Bài tập cuối tuần tiếng anh 8 tập 2

BÀI TẬP CUỐI TUẦN TIẾNG ANH LỚP - TẬP CÓ ĐÁP ÁN NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI Unit POLLUTION WEEK A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE ❶ PRONUNCIATION Stress in words ending in –ic and –al (Trọng âm từ có –ic –al) - Các từ có –ic ln có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước Word ending in -ic Transcription artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ elastic /ɪˈlæstɪk/ electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ – Các từ có –al không thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc Root word ❷ Transcription Word ending in -at Transcription music /'mjuːzɪk/ musical /'mjuːzɪkəl/ logic /ˈlɒdʒɪk/ logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ nation /ˈneɪʃən/ national /ˈneɪʃənəl/ chemistry /'kemɪstri/ chemical /'kemɪkəl/ practice /'præktɪs/ practical /'præktɪkəl/ VOCABULARY ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE acid rain n /æsɪd reɪn/ mưa axit advertising billboard n /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ ˈbɪlbɔːd/ biển quảng cảo affect v /əˈfekt/ gây ảnh hưởng air pollution n /eər pəˈluːʃn/ ô nhiễm không khí almost adv /ˈɔːlməʊst/ aquatic adj /əˈkwætɪk/ sống nước atmosphere n /ˈætməsfɪər/ bầu khơng khí behaviour n /bɪˈheɪvjər/ hành vi believe v /bɪˈliːv/ tin tưởng birth defect n /bɜːθ ˈdiːfekt/ khuyết tật bẩm sinh blood pressure n /blʌd ˈpreʃər/ huyết áp breathing problem n /ˈbriːðɪŋ ˈprɒbləm/ vấn đề thở change v /tʃeɪndʒ/ thay đổi, thay đổi chemical adj /ˈkemɪkəl/ thuộc hóa học come up with v /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ nghĩ complain v /kəmˈpleɪn/ phàn nàn contain v /kənˈteɪn/ chứa đựng contaminant n /kənˈtỉmɪnənt/ chất gây nhiễm contamination n /kəntỉmɪˈneɪʃn/ ô nhiễm continue v /kənˈtɪnjuː/ tiếp tục damage v, n /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ phả hủy, phá hoại, tổn thất dead n /ded/ chết decrease v /dɪˈkriːs/ làm giảm die v /daɪ/ chết dirty adj /ˈdɜːti/ bẩn thỉu discharge v, n /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ dỡ hàng, tháo disease n /dɪˈziːz/ bệnh tật dramatic adj /drəˈmætɪk/ nghiêm trọng dump v /dʌmp/ đổ, vứt bỏ dust n /dʌst/ bụi earth’s surface n /ɜːθ ˈsɜːfɪs/ bề mặt trái đất environmental adj /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ thuộc môi trường expose v /ɪkˈspəʊz/ tiếp xúc factory n /ˈfæktəri/ nhà máy float v /fləʊt/ fume n /fjuːm/ khói thải gas n /ɡỉs/ khí, dầu xăng give presentation v /ɡɪv prezənˈteɪʃən/ thuyết trình global warming n /ˈɡləʊbəl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ nóng lên toàn cầu ground water n /ɡraʊnd ˈwɔːtər/ nước ngầm harmful adj /ˈhɑːmfəl/ có hại hearing loss n /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ khả nghe herbicide n /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ thuốc diệt cỏ home village n /həʊm ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ quê nhà household n, adj /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ hộ gia đình, thuộc gia đình illustrate v /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa industrial adj /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ thuộc công nghiệp issue n /ˈɪʃuː/ vấn đề land/soil pollution n /lænd/sɔɪl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm đất lead to v /lɪːd tuː/ dẫn tới light pollution n /laɪt pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm ánh sáng litter v /lɪtər/ xả rác, rác noise pollution n /nɔɪz pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm tiếng ồn occur v /əˈkɜːr/ xảy ocean n /ˈəʊʃən/ đại dương overhead adj /ˈəʊvəhed/ đầu pattern n /ˈpætən/ kiểu mẫu, gương mẫu poison n /ˈpɔɪzən/ chất độc poisonous adj /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ có độc, nhiễm độc polluted adj /pəˈluːtɪd/ bị ô nhiễm pollution n /pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm radiation n /reɪdɪˈeɪʃən/ phóng xạ radioactive pollution n /reɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv ˈluːʃən / recycle v /riːˈsaɪkl/ tái chế reduction n /rɪˈdʌkʃən/ rút gọn, giảm renewable adj /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ làm được, tái sinh resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ cư dân result In phr.v /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ dẫn tới, gây river n /rɪvər/ dịng sơng rubbish n /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ rác thải serious adj /ˈsɪəriəs/ nghiêm trọng sneeze v /sniːz/ hắt spill v /spɪl/ làm tràn, làm đổ stream n /ˈstriːm/ dòng suối surprise v, n /səˈpraɪz/ ngạc nhiên telephone pole n /ˈtelɪfəʊn pəʊl/ cột điện