Quan hệ giữa các làng từ truyền thống đến hiện nay dưới góc nhìn dân tộc học

Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd5 - 2019 QUAN HE GIUA CAC LANG TIT TRUYEN THONG DEN HIEN NAY DirOil GOC NHIN DAN TOC HOC' PGS.TS Bill Xuan Dinh Vien Dan toe hoc Tdm tdt' Ldng Viet d Bdc Bd dd trdi qua qua trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien Idu ddi, Mdi ldng CO nhimg ddc diem riing vi diiu kiin tu nhien, thdnh phdn cu ddn, thai gian hinh thdnh, phuang thicc khai hoang lap ldng, tic cd nhimg net neng ve vdn hda, Trong bdi cd nen sdn xudt ndng nghiep rudng nuac vd nhimg dp luc ve xd hgi ciig chi phong kien, edc khia cgnh vdn hda cua ldng bgc Id rd net ndy sinh mdi quan hi vai cdc ldng khde Bin ca su dong thudn thi hiin rd nhat a kit cdu ehg vd tuc kit cha, gida cde ldng cdn ed nhicng mau thudn, cdng thang, nhat Id quan he vi ddt canh tdc, Bdi viit ndy cung edp cdc tu lieu nhdn xet vi su ddng thudn hay mau thudn quan hi eua cde ldng Viet thdi phong kien v diin tien cua chung tic Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm 1945 din Tie khoa: Ldng Viet, quan hi Idngxd, Bdc Bd, tiip cgn ddn tdc hgc, Ngay nhdn bdi: 23/7/2019: ngdy giri phdn biin: 26/S/20I9: ngdy duyet ddng: 12/10/2019 Mfrdiu Lang Viet it BJc Bo hinh tir rdt sam, tnioc hojc cung voi qua trinh dung nuac cua cha ong ta tCi thud cac Vua Hung Dii khac ve thai dilm hinh cung nhihig dac diSm vS dan cu, kinh tS, xa hgi va van hoa, song cac lang luon gSn kgt vai va vai nha nuac cong cuoc d4u tranh ch5ng giac ngoai xam dk giii lang, giii nuoc, khac phuc hau qua cua thien tai, xay dung va phat trita dit nuac Doan kk, c6 kk giiia lang voi nuoc, giiia cac lang vai la net hSng xuyen quan he lang xa, lang - nude cua lich su Viet Nam Tuy nhien, nhirng dik kienriengbiet, a moi thcli ky lich sit, tai mot s6 dia phuong, khong tranh khoi hien hrong mau thuto, xung dot giua cac lang vol nhau, anh huong d8n nhiSu mat cua doi s6ng, din su phat triin cua tvmg cpng dong cu dan va noi rong hon la ciia dat nuoc Quan he giira cac lang vai la mot nhirng vjn dS Ion cua lich su lang xa cung nhu cua lich su dit nuac Nghien cuu vjn dk khong chi M hiSu qua khii, ma co co so khoa hoc cho viec dl chinh sach, giai phap nhim dilu chinh m6i quan h? giira cac cong ' Bai viit la kit qua cua « t a i dp Ca sa nam 2019: "Ung xa ngirai Vifl a Bdc Bo, truyin tiling vd bien tdf Vifn Dan tpc hpc chii Iri, PGS TS Bui Xuan Dinh lam Chu nhiem Biii Xuan Dinh dong cu dan, tao su ding thuan, han che va khic phuc nhihig lech lac, tao dong luc de xay dung cac cong dong nong thon giau dep va van minh vin dl quan he giira cac lang da diroc dh cap din, song so cong trinh viet ve van de lai chua nhilu, chii yeu ban vl thoi phong kien, it co nhung tu lieu giai doan hien Bai viet gop phiin nhin nhan quan he giira cac lang tir thoi phong kien den nliung nam gan day qua tu lieu chinh sii' va tai lieu dien da o mgt so dia phuong 1, Quan he giu'a cac lang thoi phong kien /./ Nhirng quan he ddng thuan Theo Pierre Gourou, vao diu thap nien 1930, tren vung chau tho Bac Bg, co khoang han 7.000 lang (Pierre Gourou, 2003, h 216) Viec dinli cu cua cac lang lien quan din ba yeu to chinh: dia hinh de chdng ngap liit cho khu cu tni, bao dam nguon nuoc de lua va bao dam an ninh, nhat la c6 chiln tranh, giac gia Cu the; - Cac lang ciing nam tren mpt dia hinh, dia thi (hay co ciing "the dat" va "the nuac"), chiu tac dpng lan co lut loi, han ban, timg lang khong the dan dgc, ma phai lien ket voi cac lang ke can va vung moi co the giai quyit dugc - Khi CO giac gia (giac ngoai xam, trgm cuop), phai lien ket vai de bao dam su an toan Hai yeu to tren quy dinh the irng xir ciia cu dan cac lang voi nhau, nhat la nhung lang lien ke thuong "co cum" mot khu vue Cac nguIn hr lieu Su' hpc, Dan tpc hpc cho biet, ttr xa xua tten nhilu viing o trung du va chau thi Bac Bg da hinh sir lien kit giiia cac lang (hay cha), gpi la kit ciu "hai cha", hay "ba cha" Nha dan tpc hpc Tran Tir dua vao kit qua dilu tra thuc dia cua Le Thi Nham Tuyet ve moi quan he giCta cac cap lang Da Phiic - Thuy Khue (xa Sai San, huyen Quoc Oai), Thupng Hgi - Ha Hgi (xa Tan Hpi, huyen Dan Phuang), dlu thugc Ha Ngi (Le Thi Nham Tuylt, 1974, tt 46 - 59), kit hgp vai ttr lieu ong dilu tra tai ba lang Due Khe, Yen VI, Hpi Xa (xa Huang Son, huyen My Due, cimg thugc Ha Npi) da cho rang, kit ciu "hai cha", hay "ba cha" thucmg xuit hien o cac lang kl can nhau, CO cung nguon glc ljch sir (cimg mgt g6c tach ra, hcac cimg dung lang trgng mpt thoi diem nhat dinh), co chung cac ylu tl tin nguong (chung hoang, ciing tl chiic tha cimg tai den mieu, ttr thi ky XVll tro di thi dung ngoi dinh chung, gpi la dinh chg), va phin Ion nhirng lang vin tri viec tho ciing chung din Caeh mang Thang Tam 1945 Cac lang quan he voi theo mgt trat ttr nghiem ngat: cc chg cd chg thu, ehg em, trgng viec cir dai dien vao bg may dilu hanh va tl chirc le thuc tha cung D6 la diu tich cua 16 chirc luong hop, gilng nhu