CAC YEU TO ANH Hl/dNG DEN GIAM NGHEO BEN VUTVG d TINH KHANH HOA Nguyen Dinh Hoa Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet Tdm tdt: Ngheo khong chi theo cdch tiep can tien te md Id phi tiin ti, vdn di ddt Id xdc dinh cdc nhdn td dnh hudng nhdm cd cdc chinh sdch can thiep Bdi nghien cihi nhdm muc tiiu xdc dinh vd phdn tich cde nhdn to tdc dgng den khd ndng gidm ngheo cua ho gia dinh a tinh Khdnh Hoa Tic cdch tiep can sinh ke ben vung, ket qud nghien ciru cho thdy, doi vai tinh Khdnh Hoa, von ngu&i Id nhdn to quan nhdt lam tdng khd ndng gidm ngheo, do cdc chinh sdch cdn tdp trung vdo viec ndng cao von nguai Tir khda: Sinh ke ben vCmg; gidm ngheo ben vung; ngheo da chieu; tinh Khdnh Hoa Dat van de Giam ngheo la mdi quan tam ciia cac qudc gia tren the gidi va Viet Nam khdng phai la ngoai le Tren the gidi khdng cd mdt thudc chung bdi moi qudc gia cd dieu kien va dac trung rieng hoac muc tieu phat trien ludn thay ddi theo thdi gian Cbo den nay, cd nhieu quan diem, each tiep can va phircmg phap ludng ngheo ddi Cling vdi su phat trien kinh te - xa bdi, ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan tinh Khanh Hda da co sy cai thien dang ke, ty le hp ngheo cd xu budng giam xudng Tuy nhien, sd bd ngheo tren dia ban tinb Khanh Hda van cdn tuong ddi cao va toe dp giam ngheo tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hda cd xu hudng cham lai, viec giam ngheo khong cd su dong deu giiia cac viing tren dia ban tinb Nhieu hd gia dinh d tinh Khanh Hda dii thoat ngheo nhung van d tinh trang mong manh, thieu ben viing va cd the tai ngheo neu gap cac tac ddng bat lgi tir ben ngoai Nhiem vu giam ngheo cang khd khan hem, tdn kem nhieu ban ben canh nhiing thach thiic truyen thdng xuat hien nhiing thach thirc mdi, dd cac ngudn luc giam ngheo cang giam Chinh vi vay, viec phan tich va danh gia cac nhan td anh hudng tdi giam ngheo y nghia quan trpng nham lam can cii cho viec ap dung cac chinh sach giam ngheo mdt each bieu qua Cff sd ly thuyet va phugng phap nghien ciiu 1.1 Cff s&ly thuyit Trong thap nien 1970, ngheo dugc quan niem la su "thieu but" so vdi mpt muc sdng nhat dinh va su thieu hut thudng xem xet ve vat chit nham dap img nhu cau ca ban ctia ngudi Ngay nay, ngheo ddi khdng chi don thuin la thieu thon ve cac dieu kien vat chat ma dupe xem xet d pham vi rdng ban vdi cac thieu thdn tren nhieu phuang dien, ndi each khac la ngheo da chieu Chuang trinh phat trien lien hgp qudc (UNDP), Bao cao phat trien ngudi toan cau nam 2010 (U"NDP, P H A T T R I E N B E N VU'NG V U N G Q U Y E N 9, so (6/2019) 121 NGHIEN CU'U THLfC NGHlEM - KINH NGHlEM 2010) va trudc la Bao cao phat trien ngudi nam 1997 (UNDP, 1997), xem xet ngheo tu khia canh ve phat trien ngudi, tire la ngheo da chieu bao gdm ngheo ve tien te va ngheo phi tien te (tiep can cac dich vu xa hpi CO ban nhu y te, giao due) Nghien cim cua Ngan bang Thi gidi - WB (2012) xem xet ngheo la su thieu thdn tdi miic khdng the chap nhan dugc ddi sdng; cudc sdng dugc the hien d phiic lgi cua ngudi vdi chi phi cho cac nhu cau ca ban (tieu dimg thyc pham; cac mat hang phi luang thyc vdi cac ditng thiet yen; giao due; y te, dich vu cdng cdng nhu dien, nudc, ve sinh va thu gom rac) Nhu vay, ngheo ddi thudng dupe quan niem la sy thilu hyt ve vat chat, phi vat chat so vdi mdt miic sdng nhat djnh Sinh ke ben viing de cap den kha nang phuc hdi ddng thdi tri dugc va lam tang nang lyc ciing nhu tai chinh cua ca nhan, hp gia dinh sd hiiu sinh ke va khdng lam anh hudng den ca hdi tiep can, sd hiru den cac ngudn luc ciia cac ca nhan, hd gia dinh khac