thoại thermal pollution n /ˈθɜːməl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nhiệt pə ô nhiễm phóng xạ throw v /θrəʊ/ ném, vứt tiny species n /ˈtaɪni ˈspiːʃiːz/ sinh vật nhỏ untidy adj /ʌn ˈtaɪdi/ lôi thôi, lếch vehicle n /ˈviːɪkl/ phương tiện giao thông visual pollution n /ˈvɪʒuəl pəˈluːʃən/ nhiễm tầm nhìn waste n /weɪst/ chắt thải water pollution n /ˈwɔːtər pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nước weed n /wiːd/ cỏ dại ❸ GRAMMAR Conditional sentences type Câu điều kiện loại I Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả điều kiện xảy tương lai Cấu trúc: If + S + Vs/es, S + will + V Nói cách khác, câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn Ví dụ: If you study hard, you will pass the exam Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn vượt qua kì thi If it is cool, I will go fishing Nếu trời mát, câu cá Conditional sentences type Câu điều kiện loại II dùng để diễn tả điều xảy tương lai Cấu trúc: If + S + Ved, S + would + V Chú ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, mệnh đề “IF”, động từ “to be” chuyển thành “were” cho tất ngơi Ví dụ: If I were a bird, I would be very happy Nếu chim, tôl hạnh phúc If I had a million USD, I would buy that house Nếu tơi có triệu la, tơi mua nhà Tóm tắt loại câu điều kiện: Type Forms Usage lf + S + V(s, es), S + will/ can/ shall Điều xảy tương lai If + S + V2/ Ved, S + would/ could/ Điều xảy should + V tương lai B PRACTICE Exercise 1: Choose the word which has different stress position A alphabetic B dynamic C systematic D electronic A relic B critic C classic D magnetic A electric B linguistic C magic D acetic A kinetic B realistic C toxic D political A economic B botanic C cosmetic D specific A directional B special C denial D arrival A rational B conical C approval D practical A chemical B additional C abnormal D intentional A logical B central C critical D analytical 10 A sensational B conventional C victuals D contaminant Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words in the box Number is an example for you Words Words intentional canal national journalistic clinic microscopic comic international curricular 10 historic Exercise 3: Look at the picture and put the correct types of pollution under it light pollution soil pollution radioactive pollution air pollution noise pollution visual pollution water pollution thermal pollution Exercise 4: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition No Term Opt Definition acid rain A the increase In temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide stream B a substance that causes death or harm if it is swallowed or absorbed into the body light pollution C rain that contains harmful chemicals from factory gases and that damages trees, crops and buildings contamination D things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them global warming E the process or fact of making a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease noise pollution F the mass of salt water that covers most of the earth’s surface ocean G the existence of too much artificial light in the environment, for example from street lights, which makes it difficult to see the stars poison H harmful or annoying levels of noise, as from airplanes, industry, etc reduction I a small narrow river 10 rubbish J an act of making something less or smaller the state of being made less or smaller Your answer: 10 Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II (1) If you come with me, I (do) the shopping with you Jimmy (help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening If it (ran) , I will stay at home Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) the poem by heart If they had enough money, they (buy) a new car We (pass) the exam if we studied harder If Pat (repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) this old shelf If I were you, I (invite) Jack to the party 10 If the weather (be) fine, the children can walk to school Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II (2) If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) all her friends I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) my CD again If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) them to a barbecue If you (not/ read) these articles, you will not know the facts about Africa You (get) very wet if you walked in this rain The engine (not/ start) if Ben connected these two cables If he (have) time, he will buy her some sweets Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) the trumpet more often We (not/ fetch) something to drink if Jim does not bring