cu dan Me-la-ne-di (Trin Tit, 1975, tt 36) Dilu dac biet hon, giua cac cha vao djp dau xuan hang nam thuong diin nhihig cugc dan quan hai bo song (hoac tren mpt bai dat) de "choang" (nem nhau), tham chi danh chui nliau, co thi co nguoi "sin dau, me ttan", song chi mang tinh ttigng trung, khong gay "thii lang" Tuc c6 d ciSc cu dan nong nghiep co, la bilu hien cua ttr nguyen thuy "luong phan, ludng hpp" ma net Tgp chi Dan tac hgc sdS - 2019 dac nmig la co su phan dinh va chuyin hoa lan giira hai cap d6i lap: am - duong, ttai dit, sang - toi, trang - den, sing - chit ; nlu khong tl chuc nem (choang) hay danh nhu thi thi lang xom khong yen 6n,rniiamang khSng tit (Trin Tit, 1975, tt 40) Qua ttinh dieu tra thuc dja tai nhieu virng que, chung toi ttiu thap duac nhirng ttr lieu vl "hi cha", ma tieu bilu la cdc lang An Thp, Van Lung - Yen Lung, Phu Vinh (nay thupc xa An Khanh, huyen Hoai Dire, Ha Ngi) Bin lang cung cc ten Nom la Ke Xong, ttio chung hoang, den cuoi thdi Le vin cd chung mgt ngdi dinh (ggi la dinh chg), din van cd chung chua Dai Bi (chua Ca), din thd Ba Chua May - mpt dang thd Mau Tir nam 1954 trd vl trudc, cac lang vin tl chuc chung hgi, theo mgt su phan cong nghiem ngat Hang nam, giira cac lang thudng diin tiic nem qudn hay ddnh qudn vao mot dau thang Gieng Hai ben dung dit, gach, tte, gd nem (gpi la "choang"), cp dimg ca gay gdc danh Ben nao yen sire, thua thi chay vl lang, ddng chat cdng; ben thang dudi den luy tte rot quay ve Nhieu ngudi hi thuang ttong cac cugc nem quan, danh quan nay, song hdm sau dan hai lang lai ddi xu vdi binh thudng nhu khong cd chuyen gi xay (Huyen uy - HDND- UBND huyen Hoai Diic, 2018, tt 291- 293) Mgt dang ket cau "ttr cha" la cac cum dan cu (tren cac van ban Han Nom deu ghi la "thdn"): Manh Tan, Huang Tram, Bieu Khe va Cd Milu, cimg cd ten Nom la ldng Rdm, Tir xa xua, Manh Tan {Rdm Bin) dugc egi la "cha ca", thu tu tiep theo la Huang Tram {Ram Tram), Bieu Khe {Rdm Biiu) va Cd Mieu {Rdm Chg) Thu tu tren day lien quan den mgt sd hoat dgng chung ciia bdn cdng ddng dan cu Tuy mdi cum c6 dinh, chua rieng, Thanh Hoang rieng va td chirc te le neng, song ca bdn cum viin chung hiii ddng ky muc, hdi tu van, ggi la tu vdn hdng xd va mdt hgi ddng quan viin 55 ngudi d dudi tudi 50 dugc lay tir cao xuong thip theo nguyen tic, Manh Tan dugc cir 27 ngudi, Huong Tram 10 ngudi, Bieu Khe va Cd Mieu mdi cum ngudi Trong 55 ngudi do, ngudi dupe cir lam thu chi, lam chil te (Manh Tan ngudi, ba cum cdn lai deu cu mdt ngudi) Hdi tu van va hdi ddng quan vien cd nhiem vu td chirc tl le chung tai dinh Manh Tan vao mdng 10 thang Mpt va trdi dai han dl ciu mua Chi phi cho cac chau tl chung nay, Manh Tan chiu mdt nua, nita cdn lai chia dlu cho ba cum (Dang iiy - HDND - UBND xa Thuy Lam, 2017, tt 45- 46) Nhiing tu lieu tren cho phep khSng djnh, tti mgt lang Ram thdng nhit, din din duoc chia bin khdi dan cu gpi la "thdn", song chua phai la nhiing lang hoan chinh, vi van c6 chung ky muc, chung mdt sl hpat ddng thd cung, theo nguyen tic cd "anh ca, anh thir va em lit" Ciing cd thi ttr bdn cum cd nhiing net tuang ddng va lien kit chat vdi vl cac ylu tl dia ly, kinh tl, van hda, hpp mgt lang Idn, vl sau dupe nha nude phong kiln thilt lap mdt xa (xa BSng Lam, hay Thu Lam) Dilu cho phep gia thilt day la vlt tich cua td chirc "cha"" tir thud rat xa xua Co thi thiy them mdt kilu "cha" diin hinh khac len tdi "luc cha" la cac lang Thuang Thuy, Ngi, Phd Da, Chiln, Nhue, Cuu Quan thudc xa Due Thugng (huyen Hoai Diic nay) Sau lang cimg cd ten Ndm la Ke Trdi, tir xa xua hap thanli mgt "cha" (luc cha), ttong BuiXmiiJ)inll dd, Thugng Thuy dupe coi la "anh ca" (ggi la trudng phimg) nen ludn dugc giu: chirc chu van (soan van tl), lin lugt cac lang Ndi, Nhue, Chiln, Phil Da va Cuu Quan la anh hai den thir sau Bdn lang Ndi, Nhue, Chiln, Phii Da lai hgp mdt cha rieng ("tti cha" va lang Npi lai dupe coi la "anh ca" cha hi cha nay) Sau lang cung thd sau vi hoang Thdi Le, sau lang cd chung ngdi dinh, gpi la dinh Dun (cc le la hi "dung"/ "chung dung" ma ra? Dinh Dun hien chi cdn nin la tru sd Uy ban nhan dan xa Ve sau, mdi lang dung dinh neng Cac vi thin dugc thd chung tai quan Tdng d lang Nhue (hay mieu Thi) Ngay mdng thang Gieng hang nam, ky muc lang hpp tai quan Tdng de ban va quyet djnh viec lud hdi chung diin theo chiu hay theo tirng thdn Nlu to chuc chiu thi 12 va 19, ca thdn te chung (hdi tl) Cac lang ciing rude len lang Thuong Thuy, rude van roi rude xudng quan Tdng Mdi lang cir mdt chu te ciing cac bdi te, chap sir; cdn ddng xudng va tay xudng thi cu chung Cac cdn lai Ian lugt cac lang theo vi thi ttong cha te rieng, song lang (Ndi, Phil Da, Chien, Nhue, Cuu Quan) dlu phai rude kieu len lang Thugng Thuy de "xin van" rdi mdi ve dinh lang minh te le Nhirng nam khdng dien chau, timg lang td chirc te le rieng theo da dinh, song van phai len Thugng Thuy xin van Nhu vay, "Cha" la hinh thire lien ket giira cac lang cd cung ngudn gdc lich su, cd cung "the dat" va "the nude", nham giai quyet van de tudi nude va tieu nude cho san xuat ndng nghiep, bao ve an ninh va tap ttung nhat la de thd ciing Hinh thirc xuit hien tir rit sdm, rat CO the ciing thdi hoac sau cac lang hinh it lau Day cd thi coi la "dinh cao" cua mdi quan he than thien giira cac cdng ddng cu dan Viet Khi ndi ve td chirc "Cha", cung cin phan biet vdi tijc kit cha, hie viec kit nghia giira hai cdng ddng lang vdi (cdn ggi la "ket cha", "an cha", "an ude") vdi cac nguyen tic co ban la: ciing tdn ggi (tren binh dien ca cdng ddng) ngudi lang kit nghia la "anh", hay "quan anh", "ben anh" va nhan minh (cung tren binh dien ca cdng dong) la "em", "chung em" va "ben em"; ttai gai hai ben khdng dugc phep kit hdn vdi nhau; hai ben sin sang giiip dd c6 "cdng to, viec Idn", hoac gap hoan nan; mgi giao thiep giira hai ben dlu phai tdn ttgng va phuc tiing quyln Igi cua cdng ddng (Le Thi Nham Tuyet, 1974) Trong dd, d td chirc "cha", cd phan biet "cha ca" va cac "cha thit", "cha em" rd ret; trai gai hai ben dupe liy va viec giiip dd la khdng bit budc Phin Idn cac cap kit nghia giua hai lang thudng xuat hien rat mudn; song luu truyin dan gian cung nhu tai lieu Han Ndm it di cdn luu lai cho biet, cd nhCrng cap kit nghia xuit hien sdm va dugc tri lau bin, diy cam ddng, nhu Tam Tao - Xuan Due (Le Thi Nham Tuylt, 1972); Van Phuc - Nga My (Biii Xuan Dinh, 2013a), Chau Ld - Kim Thupng (Nguyin Thu Minh, 2018)^ Lang Tam Tao (xa Phil Lam huyen Tien Du, tinli Bdc Ninh), lang Xuan Due (xa Yen Thutme hnvS r Lam, Ihanh Ha No,); lang Van Phuc (xa Van Phuc, huyen Thanh Tri) lang Nga My (xa T h a n h M a r h u v f ^ Thanh Oai) cung thupc Ha Npi hien nay; lang Chau L6 (xa Mai Dinh, huyen Hiep Hoa i' h n? Giang), lang Kim Thuong (xa ICim Lu, huyen Soe Son, ph6 Ha Npi) ' '^ Tap chiDdn tgc hgc sd5 -2019 Tuc ket nghTa the hien mdi quan he tdt dep giOa cac lang cdn la mdt gia trj van hda ciia cac cdng ddng cu dan Viet Diing nhu Le Thi Nham Tuylt da khSng dinh, chi cd thi thiy hit dugc gia tri cua tuc ket nghia dat nd bdi ciinh xa hpi phong kiln vao thdi ky suy vong (ttr giira thi ky XVIII trd di), nha nude da td bat luc tnrdc yeu ciu bao ve an ninh, bao dam ddi sdng cua cu dan cac lang xa; cac cgng ddng cu dan phai tu "co minh" lai va phai tach biet, tham chi cd luc cd nai ddi lap de gianh quyen lgi, hay chi it ciing de tu bag ve minh; cac "khoanh tre" vdi cau triic tu quan chat la nhirng "bau trdi neng" cua timg cdng ddng ddi mat vdi nhirng vat va, khd khan va rdi ren, "nhieu loan" ciia xa hgi duong thdi Trong bdi canh lai niiy sinh hoac tri mdt sir giao hieu tren tinh than vd tu, "quen minh" vi giira cac lang, that sir mang y nghia ciia su ke thira, bao luu mdt tmyen thdng da dugc hinh tir xua Viec tri tuc ket nghia giira cac lang cd y nghia nhu mpt hudngttrttmthem luc lugng cho minh tren co sd tinh than va dao ly tuong than tuong lau ddi (Le Thi Nham Tuylt, 1974) 1.2 Nhii'ng quan he khdng dong thuan Ben canh nhirng net hda hgp, hda ddng tren day, giira cac lang, nhat la cac lang ke can nhau, kl ca cac lang nim ket can "hai cha, ba cha, bdn cha, sau cha" da bdc Id nhirng mau thuin, nhilu trudng hgp cang thing, din den "tan cha" hay "va cha" (bieu hien rd nhit la "biet hr", tire cac lang cha dung dinh rieng, td chirc thd cung rieng; vay, dinh Dun khdng cdn va nlu cac lang ciing nSm mdt xa thi tim mpi each de "biet xa", tire tach xa rieng) ma Trin Tir da chi bai vilt vl lang xa Huong Son neu tren va ttr lieu diin da cua chung tdi tai nhilu lang ciing tning hop vdi nhan dinh cua dng Mdt dieu cin luu y ring, nhimg mdi lien kit kit ciu "hat cha, ba cha, bin cha, sau cha" dupe thuc hien chii ylu thdng qua ting lap tren, ma dai dien la chirc sic, ky miic cac lang, nhieu khdng hin trung vdi tam tu, nguyen vgng va quyln Ipi ciia ngudi dan Chite sac cac lang CO thi ddng thuan vdi nhau, hanh xir voi theo mdt sir thda hiep, "di hda vi quy", "cung CO Igi", nhung sl ddng ngudi dan thi khdng hin nhu vay Trong cac trudng hop ddt xuat va birc bach, nhirng hanh xit ciia cua ngudi dan dl trd diu ludi cua cac mau thuan, xung dot Dd chinh la "thi dit" va "thi nude" ciia timg dan vi ttr cu gan vdi viec lam rudng nude Khi ban ban cin cd nude dl cay ciy cho kjp thdi vu, lu lut cin tieu nude de bao ve lang xdm, mua mang, moi cdng ddng cu dan phai "gianli" liy quyen dugc lay nude ttrdi va quyln dugc tieu bd ngudn nude thita Diy la diu mli cua nhirng tranh chap, mau thuan ma nlu khdng dilu hda dugc vdi hoac khdng kilm chi dugc "nhitng cai dau ndng" thi rat de xay xd xat va ttr mdt xd xat nlu khdng dugc xit ly kip thdi dl dan den vii an, mau thuan tich tu keo dai, trd thu ban Nhung tranh chip, mau thuin giira cac lang ttt thi dit va thi nude bilu hien gay gat nhit la d cac lang ven sdng; bdi dit canh tac d cac lang chu ylu la dit bai bdi (cdng chau thd), dien tich cung nhu mdc gidi ludn chju tac dpng ciia nude 10 ddng sdng Sau mdi miia mua lu, cd chi sau mpt can ID Idn, cd the dupe bdi mdi hoac md rdng them cho