Clarks River Herp Survey-Final Report

Survey of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge in Marshall, McCracken, and Graves Counties, Kentucky Prepared by: John B Hewlett, Emma Fehlker Campbell, and Howard H Whiteman Department of Biological Sciences and Watershed Studies Institute Murray State University Final Report for: U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System Inventory and Monitoring Branch January 2019-December 2020 Top Left: Crawfish frog (Lithobates areolatus ) habitat, Bottom Left: Clarks River, Benton Kentucky Right top to bottom: Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorous), Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina), and Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea) Images by J.B Hewlett i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Clarks River is the largest tributary of the Tennessee River located in Kentucky and contains large expanses of bottomland hardwood and the largest tracts of xerohydric flatwoods remaining in the region Because of these and other unique habitats, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) established the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge (CRNWR) in 1997 The Jackson Purchase region, where CRNWR resides, is one of the most biologically diverse regions in the state of Kentucky, including 87 species of amphibians and reptiles Nineteen of these species are considered endangered, threatened, or of special concern at the state level and could be present on CRNWR, with an additional 16 species considered Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources To better understand the herpetofaunal diversity of CRNWR, and to identify the specific locations of amphibians and reptiles species that are of conservation concern, we: 1) created a list of herpetofauna likely to be found on the CRNWR; 2) conducted surveys to determine herpetological diversity of CRNWR; 3) determined herpetofauna diversity in unique or significant habitats such as the xerohydric flatwoods; and 4) established a credible species list and created recommendations for future monitoring and conservation of the herpetofaunal community We used methods including live trapping, dip netting, transects, road cruising and the placement of artificial cover Nineteen sites were chosen based on accessibility, habitat type, and the potential presence of unique species, and sampling was conducted during February 2019 to October 2019 and February 2020 to May 2020 We captured or observed 43 species in 14 families, which is 49% of the reptile and amphibian species historically found in the Jackson Purchase We captured the most individuals at Bryant Ford 4, and the most species at Bryant Ford 3, both of which include xerohydric flatwoods, suggesting the importance of this unique habitat type Two species, the Eastern Narrowmouthed Toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis), and River Cooter (Pseudemys concinna), were observed for the first time at CRNWR during this project Additionally, we detected the presence of a species that was not on the original species list, the Plain-Bellied Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster) Ten SGCN and three species that Species of Special Concern were detected, and we provide detailed information for each of these species The detection and known locations of these species will be beneficial for future conservation and management efforts on CRNWR This project has provided valuable insight into the current herpetofaunal diversity of CRNWR, as well as a better understanding of the most valuable habitat types within CRNWR that support herpetofaunal diversity, particularly those of greatest conservation need In the future we ii recommend more frequent sampling of herpetofauna, particularly those species and habitats that will require the most extensive conservation and/or management ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Michael Johnson and Kimberly Sykes (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for their logistical and moral support and patience during this project We thank Dr Andrea K Darracq, Dr Lucas J Kirschman, Jodi Miller, Jacob Pease, Brendan Calhoun and Katie Modic for field support during this project We also thank Gerry Harris and Debbie Plummer, for logistical support at Murray State University iii Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii INTRODUCTION .1 OBJECTIVES METHODS COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF HERPETOFAUNA SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED AND SPECIAL CONCERN 13 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 LITERATURE CITED 18 APPENDIX I…………………………………………………………………… 20 iv INTRODUCTION The Clarks River is the largest tributary of the Tennessee River located in Kentucky It travels north from Henry County Tennessee to McCracken County Kentucky The east fork of the Clarks River is unchannelized and is the only tributary of the Tennessee River that does not contain locks and dams The area contains some of the largest expanses of bottomland hardwood in Kentucky Additionally, the Clarks River watershed holds the largest tracts of xerohydric flatwoods remaining in the area and is potentially one of the most important localities of xerohydric flatwoods in Kentucky (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012) Because of the wealth of unique habitat, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) established the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge (CRNWR) in 1997 The refuge encompasses 8634 acres in Marshall, Graves, and McCracken Counties in western Kentucky Additionally, USFWS has proposed an expansion to the existing refuge targeting the west fork of the Clarks River This expansion would add an additional 40 miles of river, connecting to Kahler Bottoms Wildlife Management Area (WMA) and protecting approximately 18% of Kentucky’s remaining wetlands In 2012, A comprehensive conservation and land protection