An Analysis of State and Trait Anxiety Experienced in Sports Comp

Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1971 An Analysis of State and Trait Anxiety Experienced in Sports Competition by Women at Different Age Levels Mary Roland Griffin Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Griffin, Mary Roland, "An Analysis of State and Trait Anxiety Experienced in Sports Competition by Women at Different Age Levels." (1971) LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses 2054 https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2054 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons For more information, please contact gradetd@lsu.edu 72-3490 GRIFFIN, Mary Roland, 1929AN ANALYSIS OF STATE AND TRAIT ANXIETY EXPERIENCED IN SPORTS COMPETITION BY WOMEN AT DIFFERENT AGE LEVELS The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ed.D., 1971 Education, physical University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED AN ANALYSIS OF STATE AND TRAIT ANXIETY EXPERIENCED IN SPORTS COMPETITION BY WOMEN AT DIFFERENT AGE LEVELS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education m The Department of Health# Physical, and Recreation Education by Mary Roland Griffin B.S., Winthrop College, 1950 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1961 August, 1971 PLEASE NOTE: Some Pages have i n d i s t i n c t p rin t F i l m ed as r e c e i v e d UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express sincere appreciation to her major professor Dr Helen Fant, for her untiring assistance, experience, guidance and continued encouragement throughout this study Appreciation is also extended to Dr Mary Louise Life and Dr Ralph Steben, other members of this committee who gave of their time and most helpful suggestions Grati­ tude is extended to Dr Jack Nelson and Dr Barton Farthing for their help in the statistical and technical procedures Special indebtedness is extended to Dr Charles Spielberger of Florida State University, for his permission to use the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory The author extends gratitude to those many coaches and participants whose cooperation and willingness made the collection of data for this study possible TABLE OP CONTENTS Page LIST OP TABLES vi LIST OF F I G U R E S vii Chapter INTRODUCTION STATEMENT OF THE P R O B L E M PURPOSE OP THE S T U D Y NEED FOR THE S T U D Y LIMITATIONS OF THE S T U D Y DELIMITATIONS OF THE S T U D Y 10 DEFINITION OF T E R M S 10 BASIC A S S U M P T I O N S 12 H Y P O T H E S E S 12 REVIEW OF THE RELATED L I T E R A T U R E 13 STUDIES DEALING WITH ANXIETY 13 STUDIES RELATING TO COMPETITIVE SPORTS AND A N X I E T Y 17 STUDIES RELATING TO ANXIETY OF WOMEN PARTICIPANTS IN COMPETITIVESPORTS 24 STUDIES RELATING TO ANXIETY AS MEASURED BY THE SPIELBERGER ANXIETY INVENTORY - 27 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE R E V I E W E D 30 P R O C E D U R E 32 O V E R V I E W 32 ã ã ô Chapter 4- Page SELECTION OF S U B J E C T S 32 SELECTION OF S P O R T S 33 SELECTION OF COMPETITIVE EVENTS 34 SELECTION OF T E S T S 36 ADMINISTRATION OF T E S T S 41 ANALYSIS OF D A T A 43 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF D A T A 45 I N T R O D U C T I O N 45 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENCES OF STATE ANXIETY SCALE S C O R E S 45 Differences in State Anxiety Scores by Age G r o u p s 46 Differences in State Anxiety Scores Among S p o r t s 48 Differences in State Anxiety Scores Among Sports by Age G r o u p s 49 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENCES OF TRAIT ANXIETY SCALE SCORES 53 Differences in Trait Anxiety Scores by Age G r o u p s 53 Differences in Trait Anxiety Scores Among S p o r t s 55 Differences in Trait Anxiety Scores Among Sports by Age G r o u p s 56 COMPARISON OF TRAIT AND STATE ANXIETY S C O R E S 58 Comparison of Trait and State