lang Bill XudnBiiih_ mdt canh bai rgng Idn; song cung ddng nghia la "ttrdc" di mpt dien tich Ion dat dai cua ang ben sdng (hoac lang ben canh, ciing phia cua ddng sdng), mdc gidi ciing khdng en dupe bdi cd them dit dai cay ciy; nhung ben bj Id lat mit mpt ngudn Igi de muu sinh a hudng Idn tdi cuoc slug cua cac gia dinh ttong lang, cung nhu tdi nhirng boat dpng c ung cua cdng ddng (phin Idn dit bai bdi hay cdng chau thd thudc quyln cdng hiru ciia ca lang, dung dl chia cho cac suit dinh va dung vao nbiiiig boat ddng hanh chinh, thd cung cua lang) Tir tranh chip giira cac cdng ddng cu dan ciing phia hay d phia doi ngan vdi ddng song, nhim gianh lai phin dit da mit hay giir lai phin dit dugc "trdi cho" diin thudng xuyen theo cac miia nude hi Mdt sd lang mau thuin, tranh chip vdi chi vi mdt dat dat hep^a de (ngi ddng) sgng cd vj thi dep, cd gia trj kinh tl va gia tti tam linh dac biet Dien hinh la hai lang Cd Loa va Due Tii (nay cung thupc huyen Ddng Anh, phd Ha Ndi) tranh chip khu dit cho Cd Loa d gin khu vue din Thuang (thd An Duong Vuong) Tu lieu van bia thi ky XVll - XVIII ghi lai kha nhilu vu tranh chip dit dai giOa cac lang, nhu: Liing Son - Ling Xa, Dilm Xa - Thp Triln, Mdn Tu (cac lang nay deu thudc tinh Bac Ninh) Viec tranh chip gay kien tung keo dai, rit tdn kem; cac lang phai huy dpng mgi ngudn luc dl theg kien, quyit "gianh lai dit lang", nliu van ddng cac nha giau cd bd tien ctia de "giiip lang" theo kien (vl sau nhimg ngudi dupe bin lam ban than), huy ddng ca nhirng ngudi ling dang lam quan d trin (tinh), ca d cung vua phu chua theo kien (Pham Thj Thiiy Vinh, 2003, tl 178 - 180) Diin hinh la lang Cd Loa, vu kien tranh chip khu dit chp vdi lang Due Tu keo dai suit 56 nam (1663 - 1709) da "huy ddng" ca ngudi nhit cua lang cd hpc vj tiln sT, dang lam quan ttilu ky vao don kien va lang da lap thda ude quy dinb ve quyln Ipi cua cac ca nhan tham gia vao viec kien, neu chang may bj quan tren danh ddn, tra khao, bj phat hi, bj chit xd xat vdi lang Due Tu, hoac bi bat giam ma chet ttong nguc (Bia ''Co Loa chinh phdp dien tligch bil Van bia den Cd Loa) Ngoai ttanh chap va miiu thuan dat dai, ngudn nude lien quan den the dat va the nude de san xuat, giira mgt sd lang cdn xay man thuan xuat phat tir su khac ve tinh each Vi the, tir nhirng chuyen cd kbi rat nhd nhat, "vat vanh", nhat thdi, da "xe" chuyen Idn va vi khdng dugc ngan chan kip thdi nen da trd "chuyen mudn thud", gay chuyen khdng de gi hda giai giira hai ben Trudng hgp lang Bat Trang vdi lang Giang Cao (huyen Gia Lam) la dien hinh Dan lang Bat Trang sdng bang nghe lam gdm va budn ban, hoan toan khdng lam ndng nghiep, nen diii dat bai ven sdng Hdng khdng cd gia tri kinh tl vdi hg, tham chi cdn gay biit lgi viec van chuyen san pham, nguyen vat lieu lam gdm tit lang sdng; song vi "the dien ciia lang" va vi "tinh than bao vc ranh gidi lang", dan lang quyet giir dat va gtanh dat vdi lang Giang Cao (va ca lang Ddng Du ke can) Cude tranh chap gay gat keo dai hang the ky Thu vien Vien Nghien cuu Han Ndm hien cdn luu bdn thac ban van bia ghi viec tranh kien dat bai giira Bat Trang vdi bai lang tren, khiin cho quan Thita ty tran Kmh Biic nhieu lan phai ve phan xir, vao cac nam; Thjnh Dire 2, 3, (cac nam 1654-1655-1656), Chinh Hda thii hai (Tan Dau, 1681), Vinh Huu thu nam (Ky Mui, 1739) Dac biet, vu tranh chap vao dau the ky XX, Bat Trang va Giang Cao dung tnrdc nauv Tgp chiDdn tgc hgc sd5 - 2019 CO xung ddt Idn Nhd su can thiep cua chinh quyln va su hilu bilt cua nhirng ngudi cd uy tin ttong hai lang, xung ddt da khdng xay ra, ranh gidi hai lang dupe phan dinh (Biii Xuan Dinh, Chu bien, 2013b, tr 22) Nhimg man thuin, tranh chip cang quyit liet kbi duong diu vdi la cac lang (cung la cac xa) "cd the lire", thudng gpi la "dan diu tdng", nhu trudng hgp cac cap lang (xa) Cd Loa - Due Tu, Bat Trang - Giang Cao, Mau thuan giira cac lang ciing diin rit gay git trudng hgp mdt xa gdm hai lang trd len Cac lang "Idn" (cd dan sd ddng, cd nhieu ngudi lam quan ) ludn chen ep cac lang nhd; tham chi cd trudng hgp, gianh ca ten lang, diin hinh la hai lang Phugng Vien va Phuang Bang (huyen Hoai Diic) Cho din giua thi ky XIX, qua tu lieu van bia, hai lang dugc sap xIp xa "Huang Bang", song khdng rd vl sao, van ban hanh chinh lai khdng ghi la "Huang Bang xa, Phuang Bang thdn" hay "Huang Bang xa, Phuong Vien thon", ma lai ghi la "Huang Bang xa, Thupng thdn" hay "Huang Biing xa Ha thdn" va khong lang nao chju nhan la "Huong Bang xii Ha thdn" ("Ha" vdi nghia la dudi, thip, tham chi "hen ha" ???), ma deu nhan lit "Huang Bang xii, Thupng thdn" Quan tren phan xir mdt each "dung hda" cho ggi mdt lang la "Huong Bang xa, Thupng thdn" va mdt lang la "Huong Bang xa, Huu thdn" (sach Ten ldng xd Viet Nam ddu the ky XIX ghi lit "thdn Thuang" va "thdn Hiru" thudc xa Hucmg Bang, song khdng ghi cu the lang nao gan vdi ten cae thdn dd) Sach Dong Khanh dig du chi cho biet, vao thdi diem cua nien hieu (1886-1888), xuat hien bai xa "Huong