plan was created for the CRNWR (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012) The Jackson Purchase region of Western Kentucky is one of the most biologically diverse regions for aquatic and terrestrial organisms in the state of Kentucky, which includes 87 species of amphibians and reptiles While the majority of the amphibians and reptile species found in western Kentucky are common, there are 19 species considered endangered, threatened, or of special concern at the state level that are expected to be found on CRNWR (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012) These species include 3-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma tridactylum), Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), Three-lined Salamander (Eurycea guttolineata), Northern Crawfish Frog (Lithobates areolatus), Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineata ), Coal Skink (Plestiodon anthracinus), Southeastern Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon inexpectatus), Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea), Kirtland’s Snake (Clonophis kirtlandii), Mud Snake (Farancia abacura), Scarlet Kingsnake (Lampropeltis elapsoides), Mississippi Green Watersnake (Nerodia cyclopion), Broad-Banded Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata confluens), Pine Snake (Pituophis melanoleucus), Pigmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius), Southeastern Crowned Snake (Tantilla coronata), Western Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis proximus), Eastern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus), and Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) (Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (KSNPC), 2019; U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012) An additional 16 species are considered Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources These are the Mole Salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum), Spotted Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus conanti), Four-toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum), Lesser Siren (Siren intermedia), Bird-voiced Treefrog (Hyla avivoca), Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea), Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus), Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvatica), Eastern Spadefoot (Scaphiopus holbrookii), Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), Copper-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta), Diamondback Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer), Smooth Softshell Turtle (Apalone mutica), Mississippi Map Turtle (Graptemys kokohnii), False Map Turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica), and Mud Turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, 2013; U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012) Two species that may possibly be found on the refuge have been recently petitioned for protection under the Endangered Species Act: the Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), and Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2020) In should be noted, that with regards to C alleganiensis the CRNWR is within its historic range but there have been no documented occurrences there OBJECTIVES To better understand the herpetofaunal diversity of CRNWR, and potentially identify the specific locations of amphibians and reptiles species that are of conservation concern, we had the following objectives: Compile a list of herpetofauna likely to be found on the CRNWR Conduct herpetological surveys to determine species diversity of CRNWR Assess herpetofauna diversity in unique or significant habitats such as the xerohydric flatwoods Establish a credible species list, expand upon the current data set of known species, and provide recommendations for future monitoring and conservation of the herpetofaunal community within the CRNWR METHODS To assess the diversity of amphibians and reptiles within the CRNWR we used methods including live trapping, dip netting, transect surveys, road cruising and the placement of artificial cover A focus was placed on herpetofauna of the xerohydric flatwoods (Figure 1A) and sites were chosen based on accessibility, habitat type, and the potential presence of unique species Field sampling was conducted during February 2019 to October 2019, and February 2020 to May 2020 Each site (Figure 2) was sampled extensively Minnow and turtle traps were placed within wetlands and coverboards were placed in all habitat types following a thorough aerial survey in the spring of 2019 (Figure 1C) Dip netting was used in both ponds and wadable streams For anurans, calls were used to identify certain species Road cruising and frog call identification were used on nights when conditions permitted Specimens were recorded along with GPS Coordinates, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure data and compiled into a spreadsheet Photo vouchers were taken if possible No live specimens were euthanized and preserved during this survey C A D B E Figure A Example of xerohydric flatwoods (Photo: Kimberly Sykes), B Example of Cypress Swamp (Photo: Emma Fehlker Campbell), C Aerial image of wetland, McCracken Co Kentucky, D Clarks River, Benton Kentucky, E Gravel bottom stream, CRNWR (Photos: John B Hewlett) Our surveys focused on xerohydric flatwoods (Figure 1A, 2) This habitat type is characterized by an alternating hydrological pattern of very wet in the winter and spring, to very dry in the summer and fall This creates a unique plant community consisting of plants typically found in dry upland communities and those found in wetlands Xerohydric flatwood communities are currently classified as endangered by the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (KSNPC), 2019) Other important community types monitored within the refuge include bottomland hardwood forests, cypress swamps, upland forests, and rivers (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012) Bottomland