Cac ngudn vdn sinh ke ben vung bao gdm: vdn tu nhien, vdn vat chat, vdn eon ngudi, v6n tai chinh va vdn xa hdi (DFID, 2001) Ca nhan, hp sd hiin cang nhieu cac ngudn von (ca ve sd lugng va chat lugng) se cd kha nang tao mdt sinh ke vdi ket qua sinh ke tdt hon Cac ngudn vdn sinh ke xuat phat tir chinh kha nang ben cua ca nhan, hp gia dinh nhung ciing chju anb hudng Idn tir mdi trudng ben ngoai (vi dy cac the che, chinh sach, cac luat le qui dinh each thiic van hanh) Su ket hgp cac yeu td tren tao mpt chien luge sinh ke quyet dinb ket qua dau ciia sinh ke Nhu vay, each tiep can sinh ke ben vung khdng chi dan gian de cap den viec sd hiiu tai san, ngudn lyc ma cdn de cap den each thiic tri, nang lyc san sinh cac tai san mdt each ben viing, tang kha nang ung phd va giam thieu rui ro cua ngudi mpi hoan eanh Hinh 1: KHUNG SINH KE BEN VUNG THEO CACH TIEP CAN CUA DFID TAI SAN KINH TE K £ T QUA SINHlrf: cau va tien tiinh thvc hien I'm I'o ^ Cff cau: -i-Cac cii s6c +Cac khuyiih hiitmg +Tiiiii tlioi AnhhiTong vii kha naiig tiep can P F Qua tiinh Cac cap tien hanh: chinli quyen - Liiat le Dem VI - Chinh sach - Van hoa - The che to chiic z 0.654 0.017 0.192 (95% Conf Interval] -1.67063 1.049487 0.4864545 4.888453 -1.725037 8.585574 -0.73367 -15.7357 -1.26428 0.649515 -1.4967 1.813465 -0.69609 1.469154 13.51865 0.0000 1.281235 1516.234 0.512074 0.352615 0.479057 0.657333 0.481615 0.53655 1516.236 -0.57 -0.01 -2.47 1.84 -3.12 2.76 -1.45 2.74 0.01 0.567 0.992 0.014 0.065 0.002 0.006 0.148 0.006 0.993 -3.244842 -2987.5 -2.267929 -0.0415978 -2.435632 0.5251168 -1.640042 0.4175351 -2958.249 Giao due chii h6 Gioi tinh chii ho Viec lam cua chii ho Khu vuc TTNT Dan toe PCI PC2 PC3 PC4 PCS PC6 _cons Sig.( Prob > ehi2) = R2 0.5685 1.777509 2956.029 -0.26064 1.340628 -0.55777 3.101814 0.247855 2.520772 2985.286 Ngudn: Tinh todn eua nhdm tdc gid tic VHLSS 2014 la nam gidi thi kba nang giam ngheo lai thap Cac nhan td ve ngudn lyc tai chinh (thu ban so vdi nii gidi nhap binh quan) va ngudn vdn ty nhien (tong dien tich dat ndng nghiep) PC6 ciing tac ddng manh den kha nang giam ngheo ctia cac hd Cudi ciing la anh hudng tir tdng sd nhiing ngudi bj thuong, cbi tieu dien - nudc - rac thai (trong phan chinh thir 2, thir I) den tinh trang ngheo ciia hd Ket qua cho thay PCS (ve dieu kien sdng: loai nha d va ngudn nudc) khdng cd anh budng den kha nang giam ngheo xet tren khia canh tbu nhap Thanh phan chi tham gia xet tieu chi hd ngheo tren khia canh dieu kien sdng va thieu hut ve tiep can dich vu xa hpi Cd su khac biet ro ret ve gidi viec giam ngheo ciia cac hd Vdi nhiing hd chii hd 128 Nhin chung, cac chi sd lya chpn ve loai vdn theo khung phan tich sinh ke ben vimg phan ldn deu cd y nghTa viec xac dinh hp ngheo va tac ddng den kha nang giam ngheo cita tinh Yiu td quan nhdt dnh hu&ng din khd ndng gidm ngheo lien qua den trinh gido due, quy mo vd chdt luang luc luong lao ddng cua cde ho Tiep theo sau cac yeu to mdi la tiep can cac ngudn vdn vat chat, vdn tai nguyen Ket luan Yeu td then chdt de giam ngheo vSn la trinh dp giao due ciia cac vien hp PHAT TRltN BEN VCfNG VONG Q U Y £ N 9, SO (6/2019) Nguyin Dinh Hoa - Nguyin Thi Anh Tuylt (d day la giao dye trung hpc phd thdng) Do vay, giam ngheo can uu tien tren khia canh nang cao thu nhap De eiao due cd hieu qua , '^ •i' ° ' • T can tao cdng an viec lam, tao tbu nhap • ' • -p & J ^ qua trinh lam viec tir dd mdi thu hiit • ^ ^ duac lao nghiep done ngheo vao nghe cu the tham va cd gia tinh hoc thyctap, tien Cac cao ; , • ^ ^ ^ • , -^ thiet ke ve chucmg trinh dao tao can can cii Cac yeu to anh huwng pbii hgp vdi dac thit phat trien kinli te ciia tinh mdi cd the tao tinh ben viing sau dao tao . ^ ; - ^-~ , , i , J - , ~- ^-A Mot so cac tieu chi ve bao hiem xa hoi, tiep k , ; , , , ; ' * can nguon nuoc, chat luong nha o can auoc -wi, *. u - i > ^ - ^" xem xet ca theo dich vu bantieu cuachuan xa hdi.chung cua ca nuac de * , „ , ^.