330 Buddhist Ethics Dg.T Dergé Tengyur (sDe dge bstan ’gyur): Dergé edition of the Tibetan canonical collection of commentarial treatises EC Vajrap›˚i, Eulogy-Commentary [on the Chakrasamvara Tantra] (Lak˝›bhidh›n›duddh¸talaghutantrapi˚˜›rthavivara˚a; bsTod ’grel/ mNgon par brjod pa ’bum pa las phyung ba nyung ngu’i rgyud kyi bsdus pa’i don rnam par bshad pa) (Toh 1402) ERD MjuŸrıyaŸas, Explanation of Root Tantric Downfalls (Vajray›namỊl›patti˛ık›; rDo rje theg pa’i rtsa ba’i ltung ba’i rgya cher bshad pa) (Toh 2488) ESO Vasubandhu, Explanation of the Scripture Ornament (SÒtr›la˙k›ravy›khy›; mDo sde’i rgyan gyi bshad pa) (Toh 4026) GBL ⁄›ntideva, Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life (Bodhisattvacary›vat›ra; Byang chub sems dpa’i spyod pa la ’jug pa) (Toh 3871) HFP Gu˚aprabha, One Hundred Formal Procedures (EkottarakarmaŸataka; Las brgya rtsa gcig pa) (Toh 4118) IBTS Khas grub rje’s Introduction to the Buddhist Tantric Systems Translated by F.D Lessing and Alex Wayman Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1978 IK Naropa, Iniziazione Kalacakra Translated by Raniero Gnoli and Giacomella Orofino In Italian Milan: Adelphi Edizioni SPA, 1994 IOK Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé, Infinite Ocean of Knowledge (Shes bya mtha’ yas pa’i rgya mtsho) vols Beijing: Bod mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1983 JOL Gampopa, Jewel Ornament of Liberation (Dam chos yid bzhin nor bu thar pa rin po che’i rgyan) Rumtek, Sikkim: Dharma Chakra Centre, 1974 KT Tenzin Gyatso, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, The Kalachakra Tantra, Rite of Initiation London: Wisdom Publications, 1985 ME Jeffrey Hopkins, Meditation on Emptiness London: Wisdom Publications, 1983 NG rNying ma rgyud ’bum (Collected Tantras of the Ancient Tradition) 36 vols Edited by Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche Thimpu, Bhutan, 1975 NKG rNying ma bka’ ma rgyas pa (Collected Transmitted Precepts of the Ancient Tradition) Edited by Dudjom Rinpoche Kalimpong, India, 1982 NSH Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History vols Translated by Gyurme Dorje and Matthew Kapstein Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1991 PS Asaºga, Proclaimers’ Stages (⁄r›vakabhÒmi; Nyan thos kyi sa) (Toh 4036) SB Asaºga, Stages of the Bodhisattva (BodhisattvabhÒmi; Byang chub sems dpa’i sa) (Toh 4037) SD Gu˚aprabha, Fundamental Summary of Discipline (VinayasÒtra; ’Dul ba’i mdo) (Toh 4117) Abbreviations 331 SID Vol of Panchen Sönam Drakpa, Sun Illuminating the Discipline with Reasons and Scriptures (So thar tshul khrims kyi pad tshal rgyas byed pan chen bsod grags kyis mdzad pa’i ’dul ba’i legs bshad lung rigs kyi nyi ma) vols Woodblock print (Treats the first basis of the monastic discipline, ordination, and monks’s rules.) SID 16 Vol of Panchen Sönam Drakpa, Sun Illuminating the Discipline with Reasons and Scriptures (So thar tshul khrims kyi pad tshal rgyas byed pan chen bsod grags kyis mdzad pa’i ’dul ba’i legs bshad lung rigs kyi nyi ma) vols Woodblock print (Treats the last sixteen bases of monastic discipline.) SIRD Vol (sTod cha) of Tsonapa, Sunlight Illuminating the Root Summary of Discipline (’Dul ba mdo rtsa’i rnam bshad nyi ma’i ’od zer legs bshad lung gi rgya mtsho) vols Woodblock print Toh A Complete Catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons Edited by Ui, Suzuki, Kanakura, and Tada Sendai, Japan: Tohoku University, 1934 TV Pema Karpo, Extensive Commentary on the Three Vows (sDom gsum rgya cher ’grel pa/ sDom pa gsum gyi rgyan ces bya ba’i rgya cher ’grel ba) Vols Nga and Ca of the Collected Works of Pema Karpo Edited by Acharya Shedup Tenzin and Lama Dhondup