hardwood forests are classified as a state community of concern (Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (KSNPC), 2019) They are characterized by seasonally flooded but well drained soils Bottomland hardwood forests make up the largest area of any community on the refuge Bald cypress swamps (Figure 1B) occur in permanently flooded areas where soils are deep and poorly drained Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) is the most common plant species found in this community (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012) Several sites monitored were located in upland forest communities These sites include the Milliken Mill, Happy Hollow, and Bunkhouse (Table 2) Other community types located on the refuge include wet flatwoods, bottomland hardwood swamps, open swamps, shrub swamps, ponds, streams, and open lands (Figure 1) Figure Sites sampled for reptiles and amphibians within Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge between February 2019 to October 2019, and February 2020 to May 2020 Site numbers correspond to Table Table Location and habitat information about the 19 sites surveyed Site numbers correspond to the site number found in Figure Habitat type: BH= Bottomland Hardwood Forest, BCS= Bald Cypress Slough, F= Field, P= Pond, R= River, UH= Upland Hardwood, WL= Wetland, XF= Xerohydric Flatwoods Site Name County Latitude Longitude Habitat type West Fork McCracken 36.964216 -88.52067 BH, WL, P West Fork McCracken 36.963607 -88.524092 BH, WL, P West Fork McCracken 36.958488 -88.525027 BH, WL, P Bryant Ford McCracken 36.952251 -88.490979 XF, WL Bryant Ford McCracken 36.943681 -88.488772 XF, WL Bryant Ford Graves 36.940945 -88.484162 F Bryant Ford Marshall 36.936321 -88.483239 WL Sharpe Elva Marshall 36.935605 -88.466129 XF Dunn’s Slough Marshall 36.92729 -88.456724 XF, F 10 Dunn’s Slough Marshall 36.930245 -88.455261 BCS 11 Dunn’s Slough Marshall 36.931591 -88.448974 BH, WL, P 12 Milliken Lane Marshall 36.914384 -88.412964 BH, WL 13 Tucker Lane Marshall 36.894838 -88.378679 BH, R 14 Happy Hollow Marshall 36.89115 -88.354024 UH, P 15 Happy Hollow Marshall 36.894471 -88.350559 UH 16 Bunkhouse Marshall 36.883411 -88.335874 UH, WL, F 17 Eggner’s Ferry Marshall 36.860344 -88.316363 BH, R 18 Eggner’s Ferry Marshall 36.856773 -88.317007 BH, R 19 Dogtown Marshall 36.82046 -88.304593 BH Our sampling of the Clarks River National Wildlife refuge detected the presence of half (49%) of the species expected to be found in the Jackson Purchase area Two species, Eastern Narrowmouthed Toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis), and River Cooter (Pseudemys concinna) were collected for the first time in CRNWR The Eastern Narrow-mouthed toad is found within the southern and western regions of Kentucky In the past, there have been numerous (N = 23) documented sightings of the Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad in Marshall, Graves, and McCracken counties There have been both historical (greater than 10 years; 15/23 sightings) and recent (less than ten years; 8/23) confirmed sightings A single individual was found during this study at the Dogtown site CRNWR fits well within the range of the Narrow-mouthed toad (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, 2013), and it is probable that more individuals will be located within refuge boundaries The River Cooter has historically been found in south-central and western Kentucky within the watersheds of the Cumberland, Green and Tennessee Rivers (Rhodin et al., 2008) There have been multiple (20) confirmed sightings of River Cooters previously in Marshall, Graves and McCracken counties The majority of these (16/20) have been historical, but the four sightings in Marshall County have taken place within the past 10 years (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, n.d.) A single individual was found within the study at Bryant Ford CRNWR is well within the range of the River Cooter It is very likely that there will be more occurrences of the River Cooter within the refuge In addition to the 42 species that were expected to be on the refuge, we detected the presence of a species that was not on the original species list, the Plain-Bellied Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster) We detected three individuals within the refuge at the Dunn’s Slough 2, Dunn’s Slough 3, and Dogtown sites The list of expected species was taken from the CRNWR Comprehensive Conservation Plan (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012); N erythrogaster may have been inadvertently left off of this list when it was created SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED AND SPECIAL CONCERN Sampling within the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge detected ten Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) recognized by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) and three species that are state listed as a Species of Special Concern by the Kentucky State Nature Preserve Commission The following accounts are detection summaries during the sampling period, in alphabetical (Latin) order: Agkistrodon piscivorous (Lacepede) Cottonmouth- The Cottonmouth can be found in small, disjointed populations in the Jackson Purchase, Cretaceous hills, and Western Coal Fields regions of western Kentucky (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, 2013) The species is facing declines as a whole and is likely facing declines in Kentucky as well, but often lives at 13 high densities within the state The species is considered a SGCN by KDFWR We detected 43 individuals on CRNWR In March 2019, we detected eight individuals at the Bryant Ford site In July 2019, we detected two individuals: one at the Happy Hollow site, and one at the Bunkhouse site In August 2019, we detected a single individual at the Eggner’s Ferry site In March 2020 we detected 32 individuals 29 individuals were located at the Bunkhouse site, and three