Bang Hiru" va "Huang Bang Thupng"; song ciing khdng ghi lang nao gin viii cac ten tten Din diu thi ky XX, mdi xuat hien cae ten "xa Phutmg Bang" va "xa Phuong Vien", song vi bi "map md" mdt thdi gian dai, chg nen den day lai dien viec "gianh" ten "Phuang Bang", vi theo quan niem dd la ten dep (nghia la dugc neu ten tten bang vang, hay ehi sir dd dat ttong hgc hanh, thi cu) Thuc ra, tir xa xua, lang Phuong Bang vdn cd ten Ndm la lang Vang (theo quy luat chuyen am Ndm sang am Han - Viet la "Vang"/"Bang"; cdn lang Phuong Vien ed ten Ndm la lang Ngdi Chinh vi quan he giira bai lang cd nhilu "khue quanh", nen khdng rd tit bao gid, ten "lang Vang" lai dupe dung dl ggi tr 416) Theo cho lang Phuang Vien (Huyen uy, HDND, UBND huyen Hoai Due, 2018, cac bac eao nien lang Vang, nguyen ciia viec bj "trao ten" la lang Ngdi cd ngudi lam quan to ttong trilu, vi quan da cd nhirng tac ddng vdi trilu dinh nen lang dugc mang ten cha la "Phuang Bang" (?) Viec tranh chip ten lang la mdt ttong nhChig tac nhan din din hai lang thdi phong kiln da xay nam lin xung dot lien quan den chg va dat dai (vi ca hai lang dlu nim ven sdng Day, dit bai bdi ehiem mdt bg phan Idn dien tich dat dai canh tac) Viec cac lang Idn chen ep cac lang nhd la ngpn ngudn cua hien hrgng ddi tach xa (dan gian ggi la "chay biet xa") diin thucmg xuyen, nhit la vac cudi the ky XIX, dau the ky XX Nhilu lang chi vai chuc suit dinh, sgng tim mgi each (dua vao quan tren la ngudi lang, bdi Id quantten,mua them suit dinh cho "du tieu chuin") dl du-gc tach xa (Bui Xuan Dinh, 2000) ,Q BuiXudnDinh^ Quan he gifra cae lang tu- Caeh mang Thang Tam 1945 den 2.1 Nhung quan he dong thuan Caeh mang Thang Tam 1945 cong, tu tuong cue bo, tam ly lang da dugc^"khac chg" nho eong tac tuyen truykn, giao due tinh thiin, ly tu'cmg each mang, the dang vuon len eiia dat nuac Can bo, dang vien va nhan dan cae thon lang sat canh ben cac xa dugc ghep iai ban dau la dS kidn qu6c, sau sat eanh cac "dai xa" de chien diu chSng lai quan thu, giai phong que huong euge khang chien chong thuc dan Phap Hoa binh lap lai, nhiing tan du, anh hucmg tieu cue cua tam ly lang, tu tuong cue bg lang xa tiep tuc dugc "iSy got" vai cong euge hgp tac hoa vi muc tieu xay dung mgt nong thon xa hgi chu nghia, vi nhiing canh d6ng bo vung bo thua dk co euge song am no Can bg, nhan dan cac lang san long digu chuyan rugng dk cho theo quy hoaeh chung - mgt cong viee chua tung xay lich sii eac don vi cu dan Co the lay mgt so lang ven song Day thugc huyen Hoai Due lam vi du Sau hoa binh lap lai, de quy hoach lai dan cir phue vu phat fri^n kmh tg - xa hgi, nhdt la viec quy hoach lang xom phuc vu phan lii song Day cho ngi Ha Ngi (1974 - 1975), nhieu xom ven song eua cac lang phai xen ghep voi cac xom cua nhung lang ke can; song cu dan cac xom, lang tiep nhan da vui ve don nhan nguoi o xom, lang khae dgn cCing sinh song; ngugc lai, dan cac xom, lang phai di dai nhanh ehong hoa nhap voi eu dan tiep nhan, dii c6 nhirng khac biet nhat dinh ve van hoa, loi song Dac biet, sau hoa binh lap lai, toan bg eu dan cac van chai dual song Day dugc chuygn lgn bo theo nguyen tac "cu dau dich day" Sau mgt thoi gian rat ngan, toan bg khoi cu dan da hoa nhap vao cugc song cua cac xom lang tren bo, tham chi c6 thon, chang ban thon Hoa Binh (xa Yen NghTa, la phuang Yen NghTa, quan Ha Dong) dugc hinh trgn eo so bon bg phan dan cu: xom Phugng ciia van chai Bat Lam va eae xom trai cua cac lang Yen Lg, NghTa Lg, La Tinh, Suot hon 60 nam trdi qua, dan thon song hoa thuan, dong thuan {Tic lieu dien da ciia tac gid) Quan he ket nghTa bi dut doan khang chien chong Phap, phai tap trung vao nhiem vu chign dau; tham chi a mgt vai cap ket nghia, nhu lang Thuy Loi (nay thugc xa Thuy Lam, huyen Dong Anh) va lang Xuan Lai (nay thugc xa Xuan Thu, huyen Soe San) cung thugc Ha Ngi, ke dich da lgi dung tuc kgt nghia, dimg bgn tg phan dgng lang Xuan Lai de danh pha co so khang chign lang Thuy Loi (Dang iiy - HDND- UBND xa Thuy Lam, 2017, tr.l 19) Hoa binh lap lai, nong thon mign Bac don sue vao cong cugc xay dung chu nghia xa hgi va khang chien chong My, kgt hgp vai viec tha than, mo hgi bi han chi tai muc toi da, nen tuc kgt nghTa o phan Ion eac lang qug khong dugc tri Mot s6 cap kgt nghTa dugc phuc hoi sau dat nuoc thong nhdt (thang nam 1975) it lau, nhSt la cac lang xa o tinh Bac Giang, von la vung tu khang chien chong Phap Phai tu thuc hien cong cugc Doi moi, tuc ket nghTa mai co dieu kien khoi phuc o nhigu dia phuone Trong hoat dgng ket nghTa nay, su tuang trg, gmp da dugc tang cuang, tigm I kinh te cua cac lang da kha hon rat nhieu so voi truoc day; song khia canh giao Imj ftr Tgp chiDdn igc hoc sd5 -2019 thd Cling, hdi he va md rdng cac sinh boat chinh trj - xa bdi) vin ndi trdi ban, ddng thdi mdtttongnhihig nguyen tic co ban cua tuc kit nghia lang xa xua la cim ky kit hdn giira ttai gai hai lang da khdng cdn dugc tri d nhilu cap kit nghia Mgt bieu hien cua quan he ddng thuan giira cac lang xuit