdn, hudng tdi sy phdt trien ngdy edng ddy dfl hon, todn didn hon bdn ehdt eon ngudi Tdi lipu tham kfaao [1] C M i c v i Ph.Angghen (1995), Todn tgp, t.3, Nxb Chfnh tti Quic gia H i Npi [2] CMdc v i Ph.Angghen (1995), Todn tgp t.4, Nxb Chfnh tti Qu6c gia H i NOi [3] C M i c v i Ph.Angghen (1995), Todn tgp, t.23, Nxb Chfnh ttj Qu6c gia, H i NOi [4] Ho Chf Minh (2000), Todn tgp, t.2, Nxb Chfnh tti Quic gia H i NOi [5] H Chf Minh (2000), Todn tgp, t.4, Nxb Chfnh tri Quic gia H i NOi [6] H Chf Minh (2000), Todn tdp, 1.10, Nxb Chinh trj Quic gia H i NOi [71 Le Hfhi NghTa, Nhiing ddc trung thi hiin tinh uu viit cua chu nghla xa h^i md nhdn ddn ta dang xdy dung, http://www.dangcongsan.vn/ cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30 257&cnjd=413288 [8] Thomas Meyer v i Niole Breyer (2007), Tuang lai cua nin ddn chu xa hpi, Nxb L^ lu$n chfnh tri H i NOi [9] V.LUnin (1995), Todn tgp t.l, Nxb Chlnh tti Quic gia, H i NOi ...CHU NGHIA XA H O I TRONG TIEN TRINH PHAT TRIEN NHAN LOAI cdc nude Ddng Au tnsng nhihig ndm 90 cfla till ky trude, nhung... etymonIine.com/ index.php? allowed_ in_frame =0& search=produce&searchmode=none CHU NGHIA XA H O I TRONG TIEN TRINH P H A T TRIEN N H A N L O ^ I thai kinh tl - xa hdi cgng sdn ehfl nghta, ^d ' ^... dieu kidn hpc hdnh vd giao due hdu nhu bi ggt ngoai sy phdt triin cfla xd hgi tu bdn ehfl nghta Trong thi gidi cfla chu nghta tu bdn, quyen dugc phdt triin, quydn ldm chfl cfla da s6 ngudi dan
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