individuals at the Happy Hollow site Ambystoma talpoideum (Holbrook) Mole Salamander- In Kentucky, the mole salamander is considered a SGCN by KDFWR The species can be found throughout western Kentucky, including the Jackson Purchase Area It is likely that populations in the Jackson Purchase Region are declining (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, n.d.) In this this survey, we detected seven individuals In March 2019 we detected a single individual at the Bryant Ford site In April 2019 we detected a single individual at the Sharpe Elva site In June 2019 we detected a single individual at the Bryant Ford site A single individual was detected in August 2019 at the Bryant Ford site In September 2019, two individuals were detected at the Sharpe Elva site One individual was detected in February 2020 at the Bryant Ford site Farancia abacura (Holbrook) Mud Snake- In Kentucky, the Western Mud Snake is state-listed as a species of special concern and a SGCN by KDFWR The Western Mud Snake is located in the Jackson Purchase area, with a localized population in the Western Coal Fields region Some of the best habitat for the Western Mud Snake is located in Marshall and Graves County near CRNWR In this survey, three individuals were detected on the refuge In July 2019, one individual was detected dead on the road in the Bryant Ford location In April 2020, one individual was found at the Bryant Ford site, and in May 2019 one individual was detected at the Bryant Ford site Hyla cinerea (Schneider) Green Treefrog- The Green Treefrog is considered a SGCN by KDFWR In recent years, populations have been increasing range wide, as well as in Kentucky (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, n.d.) Populations are found in the Jackson Purchase region and along the Ohio River in western Kentucky We detected nine individuals on the refuge during the survey period In June 2019, one individual was detected at the Eggner’s Ferry site, one individual was detected at the West Fork site, one was detected in the Bryant Ford site, one was detected at the Dunn’s Slough site, and two were detected at the Dunn’s Slough site In July 2019, a single individual was detected in the Dogtown site, and in April 2020, a single individual was detected in the Happy Hollow site Kinosternon subrubrum (Lac) Eastern Mud Turtle- The species is located in the Jackson Purchase region and further east in the Western Coal Fields region In Kentucky, the species is considered a SGCN by KDFWR The species is facing population declines in the state (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, n.d.) Key habitat for the Eastern Mud Turtle can be 14 found in both Marshall and McCracken counties We detected two individuals on the refuge in July 2019, both at the Bryant Ford site Lithobates areolatus (Rice and Davis) Northern Crawfish frog- In Kentucky, the Northern Crawfish Frog is state-listed as a species of Special Concern and considered a SGCN by KDFWR The species is facing declines across the entire range In recent history, Northern Crawfish frogs have been found only in the Jackson purchase region of Kentucky Key habitat for the species is found in both Marshall and McCracken counties In this survey we detected five individuals within the refuge One individual was detected in March 2019 in the Sharpe Elva site In March 2020, an additional two individuals were detected at the Sharpe Elva site, as well as an additional two located in the Bryant Ford site While we detected individuals multiple times, the Northern Crawfish frog is by far the rarest species found at the refuge Management for this species would be valuable for the long-term survival of the Northern Crawfish frog Lithobates sphenocephalus (Cope) Southern Leopard Frog- The Southern Leopard frog is considered a SGCN by KDFWR Populations are relatively stable throughout Kentucky, and they can be found throughout southern and western Kentucky Southern Leopard Frogs have been found near CRNWR in recent history In this survey we detected 24 individuals within the refuge In February of 2019 we detected one individual at the West Fork site, and two individuals at the Bryant Ford site In March 2019 we detected two individuals: one at the Bryant Ford site and one at Bryant Ford In April 2019 we detected one individual at Bryant Ford 3, one at Milliken Lane, and one at Happy Hollow In May 2019 three individuals were detected, one at Dunns’s Slough 2, one at Dunn’s Slough 3, and one at the Milliken Lane site In June 2019, we detected eight individuals: two at the Eggner’s Ferry site, two at Dunn’s Slough 2, one at Bryant Ford 2, one at Bryant Ford 4, and one at the Dogtown site In July 2019 we detected one individual at the Bryant Ford site, and one at the Happy Hollow site In August 2019, one individual was found at the Tucker Lane site In September 2019, we detected two individuals at the Happy Hollow site Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta (Forster) Copper-belly Water Snake- In Kentucky, the Copperbelly Water snake is State-listed as a species of special concern and is considered a SGCN by KDFWR The Copper-belly subspecies is more often found in the western Coal Fields region of Kentucky We did not identify to the subspecies level during this survey, but we detected three Plain bellied Watersnakes within the refuge: two in June 2019 at Dunn’s Slough 2, and Dunn’s Slough 3, and one in September 2019 at the Dogtown sites Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Hallowell) Diamondback Water Snake- This species can be found in western Kentucky, in the Jackson Purchase and Western Coal Fields regions Population levels are relatively stable in the Jackson Purchase region The Diamondback Water Snake is currently considered a SGCN by KDFWR In this survey, a single individual was detected in April 2019 at the Bryant Ford site 15 Siren intermedia (Goin) Western Lesser Siren- Western Lesser Siren is considered a SGCN by KDFWR Population trends are