some sandwiches 10 If he (carry) the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase Exercise 7: Choose the correct answers (1) more help, I could call my neighbor A Needed B Should I need C I have needed D I should need Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? A spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak if you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incident again A I will never mention B I never mention C will I never mention D I don’t mention Unless you all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you A answered B answer C would answer D are answering If someone into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?” A comes B came C would come D could come “Here’s my phone number” “Thanks I’ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow” A will need B need C would need If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I D needed in a bank A work B will work C have worked D would be working The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved A was B is C were D had been The patient could not recover unless he an operation A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing 10 If she him, she would be very happy A would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet Exercise 8: Choose the correct answers (2) If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English A will go B would go C should go D should have go to The bench would collapse if they on it A stood B stand C standing D stands If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight A be B is C was D were C have had D has If you time, please write to me A have B had I shouldn’t go there at night if I you A am B was C be D were C may D might If I get a pole, I will go fishing A can B could If you had the chance, you go fishing? A did B may C would D If you a choice, which country would you visit? A have B had C have had D will have She will accept the offer you persuade her A unless B because C provided that D otherwise 10 he would accompany you on the piano A Supposing he were here B Because he were here C Were he here D Both A and C Exercise 9: Choose the incorrect part (1) If we meet at 9:30, we would have plenty of time A B C D If you find a skeleton in the cellar, not to mention it to anyone A B C D If you passes your examination, we will have a celebration A B C D Lisa would find the milk if she look for it in the fridge A B C D What would happen if I press this button? A B C D The door will be unlock if you press the green button A B C D If you go to Paris, where you will stay? A B C D If you swim in this lake, you’ll shiver of cold A B C D If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you would you choosing? A B C D 10 The flight may to be cancelled if the fog gets thick A B C D Exercise 10: Choose the incorrect part (2) If the milkman conies, tell him to be leave two pints A B C D I will call the office if I were you A B C D Someone will sits on your glasses if you leave them there A B C D You would hear my explanation if you did not talked so much => I have the same problem as Peter Tơi có rắc rối với tập Peter có rắc rối với => Chúng tơi có rắc rối Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + V + the same + noun + as + noun” với danh từ “problem” Louis and James are both 18 years old => Louis is at the same age as James Louis James 18 tuổi => Louis độ tuổi với James Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + V + the same + noun + as + noun” với danh từ “age” I went to my local primary school Jim went to my local primary school too => I went to the same primary as Jim Tôi học trường tiểu học địa phương Jim học trường tiểu học địa phương TRANSCRIPT 103 103 => Tôi học trường tiểu học với Jim Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + V + the same + noun + as + noun” với cụm danh từ “primary school” You and I both have dark brown hair => You have the same hair as me Bạn tơi có mái tóc nâu đậm => Bạn có mái tóc nâu đậm giống tơi Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + V + the same + noun + as + noun” với danh từ “hair” I left the meeting room at 11 a.m and so did you => I left the meeting room at the same time as you Tơi rời phịng họp lúc 11 trưa bạn => Tơi rời phịng họp vào thời gian với bạn Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + V + the same + noun + as + noun” với danh từ “time” My birthday is April Tom’s birthday is April too TRANSCRIPT 103 103 => I have the same birthday as Tom Sinh nhật ngày tháng Sinh nhật Tom ngày tháng => Tơi có ngày sinh nhật với