hien tit cuoi thap nien 1980 ttd di, cac dinh ehiia, din milu dugc tmng m, phuc dung, viec thd cimg dugc tri trd lai Nhu cau tim bieu lai ljch vi tiiin dupe thd da thdi thiic nhilu vien ed tam huylt ttong Ban khanh tiet dinh lang vl tan eac lang que "gdc" cua vj thin dl tim them cac ngudn tai lieu va duge ban khanh tilt lang "gdc" tan tinh giup dd Tit cdng viec ma hinh mdi quan be giao hao, ban dau chi diin giiia ban khanh tilt hai lang, sau md rdng cac doan the, cbi bp; tit binh quan he giao hao giira hai lang, dii cd hai cdng dpng cu dan dd d each kha xa Dieu khac bin vdi thdi phong kiln, cac lang khdng that sir quan tam "truy tim" tan gdc cac vi than, de binh thimh quan be giao bao vdi cac lang cd cung vi than dugc tbd^ 2.2 Nhitng quan he khdng ddng thuan Sau Caeh mang Thang Tam 1945, ben canh sd ddng cac lang cd tuyet dai da sd can bd va ngudi dan "but" khdi nhirng tan du, anh butmg cua tiim ly lang va tu tudng cue bd lang xa, van cd kha nhieu lang, ngudi dan va ea can bd bi "an ngir" bdi khung chat hep cua liiy tre, manh rudng, mieng vudn, bi "am anh" bdt nhirng hiem khich "truyen ddi" vdi eac lang khac, dan den nhirng mau thuan, xung ddt "tai phat" sau cude khang chien chdng Phap kit thuc, budc vao xay dung hda binh Dang luu y la d nhieu dia phuong, nhirng mau thuin lai bit diu tti dgi ngii can bd Hien tupng the hien rd net d eae xa gdm nhiing lang khdng tuong ddng vl cac ylu td hch sir, van hda, nhat la ve tin ngudng Dac biet, mot sl xa gdm hat - ba lang khac biet, tham chi xung dot ve tiim ly, tinh each va cang gay gat hon d nhimg xa gdm hai lang vdn thudc cac tdng, huyen khac thdi phong kiln Nhirng xung dot giiia cac cgng ddng dan cu thi hien hi nhirng viec "tudng la nhd", nhu "gianh nhau" ttong dat ten xa, dat dia dilm tru sd xa, din viec Idn la cat eu cac chite danh chii chdt ttong Dang uy, chinh quyln va dean thi trgng xa; Idn ban nira la tranh chip dit dai quy hoach lai ddng rudng; hoac ddi vl lang - xa cii (vdi cac xdm, cum dan cu le cua mdt lang bj nhap vao lang- xa khac) Cac tu lieu d huyen Hoai Diic la diin binh cho hien hrgng Nhu da dan d tten, nlu da so eac nhdm cu dan vui ve chip nhan sir dieu chuyen, xen ghep ttr lang sang lang khac theo quy hoach chung, thi mdt bd phan cu dan da quyet "khdng sdng chung" vdi dan lang ma hp phai chuyin din Diin hinh la cac xdm Ddng Pbu, Me Tao va Thanh Tang cua lang (xa) Duong Lilu dugc cit chuyin vl xa Minh Khai sau cai each mdng dit, song dan ba xdm klidng chiu Sau mdt thdi gian ngin, phai chuyin tra hai xdm Ddng Phii, ' Trong Mn khai thk lich thin sjc ma Vien Vi8n Bong Bac cS Phap, thong qua chinh quyen cap xa yeu cau cac lang Idiai vi viec tho thSn c6 can hoi "Co nhiing lang nao ciing tho vi than vol lang?" thi loi khai cua cac vi chuc dich * hiyet dai bp phan cac xa dgu ghi "Chiing toi khong biet" hoac "Khong dugc ro" 12 BuiXudnJ3irih_ Me Tao vl xa Duong Lilu, cdn xdm Thanh Tang "huge phai d lai" xa Minh Khai, nhung suot mdt thdi gian dai, ngudi dan va ca mdt bg phan can bd ludn mang tu tudng "ly khai" doi tra ve lang ch", din din nhilu bit cap ttong su on dinh va phat trien cua xa Minh Khai Su "khdng bmh lang" quan he giira cac lang thi bien rd nhit d cac xa dupe jp sau cugc cai each mdng dit, gdm cac limg khdng tuong ddng, tham chi xung dot ve cac yeu td van hda Nhirng lang be "dan tieu xa mgn" ludn bi ngudi dan va ca can bd lang Idn chen ep bang du hinh thitc Trong dd, viec xu ly cac su viec xay cua chinh quyen cap tren khdng kien quyit hoac khdng thiu tinh, dat ly, lam cho nhirng mau thuan cang thang vdn cd giira cac lang gia tang Dudi day, xin neu hai dien hinh ve viin de Trucmg hap hai ldng Phuang Vien vd Phuang Bdng: Nhu da ttinh bay d tten, thdi phong kien, hai lang da xay nam lan xung dot Trgng khang chien chdng Phap, hai lang nhap vdi mdt sd lang ben canh tbanh xii Phuang Son Quan dan cac lang doan ket ben de ciing chien dau giai phdng que huong Sau kbi hoan cai each mdng dat (giira nam 1956), xa Phuang Son dugc tach lam xa, trcng dd cd xa Lien Phuong (tttc Song Phuang nay), gdm hai lang Phuong Vien va Phuang Bang Cac mau thuin vdn cd tir lau giira hai lang den day lai "hdi sinh" vdi nhieu dang thai Ngay sau xa Lien Phuang dupe lap, can bd Dang iiy, Uy ban banh chinh xa la ngudi cua hai lang da khdng ddng thuan nhieu cdng viec, ttong dd cd viec dat tt^ sd d dia phan lang nao'', din din nhitng hanh vi cue doan, nhu nhieu ttudng hgp lien quan den quyln lgi cita tap thi va ea nhan tiing lang: chil tich xa (ngudi lang Phuong Bang) ky, nhung iiy vien thu ky iiy ban hanh chinh xa (ngudi thdn Phuang Vien) khdng ddng diu; cd tradng hgp van ban giri len huyen nhung khdng cd dau va duge chua mdt ddng d ben dudi "con diu di ving", budc huyen phai chin chinh Trong khang chiln chdng My, mau thuan giira hai lang dugc gat bd Lien Phucmg trd dien hinh tien tien cua ciitinhHa Tay vl phat triln san xuit va chi vien tiln hiyln Tuy nhien, sau lap hgp tac xa tren tgan xa (thang nam 1976), mau thuin cd