currently unknown Western Lesser Siren can be found within the Jackson Purchase and Western coal fields regions of Kentucky A single individual was detected in the survey in July 2019 at the Bryant Ford site One other SGCN requires consideration during this report The Kirtland’s snake (Clonophis kirtlandii) is a state threatened species and KDFWR SGCN (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, 2013) The species has been petitioned under the Endangered Species Act but listing was not warranted for the species at the time (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2017b) While the Kirtland’s snake was not detected in this survey, it is probable that the species could be found on CRNWR in the future, as Kirtland’s snakes have been found nearby in wetlands in the southern part of Graves County Additionally, their cryptic nature makes detection difficult, even when conducting targeted surveys (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2017a) In other regions of the Jackson Purchase C kirtlandii can be found in wet fields adjacent to wetlands (Shupe and Zimmerer, 1998) CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This project has provided valuable insight into the current herpetofaunal diversity of CRNWR, as well as a better understanding of the most valuable habitat types within CRNWR to support herpetofaunal diversity Moreover, this project detected ten SGCN and three Species of Special Concern The detection and known locations of these species will be particularly beneficial for future conservation and management efforts on CRNWR Sampling of herpetofauna on the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge during 2019-2020 detected a total of 43 species in 14 families (Table 1) The four rivers region is known for a variety of habitat types, including upland hardwood, bottomland hardwood, field, pond, creek and river, wetlands and the rare xerohydric flatwoods, all of which contribute to the diverse herpetofaunal assemblage of CRNWR However, we found the highest diversity of herpetofauna in sites that contained xerohydric flatwoods, suggesting the importance of conserving this unique habitat at CRNWR Several species were notably absent during our surveys Calls and specimens of the common Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) were not detected at any site along the CRNWR The birdvoiced tree frog (Hyla avivoca), that can be found in similar habitat in southern Graves County, was also not detected Though the three-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma tridactylum) was found adjacent to the Clarks River refuge and confirmed via photo voucher (JH), after considerable effort no amphiumas were detected within the boundaries of the refuge, however it is highly 16 probable they are present Finally, a common species of turtle, the musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) was not detected within the boundaries of the refuge These detection failures are notable as extensive sampling occurred throughout the active months of all four species A notable species that was not originally listed on the Clarks River species list was the Plainbellied watersnake (Nerodia ethryogaster) which may be of conservation concern as a currently recognized subspecies, the Copperbelly watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) is considered a species of greatest conservation need by KDFWR (Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife, 2013) In the future we recommend the use of more frequent sampling in sensitive habitats and the possible use of molecular techniques such as eDNA to detect rare species The CRNWR habitat is suitable for the Kirtland’s Snake (Clonophis kirtlandii), which has been documented in other parts of Graves County, Kentucky, since the late 1990’s This is a semi-aquatic species and eDNA efforts may prove beneficial in their possible detection The plain-bellied watersnake population should be further evaluated for the presence of copperbelly phenotypes An aerial survey was conducted of the northern part of the Jackson Purchase and adjacent Ohio River watershed in the fall of 2020 revealing that habitat within the Clarks River Watershed is suitable for the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) Finding this turtle within CRNWR would be significant as few individuals have been documented within the Commonwealth Finally, it is important to consider the potential for reptile and amphibian disease prevalence on the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge No amphibian malformations were noted during the survey period but a sampling effort was utilized to detect the presence of the pathogenic fungi Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in snake populations Molecular studies are currently ongoing with respect to samples taken during the survey period, but lesions found on cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) are consistent with the hallmark characteristics of the infection now referred to as Snake Fungal Disease (SFD) We did not assess chytridiomycosis or other amphibian diseases However, the presence of SFS suggests increased reptile and amphibian disease surveillance at the CRNWR is warranted 17 LITERATURE CITED Kentucky's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy 2013 Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, #1 Sportsman's Lane, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 http://fw.ky.gov/WAP/Pages/Default.aspx (Date updated 2/5/2013) Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife (n.d.) Species Information Retrieved December 4, 2020, from http://app.fw.ky.gov/speciesinfo/speciesinfo.asp Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife (2013) Wildlife Action Plan https://fw.ky.gov/WAP/Pages/Wildlife-Action-Plan-Full.aspx Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (KSNPC) (2019) Rare Species & Natural Communities of Kentucky https://eec.ky.gov/NaturePreserves/biodiversity/Documents/Rare_species_of_Kentucky.pdf