Tom Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + V + the same + noun + as + noun” với danh từ “birthday” EX12 Viết lại câu, sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh “as…as” My doll is pretty but her doll is prettier than mine => My doll isn’t as pretty as her doll Búp bê xinh búp bê cô xinh => Búp bê không xinh búp bê cô Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính từ “pretty” Travelling by train is quite exciting but travelling by plane is more exciting => Travelling by train isn’t as exciting as travelling by plane TRANSCRIPT 103 103 Di chuyển tàu thú vị di chuyển máy bay thú vị Di chuyển tàu không thú vị di chuyển máy bay Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính từ “exciting” My salary is high, but my husband’s is higher => My salary isn’t as high as my husband’s Lương tơi cao lương chồng tơi cao => Lương không cao lương chồng tơi Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính từ “high” I am disappointed about my team’s score Ann is disappointed too => I am disappointed about the score as Ann Tơi thấy thất vọng điểm nhóm Ann thất vọng => Tôi thấy thất vọng điểm nhóm giống Ann Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính TRANSCRIPT 103 103 từ “disappointed” It’s warm today, but it was much warmer yesterday => Today it isn’t as warm as it was yesterday Trời hôm ấm trời ấm nhiều vào hôm qua => Trời hôm khơng ấm trời hơm qua Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính từ “warm” I still feel a bit tired, but I am better than yesterday => I don’t feel as tired as yesterday Tôi cảm thấy mệt hôm => Tôi không cảm thấy mệt hơm qua Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính từ “tired” Tom’s essay is very good and mine is good too => Tom’s essay is as good as mine Bài văn Tom tốt tốt TRANSCRIPT 103 103 => Bài văn Tom tốt tơi Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính từ “good” The Smiths have lived here for quite a long time, but we’ve lived here longer => The Smiths haven’t lived here as long as us Gia đình Smith sống lâu chúng tơi sống lâu => Gia đình Smith khơng sống lâu chúng tơi Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” với tính từ “long” EX13 Hồn thành câu sử dụng câu đồng tình với “too/ either” cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi My grandfaher worked for a tobacco company My father also worked for a tobacco company TRANSCRIPT 103 103 My grandfather worked for a tobacco company and my father worked for a tobacco company too Both my father and my mother aren’t Vietnamese My father isn’t Vietnamese and my mother isn’t Vietnamese either./ isn’t either I fancy classical music and my brother also fancies classical music I fancy classical music and my brother fancies classical music too Reading books is as relaxing as listening to music Reading books is relaxing and listening to music is relaxing too My friend and I didn’t go to the concert last night My friend didn’t go to the concert last night and I didn’t go to the concert either./ didn’t either My parents and my teacher won’t allow me to play truant My parents won’t allow me to play truant and my teacher won’t allow me to play truant either./ won’t either I am never good at singing and paiting TRANSCRIPT 103 103 I am never good at singing and I am never good at singing and paiting either Both my brother and I rarely listen to traditional songs I rarely listen to traditional songs and my brother rarely listen to traditional songs either./ doesn’t either Giải thích: Giải thích: “too” dùng câu khẳng định để diễn tả ý đồng tình với điều khẳng định trước đó; “either” dùng câu phủ định để diễn tả ý đồng tình với điều phủ định trước Lưu ý: “never” (không bao giờ) trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định, câu đồng tính câu phủ định với “either” Một số trạng từ mang ý nghĩa phủ định khác “rarely/ seldom/ hardly/ scarely” (hiếm khi, gần không) EX14 Gạch chân đáp án I can’t go to Berlin with you and your father can’t (either/ too) TRANSCRIPT 103 103 I hardly skip breakfast and Jim (doesn’t skip breakfast either/ skips breakfast too) Lưu ý: “hardly” (hiếm khi) trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định, câu đồng tình câu phủ định với “either” We won’t go sailing tomorrow because of the storm and they (don’t/ won’t) either Giải thích: Câu đồng tình cần có tương đương với câu trước I want to be a famous actress in the future and my friemd Sarah (wants/ doesn’t want) it too They haven’t watched the movie yet and I (haven’t/ doesn’t have) either I will help my mom the washing and my brother (will it too/ don’t it either) My brother’s just got a new