hiru giira hai lang "tai phat", tam ly dd ky cua ca ngudi dan va can bd citng su chi dao thilu sat thuc ciia cap uy xa Tit mdt xa kha Lien Phuong (ddi tbanh Song Phuong) ttd xa ttung binh, rdi xa yeu kem, tham chi ttd tbanh "dilm ndng" cua huyen Hoai Dire ma dinh dilm la cude xung dgt tren quy mg toan lang vao thing nam 1986, vdi viec tin cdng, bit giir ngudi, ddt nha, hiiy hoai tai san cua Chinh quyln huyen, tbanh Ha Ndi va tinh Ha Tay phai mat rat nhieu thai gian, edng sue, nhan lire dl dn dinh tinh hinh xa Song Phuong nhung man thuin giua bai lang vin diin liic am thim, "ra mat" va dinh dilm tilp theo la sd ddng dan cu khu C (thdn Phuang Vien) chdng ddi chinh quyln, bit gift doan can bd tinh Ha Tay ve giai quyit vu viec (thang nam 1992), nhilu nam trdi khdng ndp thul va cac khgan nghia vu, dung "le lilng" dl bit ep ngudi dan phai ddng Ida vdi cac hanh vi chdng ddi cua hp Khu C xa Song Phuang trd thimh dilm ndng dupe ca nude bilt din qua cac nh tien thdng tin dai chiing nhung nam 1997-1998 (Ban Chip hanh Dang bd xa Song Phu'^T^ ^ Khi do, cac xa phai dung dinh lang d6 lam tru so uy ban hanh chmh xa Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd - 2019 2008, tt 174-194) Truang hgp hai ldng Bdt Trdng vd Giang Cao: Thdi phong kiln, hai lang cung la hai xa diing diu hat tdng khac nhau, timg cd nhitng hiem khich, ca ttanh chip, xd xat quyit liet, quan tten phai vl phan xit - nhu da trinh bay Den nam 1948, bai lang cimg vdi lang Kim Lan dugc nhap mdt xa; din nam 1957, lang Kim Lan dugc tach xa rieng Lang Bat Trang dii ndi tiing vdi nghi gdm va cd be day truyin thing lich sit - van hda, seng vi cd dan sd it hon nen ludn bi "lep ve", the bien rd nhit d viec bd tri can bd: suit tir nam 1954 den nam 1990, khdng cd can bd nao ngudi lang Bat Trang dupe bin giir chiic vu chu chit ciia Dang uy va chinh quyln xa; tit nam 1991 din nam 2015, chi cd ngudi dugc biu lam bi thu dang iiy va ngudi lam chu tich iiy ban nhan diin xa Man thuin giua dan va mdt sd can bd tbuipc hai lang gia tang tit nam 1995 ttd di, ngudi lang Giang Cao hpc dupe ky thuat lam gdm ciia lang Bat Trang va dua nghe gem phat dat khdng kem gdm cua lang ma hp hpc dugc Vita mudn "ddc chiem" nghe gdm, vira mang tjim ly ky, khdng mudn lang Bat Trang phat trien, ngudi lang Giang Cao, ttong dd cd ea mgt sd can bd da cd y "doat" thuong hieu gdm lang Bat Trang va co hdi thuc hien y dinh niiy da den: vao nam 1997, nhan Hpi nghj cac nude cd sit dung tieng Phap dien tai Ha Ndi, Sd Van hda - Thdng tm Ha Ngi cho dat mgt tam bien "Lang cd Bat Trimg" (bang chit Viet va chii Phap) de ddn nguyen thu cac nude ve tham lang Nhirng can bd chit chdt xa Bat Trang dd deu la ngudi limg Giang Cac da "tu vin" cho can bg Sd Van hda - Thdng tin dat tam bien d dau lang Giang Cao, each tmng tam lang Bat Trang gin 2km Vi tim biln ma sau dd khach khip nai din lang Giang Cao da hilu nhim lang Bat Trang, vao tham cac di tich thd cung (dinh, chiia, din miu) ciia lang Giang Cao ma du khach tudng la ctia lang Bat Trang Khdng chi vay, khach din mua dd gom sii dlu tap tmng d lang Giang Cao Birc xuc vi viec nay, ngudi lang Bat Trang keu ciiu len cac ca quan chuc nang, nhung su viec roi vao im lang mdt thdi gian dai Mai din nam 2002, nhd mdt phin tin ttong chuong trinh Thdi su eiia VTVl Dai Trayin hinh Viet Nam, biln bao tren mdi dugc dd bd, ngudi cac ngi mdi hilu rd dau la lang Bat Trang Tuy nhien, dd ngudi lang Bat Trang da "linh dii" ban qua Su chen ep cua ngudi lang Giang Cao chua dimg lai d dd Vao nam 2000, cac can bd ngudi lang Giang Cao dl xuit "phuong an ddi ten cac xdm" Tmdc thdi diem tten, bien ehi din ten eac xdm gdm sd thii tu xdm gin vdi ten cua ttttig lang (chang ban, xom 1, xdm 2, xom ldng Giang Cao; sau dd din xdm 1, xdm 2, xdm 3, ldng Bdt Trdng); "phuong an mdi" dl la: cac xdm cita ca hai lang dlu dupe danh sl thii ttr gan vdi ten "Bat Trang", bit diu hi lang Giang Cao Nlu phuang an dupe thdng qua, mpt lan nita, du khach khdng thi nhan lang Bat Trang gde, vi lang Giang Cao "an ngir" dau xa Bat Trang, tten doan dudng de sdng Hdng "ddc dao" tii phia ciu Long Bien vl Thiy rd dugc "su nguy hai" phuang an dat ten cac xdm dupe thuc hien, ngudi lang Bat Trang da quyet liet phan dli, khilu nai len cac cip chinh quyln, nen phuong an tren khdng \A ^_^ Bui XudnDinh_ -—-^ Trong quan he cang thang giua hai lang tigp dien thi viec xu ly cua chinh quyen dp huyen nhidu lai thi6u tinh ta, cang dSy mau thuan gia tang Mgt vi du dien hin a vao dku nam 2019 lang Bat Trang ky mem 60 nam Chii tich H6 Chi Minh vg tham Maket cho phong ll ky niem la "Le ky niem 60 nam Bac H6 vg tham lang Bat Trang", song dua lgn huyen duyet thi huyen da thay hjr "lang Bat Trang" bing "xa Bat Trang", Vice da bj nguoi dan lang Bat Trang phan ung gay g4t, vi cho rfing siia phong nhu vay la lam sai y nghia ljch su bai nam 1959 Chii tich H6 Chi Mmh chi vg tham "lang Bat Trang" ma khong vg ''xa Bat Trang", va lai xa Bat Trang mang tgn "xa Quang Minh", Rat may, su