Powell, R., Conant, R., & Collins, J T (2016) Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition (4th ed edition) Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Rhodin, A., Pritchard, P., van Dijk, P P., & Saumure, R (Eds.) (2008) Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises (First, Vol 5) Chelonian Research Foundation https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5 Shupe, S.; Zimmerer, E 1998 Geographic distribution: Clonophis kirtlandii (Kirtland's Snake) Herpetological Review 29(1): 53 18 U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (2012) Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan (p 254) Southeast Region https://www.fws.gov/southeast/planning/PDFdocuments/ClarksRiverFinalCCP/Final_Cla rks_River_NWR_CCP.pdf U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (2017a) Species status assessment report for Kirtland’s snake (Clonophis kirtlandii) (p 43) https://www.fws.gov/midwest/es/soc/pdf/KirtlandsSnakeSSAReportMarch2017.pdf U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (2017b) Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12Month Findings on Petitions To List 25 Species as Endangered or Threatened Species (82 FR 46618, pp 46618–46645) [Proposed Rule] https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/10/05/2017-21352/endangered-andthreatened-wildlife-and-plants-12-month-findings-on-petitions-to-list-25-species-as U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (2020) THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES IN KENTUCKY (p 7) 19 Appendix I Location information of each individual detected during survey efforts, including date, time, coordinates, and site of each individual occurrence 20 Date 4/5/2019 4/13/2019 5/20/2019 5/23/2019 5/30/2019 6/2/2019 6/6/2019 6/6/2019 6/20/2019 6/20/2019 7/3/2019 5/22/2020 8/3/2019 7/25/2019 7/27/2019 3/26/2020 3/27/2020 3/22/2020 3/18/2019 3/5/2020 2/4/2019 3/18/2019 4/5/2019 9/15/2019 2/24/2020 2/27/2020 2/6/2019 2/6/2019 2/24/2020 3/18/2019 4/5/2019 4/25/2019 4/27/2019 5/2/2019 5/20/2019 6/14/2019 6/14/2019 Species Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris crepitans Acris Crepitans Agkistrodon contortrix Agkistrodon piscivorus Agkistrodon piscivorus Agkistrodon piscivorus Agkistrodon piscivorus (10) Agkistrodon piscivorus (11) Agkistrodon piscivorus (3) Agkistrodon piscivorus (8) Agkistrodon piscivorus (8) Ambystoma maculatum Ambystoma maculatum Ambystoma maculatum Ambystoma maculatum Ambystoma maculatum Ambystoma maculatum Ambystoma maculatum (3) Ambystoma maculatum (3) Ambystoma maculatum (50+) Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Latitude 36.9463323 36.9068348 36.931834 36.914188 36.9345215 36.865967 36.9320749 36.96381 36.860374 36.850928 36.9506114 36.9145705 36.8686896 36.8897952 36.881276 36.882479 36.882479 36.893098 36.88314 36.882479 36.94857 36.94841 36.9463324 36.892548 36.894537 36.892116 36.94781 36.94841 36.945305 36.94587 36.9463322 36.9184085 36.933934 36.917494 36.92686 36.9428101 36.9424923 21 Longitude 88.4888448 88.4113517 -88.453557 -88.413611 88.4646415 -88.33081 88.4541678 88.5241148 -88.317754 -88.307363 88.4890524 88.4527573 88.3296714 88.3564851 -88.342932 176.670088 176.669776 -88.355578 -88.3352 -88.334888 -88.48772 -88.48769 88.4888449 -88.351817 -88.355713 -88.353885 -88.48737 -88.48769 -88.486259 -88.488846 88.4888448 88.4106366 88.4629856 -88.414321 -88.458686 88.4899773 88.4910355 Time 1300-1600 1900-2100 0830-1300 0830-1300 0900-1700 0900-1700 0900-1700 0900-1700 0800-1400 0800-1400 0800-1330 1130 1200-1600 1300-1600 1800-2000 0800-1300 0800-1300 0800-1300 1300-1600 1300-1700 1800-2000 1600-1800 1300-1600 N/A 1800-2200 1800-2200 1800-2000 1800-2000 1800-2200 1600-1800 1300-1600 1800-2200 0900-1700 1700-2100 0830-1300 1100-1200 1100-1200 Area Bryant Ford Milliken Lane Dunns Slough Milliken Lane Happy Hollow Eggners Ferry Dunns Slough Dunns Slough Eggners Ferry Eggners Ferry Bryant Ford Dunns Slough Eggners Ferry Happy Hollow Bunkhouse Bunkhouse Bunkhouse Happy Hollow Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Happy Hollow Happy Hollow Happy Hollow Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Milliken Lane Milliken Lane Milliken Lane Dunns Slough Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Date 9/21/2019 9/21/2019 10/19/2019 3/5/2020 4/9/2020 3/18/2019 4/27/2019 6/6/2019 8/22/2019 9/21/2019 9/21/2019 2/22/2020 2/4/2019 2/4/2019 3/18/2019 3/23/2019 4/5/2019 4/13/2019 4/25/2019 4/25/2019 5/2/2019 5/20/2019 6/27/2019 7/23/2019 7/23/2019 8/22/2019 2/24/2020 3/5/2020 4/9/2020 2/27/2020 2/6/2019 2/24/2020 2/24/2020 4/13/2019 4/25/2019 6/6/2019 6/23/2019 Species Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma opacum Ambystoma talpoideum Ambystoma talpoideum Ambystoma talpoideum Ambystoma talpoideum Ambystoma talpoideum Ambystoma talpoideum Ambystoma talpoideum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma texanum (24) Ambystoma texanum (50+) Ambystoma tigrinum Anaxyrus americanus Anaxyrus americanus Anaxyrus americanus Anaxyrus americanus Latitude 36.940814 36.937015 36.927446 36.947051 36.947051 36.94553 36.9076493 36.9517665 36.952049 36.942461 36.941436 36.94714 36.94935 36.95251 36.9498 36.9268881 36.9463321 36.9089063 36.9339169 36.9172543 36.917494 36.926877 36.928659 36.943095 36.942375 36.94951 36.893242 36.944659 36.946973 36.892322 36.9498 36.945305 36.94539 36.8971178 36.9568984 36.932017 36.819017 22 Longitude -88.462578 -88.463855 -88.444798 -88.488886 -88.488886 -88.48881 88.4091507 88.4900967 -88.489809 -88.461055 -88.460594 -88.491205 -88.48804 -88.48841 -88.488 88.4580909 88.4888448 88.4099885 88.4685834 88.4102537 -88.414321 -88.457763 -88.452936 -88.490034 -88.489465 -88.49356 -88.355616 -88.48762 -88.489316 -88.353531 -88.488 -88.486259 -88.46377 88.3560158 -88.498941 88.4562409 -88.301225 Time 0800-1300 0800-1300 0800-1100 1300-1700 0800-1200 1600-1800 0900-1700 0900-1700 1800-2200 0800-1300 0800-1300 1300-1700 1800-2000 