bike and I (have got a new bike too/ am got a new bike too) For me, playing the piano is never easy and playing the guitar (is too/ isn’t either) She is a warm-hearted person but her daughter (isn’t either/ isn’t) TRANSCRIPT 103 103 Giải thích: Ở khơng phải câu đồng tình nên không dùng “either” 10 Drinking alcohol is harmful to your body and eatung fast food (is harmful too/ isn’t harmful either) EX15 Khoanh tròn đáp án Nowadays, life is totally different (1) 30 years ago In the past, there weren’t as many people (2) there are today, so houses were (3) spacious than today Because there weren’t so many cars in the streets, the air was not as (4) as it is today Our grandparents often earned a living by growing plants and raising animals Life at that time depended a lot on the weather In the present days, people live (5) comfortable and independent than before Our houses aren’t as large as it (6) be but they are all taller and more modern We don’t TRANSCRIPT 103 103 grow plants to make more anymore and we don’t raise animals (7) Instead, we work in big factories and tall buildings There are also more ways of entertainment than before Today’s life is more interesting and comfortabe (8) in the past A from B like C as D than Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh khác biệt “S + to be + different from + noun” A as B more C.most D so Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh ngang “S + to be + as + adj + as + noun” A as B more C.most D so Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh “S1 + to be + more + adj + than + S2” A clean B fresh C polluted D pollution Bởi khơng có nhiều xe đường, khơng khí khơng ô nhiễm A as B more C.most D so TRANSCRIPT 103 103 Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh “S1 + to be + more + adj + than + S2” A have to B must C can D used to Nhà không to trước chúng cao đại A too B so C either D also Giải thích: “either” dụng câu phủ định để diễn tả ý đồng tình với điều phủ định trước A from B like C as D than Giải thích: Câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh “S1 + to be + more + adj + than + S2” EX16 Đọc đoạn văn sau điền T (true) trước câu trả lời với nội dung đọc, điền F (false) trước câu trả lời khác nội dung đọc Ludwig van Beethoven TRANSCRIPT 103 103 Ludwig van Beethoven, born in 17 December 1770, was a wellknown German composer and pianist At an early age, Beethoven showed his musical talents His father Johann van Beethoven, together with composer and conductor Christian Gottlob Neefe, taught him about music When Beethoven was 21 years old, he moved to Vienna Here he started studying composition with Joseph Haydn He soon became popular as a pianist Unfortunately, Beethoven had problems with his hearing by his late 20s In the last ten years of his life, he was almost deaf In 1811, he stopped performing in public but he continued to compose Many of his wonderful pieces of music came from the last 15 years of hif life He lived in Vienna until he dies in 26 March 1827 His best-known compositions include symphonies, piano concertos, violin concerto, and 32 piano sonatas The list goes TRANSCRIPT 103 103 on Beethoven always remains as one of the most famous and influential composers all over the world _F _ Beethoven is only famous as a composer Dẫn chứng: Ludwig van Beethoven, born in 17 December 1770, was a well-known German composer and pianist _F _ When Beethoven was small, he studied composition with Joseph Haydn Dẫn chứng: At an early age, Beethoven showed his musical talents His father Johann van Beethoven, together with composer and conductor Christian Gottlob Neefe, taught him about music _T _ Beethoven had problems with his hearing by his late 20s Dẫn chứng: Unfortunately, Beethoven had problems with his hearing by his late 20s _F _ In 1811, Beethoven stopped performing and composing TRANSCRIPT 103 103 Dẫn chứng: In 1811, he stopped performing in public but he continued to compose _T _ He lived in Vienna until his death TRANSCRIPT 103 103 ... built that bridge in 19 98  (P) That bridge was built in 19 98 (by people) Ta nên bỏ “by people” UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES 21 21 Past perfect (Thì khứ hoàn thành) 2. 1 Cấu trúc (form) Khẳng... UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES 21 21 Why didn’t they help him? 10 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES 21 21 Unit 10... trước O câụ bị động Ví dụ: (A) The cat ate the mouse UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES 21 21  (P) The mouse was eaten by the cat 1 .2 Động từ câu chủ động bị động: Tenses Active Passive Simple