^ , ; - , ,.; dam bao dieu kien song cung nbu tiep can cac Tai lieu tham khao Baulch, B., va Vii Hoang Dat (2012) Phdn tich khia cgnh ddn tgc cua tinh trgng ngheo tgi VietNam Bao cao ca sd cho Danh gia Ngheo nam 2012, thang Chu Thi Kim Loan va Nguyen Van Hudng (2015) Anh hudng ciia nguon luc den thu nhap cua nong hp tinh Thanh Hoa: Nghien cim dien hinh d huyen Thp Xuan va Ha Trang Tap chi Khoa hgc vd Phdt trien,tap 13, s6 6, tr.1051-1060 Dao Cong Thien (2006) Phdn tich nhdng nhdn to dnh hudng toi tinh hinh ngheo ddi cua cdc hg ngu ddn ven ddm Nha Phu (huyen Ninh Hda, tinh Khdnh Hoa), de tai nghien cuu khoa hpc, Sd Nong Nghiep va phat trien nong thon tinh Khanh Hoa Do Thien Kinh, Le Do Mach, Lp Thi Diic, Nguyen Ngpc Mai, Trin Quang va Biii Xuan Du (2001) "Bat binh dang", chuang Haughton, D., Haughton, J va Nguyen Phong (bien tap) Mice song th&i ky kinh ti bung no, Nxb Th6ng ke, Ha Npi Ngan hang The gidi - WB (2012) Kh&i ddu tot, nhtmg chtra phdi dd hodn thdnh: Tlidnh luu dn tugng cua Viet Nam gidm ngheo vd nhirng thdch thirc mai, Bao cao nghien ciiu Ha Npi Nguyen Viet Anh va Tran Thj Thu Thity (2010) Nhiing nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap ciia hp nong dan CO von vay d huyen Quang Trach, tinli Quang Binh Tap chi Khoa hoe, Dai hgc Hue, S6 62, tr.5- 13 Pham Hong Manh (2011) Nguyen nhan va giai phap giam ngheo cpng dong ngu dan nghe khai thac hai san ven bdtai Khanh Hoa Tgp chi Khoa hoc-Cong nghe thuy sdn, s6 2/2011, tr.3-10 Pham Hdng Manh (2012) Ngheo doi cpng dong ngu dan ven bien Khanh Hoa", Tgp chi Khoa hgc- Cong nghi thuy -idn, so 1/2012, tr.24-29 Department for Intemation Development - DFID (2001) Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets, London, UK United Nations Development Programme - UNDP (1997) Human development Report 1997 "Human development to eradicate poverty" New York Unhed Nations Development Programme - UNDP (2010) Human development Report 2010 "The real wealth of nations: pathways to human development" New York / Kiem dinh Bartlett vd he so KMO Determinant of the correlation matrix Det = 0.000 Bartlett test of sphericity Chi-square Degrees of freedom 153 PHAT TRIEN BtN VCfNG VUNG QUYEN 9, SO (6/2019) 129 NGHIEN Cl>U THU'C NGHlEM - KINHNGHIfM p-value HO: variables are not intercorrelated Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling KMO 0.656 Adequacy Kiem dinh sir phu hap cua mo hinh linktest, nolog Logistic regression LRchi2(2) 47.34 Prob > chi2 Pseudo R2 0.5335 Log likelihood = -20.692693 ngheo Coef Std Err P>z [95% Conf 0.270658 3.83 0524925 0.06906 0.76 cons -.1294866 0.434709 -0.3 hat hatsq 1.036967 0.000 5064866 0.447 0828621 0.766 9815012 Thong tin tac gia: L Nguyen Dinh Hoa, TS - Don vi cong tac: Vien Kinh te Viet Nam, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam - Dia chi email: nguyendinhhoaktpl@gmail.com Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet, TS - Don vi cong tac: Vien Kinh te Viet Nam, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam 130 Interval] 567448 0.187847 Ngay nhan bai: 15/3/2019 Ngay nhan ban sira: 20/4/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 18/5/2019 PHAT TRIEN B £ N V Q N G V U N G QUVeN 9, s o (6/2019)