1800-2000 1600-1800 1100-1700 1300-1600 1900-2100 1800-2200 1800-2200 1700-2100 0830-1300 1400-2200 0800-1400 0800-1400 1800-2200 1800-2200 1300-1700 0800-1200 1800-2200 1800-2000 1800-2200 1800-2200 1900-2100 1800-2200 0900-1700 0830-1300 Area Sharpe Elva Sharpe Elva Dunns Slough Bunkhouse Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Dogtown West Fork Bryant Ford Sharpe Elva Sharpe Elva Bryant Ford Bryant Ford West Fork Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Milliken Lane Milliken Lane Sharpe Elva Milliken Lane Dunns Slough Dunns Slough Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Sharpe Elva Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Happy Hollow Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Happy Hollow Milliken Lane Bryant Ford West Fork Dogtown Date 7/21/2019 3/9/2019 4/13/2019 4/25/2019 5/2/2019 5/23/2019 6/6/2019 7/7/2019 9/28/2019 6/15/2019 8/22/2019 5/30/2019 8/10/2019 4/9/2020 3/27/2020 8/4/2019 4/11/2020 5/10/2019 5/30/2019 6/7/2019 9/15/2019 9/28/2019 4/11/2020 4/2/2020 5/20/2020 7/23/2019 9/28/2019 4/25/2019 5/2/2019 5/20/2019 7/1/2019 8/22/2019 6/2/2019 6/6/2019 6/6/2019 6/6/2019 6/6/2019 Species Anaxyrus americanus Anaxyrus fowleri Anaxyrus fowleri Anaxyrus fowleri Anaxyrus fowleri Anaxyrus fowleri Anaxyrus fowleri Anaxyrus fowleri Anaxyrus fowleri Apalone spinifera spinifera Carphophis ameonus Chelydra serpentina Chelydra serpentina Chelydra serpentina Chelydra serpentina Chrysemys picta marginata Coluber constrictor priapus Diadophis punctatus Diadophis punctatus Diadophis punctatus Diadophis punctatus Diadophis punctatus Eurycea longicauda Farancia abacura Farancia abacura Farancia abacura Gastrophryne carolinensis Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla cinerea Hyla cinerea Hyla cinerea Hyla cinerea Hyla cinerea Latitude 36.857959 36.9289 36.8992309 36.9140311 36.916515 36.911168 36.963357 36.891893 36.825021 36.857366 36.952102 36.945438 36.897375 36.94949 36.883036 36.9508655 36.9344416 36.891781 36.8909595 36.9195529 36.892119 36.821908 36.9344419 36.94369 36.95235 36.943447 36.858495 36.9389516 36.919126 36.930342 36.815635 36.948044 36.865992 36.9325533 36.9318691 36.9630047 36.9513593 23 Longitude -88.314782 -88.47502 88.4156091 88.4103305 -88.412076 -88.410753 88.5234409 -88.354802 -88.308568 -88.315705 -88.488956 88.4863694 -88.378351 -88.488274 -88.339475 88.4816062 88.4709551 -88.353049 -88.353989 88.413188 -88.35466 -88.301156 88.4709551 -88.485 -88.4886 -88.484787 -88.312898 88.4672188 -88.411308 -88.455295 -88.296873 -88.487616 -88.331329 88.4554114 88.4540284 88.5239898 88.4874574 Time 1800 1800-2000 1900-2100 1800-2200 1700-2100 0830-1300 0900-1700 1700-1801 0800-1400 1630 1800-2200 0900-1700 0800-1231 0800-1200 0800-1300 1200-1600 1700 1000-1200 0900-1700 0900-1100 N/A 0800-1400 1345 0800-1700 0800-1100 0800-1400 0800-1400 1800-2200 1700-2100 0830-1300 2000 1800-2200 0900-1700 0900-1700 0900-1700 0900-1700 0900-1700 Area Eggners Ferry Sharpe Elva N/A Sharpe Elva Milliken Lane Milliken Lane Dunns Slough Happy Hollow Dogtown Eggners Ferry Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Tucker Lane Bryant Ford Bunkhouse Bryant Ford Sharpe Elva Happy Hollow Sharpe Elva Miliken Lane Happy Hollow Dogtown Sharpe Elva Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Dogtown Milliken Lane Milliken Lane Dunns Slough Dogtown Bryant Ford Eggners Ferry Bryant Ford Dunns Slough Dunns Slough Dunns Slough Date 6/7/2019 6/27/2019 7/1/2019 4/2/2020 7/3/2019 7/23/2019 7/16/2019 4/9/2020 9/28/2019 3/20/2019 3/12/2020 3/12/2020 3/12/2020 3/12/2020 2/6/2019 2/6/2019 2/6/2019 3/9/2019 4/5/2019 5/30/2019 6/5/2019 6/6/2019 6/6/2019 6/6/2019 6/7/2019 7/18/2019 8/10/2019 2/4/2019 6/14/2019 6/27/2019 2/4/2019 3/9/2019 3/20/2019 4/5/2019 4/13/2019 4/27/2019 5/17/2019 Species Hyla cinerea Hyla cinerea Hyla cinerea Hyla cinerea Kinosternon subrubrum Kinosternon subrubrum Lampropeltis calligaster Lampropeltis getula nigra Lampropeltis getula nigra Lithobates areolatus Lithobates areolatus Lithobates areolatus Lithobates areolatus Lithobates areolatus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates catesbeianus Lithobates clamitans Lithobates clamitans Lithobates clamitans Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Latitude 36.9195526 36.932449 36.813745 36.890935 36.9399179 36.942015 36.883399 36.939071 36.816065 36.93546 36.928829 36.93033 36.930296 36.933083 36.94501 36.94585 36.94711 36.93113 36.9463321 36.941411 36.9407829 36.9299242 36.963488 36.9522467 36.9195528 36.881978 36.894655 36.94858 36.9428101 36.931514 36.9625 36.9382 36.949351 36.9463324 36.8927719 36.9049255 36.9315 24 Longitude 88.413189 -88.453527 -88.293011 -88.353943 88.4837905 -88.483843 -88.339572 -88.483251 -88.297903 -88.47091 -88.471367 -88.471163 -88.475851 -88.477643 -88.48602 -88.4865 -88.48711 -88.469784 88.4888448 88.4882661 88.4854897 88.4543066 -88.524267 88.4886859 88.413189 -88.335628 -88.378587 -88.48772 88.4899773 -88.459299 -88.51865 -88.48266 -88.48803 88.4888448 36.8927719 88.4077023 -88.4538 Time 0900-1100 1400-2200 2000 0800-1700 0800-1330 0800-1400 0800-1730 0800-1200 0800-1400 1800-2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1800-2000 1800-2000 1800-2000 1800-2002 1300-1600 0900-1700 1800-2200 0900-1700 0900-1700 0900-1700 0900-1100 0800-1200 0800-1230 1800-2000 1100-1200 1400-2200 1800-2000 1800-2000 1800-2000 1300-1600 1900-2100 0900-1700 1100 Area Miliken Lane Sharpe Elva Dogtown Happy Hollow Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Milliken Lane Bryant Ford Dogtown Sharpe Elva Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Sharpe Elva Sharpe Elva Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Sharpe Elva Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Dunns Slough West Fork Miliken Lane Bunkhouse Tucker Lane Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Dunns Slough Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Happy Hollow Milliken Lane Dunns Slough Date 5/20/2019 5/23/2019 