phan ung tren da dugc "kigm soat", neu khong rk co thg se din dgn hau qua klion luong voi mgt su kien chinh tri r^t quan trgng, khong chi ciia lang Bat Trang, ma ciia ca xa Bat Trang va huyen Gia Lam, Ngoai ra, nhigu hien tugng "khong binh thuang" khac xu ly ciia cac can bg co lien quan dan ITnh vue co quan he giua hai lang ma bai viet khong c6 dieu kien ngu Ket luan Lang Viet a B^c Bg hinh hj rk som, vay cae ySu t6 van hoa, tam ly, tinh each gdn chat vai su hinh va phat trien ciia cac cgng dong cu dan Cac yeu to mang nhigu y nghTa tich cue, song cung chiia dung nhieu mat han che, tieu cue Dac digm vg dieu kien tiJ nhign (thg dat, thg nuoc) cua cac lang lign ke nhau, c6 chung nhirng dac diem ve hch su - van hoa cimg vai ngn nong nghiep rugng nuoc la cac ygu to co ban da hinh cac kigu ket cau "cha" vol dac diem noi bat la lien ket tho cung va ho trg san xuat, doi song, tinh dong thuan, hoa thuan giiia cac lang rat cao Tuy nhien, voi nhimg net rieng dugc xae lap tir rat som, vol ea so kinh tg la nen nong nghiep san xuat nho, chiu tac dgng nang ng eiia digu kien tu nhign va ciia cac chinh sach nha nuoc phong kign sau nay, lang luon ton tai nhu mgt ca thg co "biet tinh", doi lap vai cac lang khac Do vay, man thuan giira cac cgng dong cu dan la digu khong thg tranh khoi, bigu hien o nhirng sac khac nhau, tai cac dja phuang khac va a cac thai ky khac Nhung chinh sach ciia Nha nuoc, cac phong trao Caeh mang su6t tir thang nam 1945 den da timg buoc got bo tam ly lang, tu tuang cue bg dia phuang ciia cac cgng dong cu dan, dgng vign nguoi dan vao cong cugc xay dung nong thon, Tuy nhien, cac chinh sach, cac phong trao chua lam thay doi tan goe rg loi song lang xa, nep nghT va tSm nhin ciia nguoi dan (va ca can bg) thi mau thuan giiia cac cgng dong lang khong de gi xoa bo Do do, can co su nhan dien dimg vg nguon goc, ban chat ciia nhirng dong thuan va khong dong thuan dg co giai phap dung viee xir ly cae man thuan giua nhirng cgng ddne dan cu, nhat la tai cac xa gom nhirng lang khong tuang dong ve lich sir - van hoa Dac biet trone thoi gian toi, nhigu dia phuang trign khai thuc hien Nghi quygt s6 653/2019/UBTVOH 14 12 thang nam 2019 ve viec sap xgp cac dem vi hanh ehinh cap huyen, cSp xa tronp giai doan 2019-2021 Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd5 -2019 Tai Ueu tham khiio Ban Chip hanh Dang bd xa Song Phuong - huyen Hoai Diic - phd Ha Ndi (2008), Lich su cdch mgng ctia Ddng bg vd nhdn ddn xd Song Phuang (1930 - 2008), xuit ban ndi bd Cd Loa chinh phdp dien thach bi (bia v l viec tranh chip dit dai giira hai lang Cd Loa, Due Tu; lap nam Vinh Thjnh thu 13, 1708, dirng tai din Cd Loa), thac ban tai Vien Nghien cim Han Ndm Dang uy-HDND-UBND xa Thuy Lam, huyen Ddng Anh, Ha Ndi (2017), Thuy Ldm, truyen thdng lich sic vdn hda vd cdch mgng, Nxb Ha Ndi Bill Xuan Dinh (2000), "Quy md cap xa d Bac Ninh xua va nay, nhirng vin dl dat ra", Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc, sd 3, tr 63 - 69 Bill Xuan Dinh (Chd bien, 2013a), Hdnh trinh ve ldng Viet cd, Nxb Van hda Thdng tin, Ha Ndi, tap (Cac lang que Xir Nam) Bui Xuan Dinh (Chii bien, 2013b), Bdt Trdng, ldng nghe, ldng vdn, Nxb Ha Ndi Pierre Gourou (2003), Ngudi nong ddn chau thg Bdc Ky, ban djch, Hiii Khoa hpc Ijch sit Viet Nam, Vien Vien Ddng Bac cd, Nxb Tre Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Huyen iiy- Hdi ddng nhan dan- Uy ban nhan diin huyen Hoai Due (2018), Dia chi Hoai Dice, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia, tap II Nguyin Thu Minh (2018), Tuc kit nghia ldng xd a Bdc Giang, ban danh may (tai lieu giri cho tac gia bai viet nay) 10 Qudc su quan ttilu Nguyen (2003), Dong Khanh dia du chi, Nxb The gidi, HaNgi 11 Le Thi Nham Tuylt (1974), "Kit nghia lang cha trgng sinh hgat va van hda cd truyen", Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc, Sd 4, tr 46 - 59 12 Trin Tit (1975), "Gdp phin tim bilu lang Viet cd trayin: Lang xa Huang Son (Ghi chep Dan tgc hgc)", Tgp chi Nghien ciru lich sir, Sd 165 (thang 11, 12), tt 34 - 49 13 Vien Nghien e i u Han Ndm (1981), Tin Idngxd ViitNgm ddu thi ki'XIX, ban djch, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hdi Ha Ndi 14 Pham Thj Thiiy Vinh (2003), Vdn big thdi Li xir Kinh Bdc vd su phdn dnh sinh hogt idngxd, Nxb Van hda Thdng tin, Vien Cao hpe thuc hanh Phap, Vien Nghien cim Han Ndm, Vien Viln Ddng Bac cd  ... nhan quan he giira cac lang tir thoi phong kien den nliung nam gan day qua tu lieu chinh sii' va tai lieu dien da o mgt so dia phuong 1, Quan he giu'a cac lang thoi phong kien /./ Nhirng quan. .. chat cdng; ben thang dudi den luy tte rot quay ve Nhieu ngudi hi thuang ttong cac cugc nem quan, danh quan nay, song hdm sau dan hai lang lai ddi xu vdi binh thudng nhu khong cd chuyen gi xay (Huyen... sgng tim mgi each (dua vao quan tren la ngudi lang, bdi Id quantten,mua them suit dinh cho "du tieu chuin") dl du-gc tach xa (Bui Xuan Dinh, 2000) ,Q BuiXudnDinh^ Quan he gifra cae lang tu-