Anxiety Scores by Age G r o u p s 58 Comparison of Trait and State Anxiety Scores by S p o r t s 60 iv Chapter Page Comparison of Trait and State Anxiety Scores Among Sports by Age Groups 60 SUMMARY# FINDINGS, DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS AND C O N C L U S I O N S 64 S U M M A R Y 64 F I N D I N G S 65 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 67 State Anxiety S c o r e s 67 Trait Anxiety S c o r e s 69 Comparisons of Trait and State Anxiety S c o r e s 71 CON C L U S I O N S 72 BIBLIOGRAPHY 74 A P P E N D I C E S 81 V I T A 100 SELECTED v LIST OP TABLES Table Page Numbers of Women Participants in Three Age Groups and Eight Competitive Sports E v e n t s Competitive Sports Events from Which Subjects Were Selected for Analysis of Anxiety Levels of Women at Three Age G r o u p s 37 Analysis of Variance of State Anxiety Scores of Women of Three Age Groups in Eight Com­ petitive S p o r t s 46 State Anxiety Mean Scores of Women in Three Age Groups Who Competed in Eight Selected S p o r t s 6- 48 State Anxiety Mean Scores of Women Who com­ peted in Eight Competitive Sports 49 State Anxiety Scores of Women in Three Age Groups and Eight Competitive Sports 51 Analysis of Variance of Trait Anxiety Scores of Women of Three Age Groups in Eight Com­ petitive S p o r t s 54 Trait Anxiety Mean Scores of Women of Three Age Groups Who Competed in Eight Selected S p o r t s 10 35 54 Trait Anxiety Mean Scores of Women in Eight Competitive Sports 55 Trait Anxiety Scores of Women of Three Age Groups and Eight Competitive Sports 57 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Differences in State Anxiety Means of Women Participants in Competitive Sports in Three Age Groups 47 State Anxiety Mean Scores of Women in Eight Competitive Sports 50 Comparisons of State and Trait Anxiety Mean Scores of Women in Three Age Groups En­ gaged in Competitive Sports 59 A Comparison of Trait and State Anxiety Mean Scores Experienced by Women in Eight Com­ petitive S p o r t s 61 Comparisons of Directional Changes in State and Trait Anxiety Mean Scores of Women at Three Age Groups in Eight Competitive Sports 62 vii APPENDIX C RAW SCORES OF SUBJECTS ON STAI SCALES GYMNASTICS Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 56 55 47 54 49 42 51 45 45 48 44 51 50 49 54 53 41 50 Trait 52 28 41 49 45 33 39 26 26 45 46 42 42 35 50 37 32 29 15 and 16 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 57 62 46 60 54 50 54 64 53 60 50 52 48 56 46 36 36 55 Trait 33 35 47 49 49 36 53 52 42 48 40 48 42 49 41 31 30 39 19 and up Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 55 50 58 38 60 53 50 53 57 65 41 57 39 49 43 54 57 47 51 50 Trait 46 35 37 44 45 42 39 34 41 39 34 35 35 40 39 44 38 38 41 46 co SWIMMING Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 38 47 57 51 53 53 40 33 50 31 41 45 34 42 48 53 64 47 42 Trait 39 40 59 50 40 39 38 24 65 36 37 42 28 28 52 38 52 30 34 15 and 16 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 43 48 57 44 40 63 62 46 47 44 47 49 45 39 41 55 46 Trait 37 38 46 37 37 39 47 36 30 45 43 31 34 32 34 42 40 19 and up Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 36 37 50 46 45 46 47 37 34 51 51 65 53 44 42 51 56 32 34 56 30 45 51 57 56 Trait 35 29 50 30 31 43 42 40 36 52 47 40 46 45 30 50 38 40 37 38 38 26 52 52 44 oo oo tennis Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State No subjects Trait 15 and 16 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 38 43 40 46 41 39 52 49 48 56 58 36 48 57 60 19 and up Trait 36 37 37 40 37 35 43 39 46 39 44 31 27 40 41 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 49 47 44 40 42 58 44 45 41 37 43 30 38 45 40 49 35 41 35 36 50 51 47 44 46 37 Trait 39 36 38 34 34 34 39 40 36 26 44 29 39 43 33 37 43 37 38 32 54 34 37 34 34 32 oo TRACK AND FIELD Age Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 48 54 57 