6/2/2019 6/5/2019 6/6/2019 6/7/2019 6/14/2019 6/20/2019 6/23/2019 6/27/2019 7/3/2019 7/27/2019 8/10/2019 9/15/2019 9/15/2019 2/6/2019 9/28/2019 6/6/2019 6/6/2019 4/25/2019 7/16/2019 6/7/2019 6/9/2019 6/9/2019 6/9/2019 5/17/2019 6/27/2019 4/5/2019 5/22/2020 4/2/2020 8/4/2019 3/30/2019 3/30/2019 9/15/2019 2/4/2019 2/4/2019 2/4/2019 Species Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sphenocephalus (2) Nerodia erythrogaster Nerodia ethryogaster Nerodia ethryogaster Nerodia rhombifer Nerodia sipdeon pleuralis Nerodia Sipedon Nerodia Sipedon Nerodia Sipedon Nerodia Sipedon Nerodia sipedon pleuralis Nerodia sipedon pleuralis Notophthalmus viridescens Opheodrys aestivus Pantherophis spiloides Pantherophis spiloides Plestiodon fasciatus Plethodon glutinosus Plethodon glutinosus Pseudacris feriarum Pseudacris feriarum Pseudacris feriarum Latitude 36.928026 36.913698 36.866804 36.9407995 36.9323151 36.9195531 36.9517464 36.858743 36.815719 36.932029 36.9506117 36.892812 36.894192 36.891759 36.89157 36.94424 36.82448 36.9301643 36.9276241 36.9424877 36.908027 36.9150157 36.85974 36.860638 36.859576 36.8541 36.934396 36.9463324 36.9634612 36.890575 36.898208 36.8907289 36.8907289 36.896057 36.95579 36.9575 36.95724 25 Longitude -88.45772 -88.411672 -88.330453 88.486969 88.4540606 88.413189 88.4912843 -88.315222 -88.299273 -88.459717 88.4890527 -88.355037 -88.37865 -88.353834 -88.356806 -88.48547 -88.304287 88.4562057 88.4616328 88.4842592 -88.409771 88.413525 -88.315593 -88.316818 -88.314981 -88.3347 -88.462142 88.4888449 -88.49835 -88.35375 -88.378961 88.3540936 88.3540936 88.355507 -88.50094 -88.49666 -88.51006 Time 0830-1300 0830-1300 0900-1700 1800-2200 0900-1700 0900-1100 1100-1200 0800-1400 0830-1300 1400-2200 0800-1330 1800-2000 0800-1232 N/A N/A 1800-2000 0800-1400 0900-1700 0900-1700 1800-2200 0800-1730 0900-1100 1200-1600 1200-1600 1200-1600 1100 1400-2200 1300-1600 1600 0800-1700 1200-1600 1200-1700 1200-1700 N/A 1800-2000 1800-2000 1800-2000 Area Dunns Slough Milliken Lane Eggners Ferry Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Miliken Lane Bryant Ford Eggners Ferry Dogtown Dunns Slough Bryant Ford Sharpe Elva Tucker Lane Happy Hollow Happy Hollow Bryant Ford Dogtown Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Milliken Lane Miliken Lane Eggners Ferry Eggners Ferry Eggners Ferry Eggners Ferry Dunns Slough Bryant Ford Bryant Fork Happy Hollow Tucker Lane Happy Hollow Happy Hollow Happy Hollow Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Date 2/6/2019 2/24/2019 9/28/2019 2/22/2020 7/3/2019 3/18/2019 7/11/2019 6/6/2019 4/25/2019 5/2/2019 6/23/2019 7/16/2019 7/18/2019 3/23/2019 5/10/2019 5/20/2019 5/30/2019 5/30/2019 7/3/2019 7/5/2019 7/16/2019 7/25/2019 8/4/2019 7/27/2019 3/18/2019 4/27/2019 5/23/2019 5/30/2019 6/6/2019 6/9/2019 6/9/2019 6/20/2019 7/7/2019 7/16/2019 7/16/2019 7/23/2019 7/23/2019 Species Pseudacris feriarum Pseudacris feriarum Pseudacris feriarum Pseudacris feriarum Pseudemys concinna Scincella lateralis Siren intermedia Stereria dekayi Storeria dekayi wrightorum Storeria dekayi wrightorum Storeria dekayi wrightorum Storeria dekayi wrightorum Storeria dekayi wrightorum Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Terrapene carolina carolina Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalus Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Latitude 36.9575 36.93604 36.826674 -88.491205 36.9614927 36.935691 36.93459 36.9515393 36.9216468 36.914393 36.817136 36.91163 36.881841 36.9448131 36.891797 36.929604 36.9344223 36.8899325 36.9579483 36.890528 36.884309 36.8897826, 36.9312548 36.932222 36.94715 36.8230058 36.912556 36.8905093 36.9520023 36.860066 36.859985 36.86219 36.891232 36.908584 36.906088 36.942615 36.942469 26 Longitude -88.49666 -88.48415 -88.304963 -88.526053 88.4943688 -88.483271 -88.476556 88.4886966 88.4104066 -88.412892 -88.300957 -88.409653 -88.335478 88.4844456 -88.352272 -88.456433 88.4660416 -88.354786 88.4990627 -88.355285 -88.341986 88.3569612 88.4592939 -88.468745 -88.48724 88.3047038 -88.411774 88.3548379 88.4887985 -88.318757 -88.316512 -88.319692 -88.354555 -88.410265 -88.408205 -88.49027 -88.490023 Time 1800-2000 1800-2000 0800-1400 1300-1700 0800-1330 1600-1800 0900-1200 0900-1700 1800-2200 1700-2100 0830-1300 0800-1730 0800-1200 1100-1700 1000-1200 0830-1300 0900-1700 0900-1700 0800-1330 1000 0800-1730 1300-1600 1200-1600 1800-2001 1300-1600 0900-1700 0830-1300 0900-1700 0900-1700 1200-1600 1200-1600 0800-1400 1700-1800 0800-1730 0800-1730 0800-1400 0800-1400 Area Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Dogtown N/A Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Dunns Slough Milliken Lane Milliken Lane Dogtown Milliken Lane Bunkhouse Dunns Slough Happy Hollow Dunns Slough Happy Hollow Sharpe Elva Bryant Ford Happy Hollow Milliken Lane Happy Hollow Dunns Slough Happy Hollow Bryant Ford Sharpe Elva Milliken Lane Happy Hollow West Fork Eggners Ferry Eggners Ferry Eggners Ferry Happy Hollow Bunkhouse Bunkhouse Bryant Ford Bryant Ford Date 7/25/2019 9/15/2019 9/28/2019 7/25/2019 Species Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans Trachemys scripta elegans (8) Latitude 36.8605072 36.894444 36.824819 36.8614145 27 Longitude 88.3200329 -88.355604 -88.304276 88.3244415 Time 1300-1600 N/A 0800-1400 1300-1600 Area Eggners Ferry Happy Hollow Dogtown Eggners Ferry ... The Clarks River is the largest tributary of the Tennessee River located in Kentucky It travels north from Henry County Tennessee to McCracken County Kentucky The east fork of the Clarks River. .. efforts on CRNWR Sampling of herpetofauna on the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge during 2019-2020 detected a total of 43 species in 14 families (Table 1) The four rivers region is known for... https://www.fws.gov/southeast/planning/PDFdocuments/ClarksRiverFinalCCP/Final_Cla rks _River_ NWR_CCP.pdf U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (2017a) Species status assessment report for Kirtland’s snake (Clonophis