49 59 45 50 53 56 48 39 47 59 57 56 53 51 49 47 56 Trait 43 50 32 27 30 46 48 49 44 40 42 39 41 51 48 33 32 36 35 40 19 and up 15 and 16 12 and 13 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 53 45 42 33 40 49 54 62 42 47 59 48 46 50 48 51 32 65 49 Trait 31 34 39 38 48 34 39 49 33 45 53 44 37 38 40 39 40 51 35 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 40 39 48 45 36 38 39 48 32 50 40 43 53 49 50 49 39 47 Trait 36 36 31 44 41 37 30 32 33 42 41 33 28 36 38 32 31 30 o BASKETBALL Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 42 33 42 43 44 53 34 38 46 40 34 51 49 42 34 52 33 39 44 59 41 49 52 Trait 33 35 37 44 35 42 32 26 36 39 31 30 51 30 38 42 28 32 43 44 38 41 33 15 and 16 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 42 53 34 38 38 45 39 46 63 51 44 34 48 46 57 47 47 45 33 41 42 34 38 39 46 45 41 Trait 39 34 41 34 36 36 34 48 47 38 32 41 40 42 36 42 42 41 41 42 38 36 34 37 36 41 32 19 and up Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 35 36 37 39 42 46 32 36 34 57 48 43 40 62 53 46 39 37 47 42 37 36 42 39 44 51 57 Trait 29 35 35 30 37 46 28 35 43 46 31 33 34 34 33 37 34 42 34 40 37 27 41 32 43 29 35 VO H BASKETBALL (continued) Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State Trait 15 and 16 Subject Number State Trait 19 and up Subject Number State 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 46 42 45 49 40 35 44 37 44 40 46 53 49 39 43 38 50 43 43 47 42 37 39 36 39 Trait 31 31 35 43 31 32 36 36 29 33 48 35 37 38 29 31 37 35 40 29 31 36 30 24 35 vo to FIELD HOCKEY Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 39 28 32 40 46 36 48 36 40 30 36 48 34 43 42 Trait 34 31 29 35 46 37 46 40 40 32 35 46 31 38 31 15 and 16 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 43 35 41 41 43 42 42 51 34 38 37 36 43 42 43 46 27 40 37 35 36 49 56 48 34 55 37 Trait 31 29 39 42 39 42 35 35 43 38 27 31 28 36 37 40 27 38 34 40 30 45 47 48 24 52 34 19 and up Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 40 53 49 48 49 42 54 50 38 50 42 50 54 38 34 61 44 42 37 42 61 36 51 38 43 40 64 Trait 39 45 42 37 38 41 43 48 47 52 38 42 51 30 30 37 31 42 32 34 43 34 50 38 48 40 50 VD OJ FIELD HOCKEY (continued) Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State Trait 15 and 16 Subject Number State 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 46 40 43 46 46 43 47 47 52 47 48 45 47 46 53 31 44 37 41 36 35 33 39 41 35 38 42 45 Trait 44 29 49 43 30 41 45 47 33 33 40 29 38 42 38 29 39 37 30 40 42 28 43 39 37 44 44 28 19 and up Subject Number State 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 44 37 41 40 39 35 45 47 37 59 34 39 33 40 39 41 51 Trait 42 32 32 37 37 37 33 50 31 38 33 31 37 36 30 55 30 4^ FIELD HOCKEY (continued) Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State Trait 15 and 16 Subject Number State 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 61 35 48 36 41 40 39 49 43 52 40 Trait 19 and up Subject Number State Trait 43 35 39 36 40 37 35 46 38 52 35 SOFTBALL 12 and 13 Age Subject Number State 50 57 59 43 58 44 49 52 55 Trait 43 44 36 42 37 50 44 50 46 19 and up 15 and 16 Subject Number State 34 39 44 41 43 36 39 37 43 'Trait 31 33 36 37 40 33 36 41 38 Subject Number State 37 33 40 41 39 49 52 46 29 Trait 32 30 33 33 32 34 34 31 28 SOFTBALL (continued) Age 12 and 13 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 43 47 37 39 58 57 36 59 42 56 59 50 56 59 52 58 48 40 57 Trait 30 44 32 33 40 39 36 46 32 32 48 32 53 50 33 51 38 33 38 15 and 16 Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 39 40 46 50 56 44 37 38 43 40 39 42 40 47 39 56 53 40 47 38 43 52 46 Trait 43 39 36 44 42 38 40 39 40 33 44 32 46 50 37 50 40 35 41 29 37 30 51 19 and up Subject Number State 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 41 39 43 45 38 31 32 43 45 41 54 44 32 32 51 40 29 Trait 38 34 35 40 35 41 30 29 38 39 30 36 28 35 44 52 34 \D