Tharchen Thimpu, Bhutan, 1991 f., ff p., pp trans vol., vols folio(s) page(s) translated by volume(s) 332 Buddhist Ethics Notes to Chapter I 333 Notes Unless otherwise indicated, all references to works included in the Tohoku catalogue (A Complete Catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons, edited by Ui, Suzuki, Kanakura, and Tada [Sendai, Japan: Tohoku University, 1934]) are to the Dergé edition of the Tibetan bKa’ ’gyur and bsTan ’gyur Chapter I: The Qualities of the Spiritual Teacher and Student Leisure (dal ba) refers to freedom from eight fetters of life that impede full spiritual growth: being born as a hell being, as a starving spirit, as an animal, in a barbarian land, or as a long-living god; holding wayward views, being born in a period when there is no Buddha, and being stupid Endowments (’byor ba) are given as ten: To be born as a human being; to live in the “central country” (where the Buddha’s doctrine is known); to possess all senses; not to have committed acts of immediate retribution (such as killing one’s parent, etc.); to have faith in the Buddha’s teaching (these first five conditions depend on oneself); the appearance of a Buddha in our world; the promulgation of the doctrine; the continuation of the doctrine; the presence of followers of the doctrine; and facilities for the practice of the doctrine (these latter five conditions depend on others.) See Gampopa’s Jewel Ornament of Liberation (henceforth cited as JOL) (Dam chos yid bzhin nor bu thar pa rin po che’i rgyan) (Dharma Chakra Centre: Rumtek, Sikkim, 1974), ff 8b1-9b6 Matricheta and Dignaga, Interwoven Praises (MiŸrakastotra; sPel mar bstod pa) (Toh 1150), f 187b5-6 Kapila (Kapila, Ser skya): the founder of the ancient Indian philosophical school of the Samkhyas Shantideva, Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life (Bodhisattvacary›vat›ra; Byang chub sems dpa’i spyod pa la ’jug pa) (hereafter cited as GBL) (Toh 3871), f 40a3-4 334 Buddhist Ethics Reunion of Father and Son Scripture (Pit›putrasam›gamanasÒtra; Yab dang sras mjal ba’i mdo) (Toh 60) Citation has not been found in this scripture The eight fetters of life (mi khom brgyad): the opposite of the eight kinds of leisure (see note 1) Transcendent Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines ( A˝˛as›hasrik›prajñ›p›ramit›; ’Phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa) (Toh 12), f 216a7-b1 Collection of Spontaneous Utterances (Ud›navarga; Ched du brjod pa’i tshoms) (Toh 326), f 231b4 Ibid, f 231b4-5 10 Condensed Transcendent Wisdom Scripture as found in Collected Scriptures and Dharani (mDo sngags gsung rab rgya mtsho’i snying po mtshan gzungs mang bsdus) (Dharamsala: Bod gzhung shes rig khang, 1976; second edition, 1977), vol sMad cha, f 14a6-7 11 Flower Array Scripture (Ga˚˜havyÒhasÒtra; sDong po bkod pa’i mdo) (Toh 44) Citation not found 12 Solitary sages (pratyekabuddha, rang rgyal) aspire to achieve only personal liberation, not the omniscience of a buddha (sarvajñ›na, thams cad mkhyen pa), and therefore this reasoning does not apply to them Buddhas, however, have had to rely on spiritual guides to reach their goal of complete buddhahood 13 Biography of Shri Sambhava (dPal ’byung gi rnam thar) (Toh 44), vol A, f 286a5 14 Biography of the Lay Practitioner Achala (dGe bsnyen ma mi yo ba’i rnam thar) (Toh 44), vol A, f 36b3 15 Flower Array Scripture, vol A, f 286a6-7 16 Higher stages of awakening (sa chen po) of a bodhisattva refers to the three pure stages of awakening (viŸuddhibhÒmi, dag pa’i sa): the eighth (called “Gone Afar”), ninth (“Immovable”), and tenth (“Cloud of Dharma”) stage, which immediately precede the stage of a buddha 17 See chapter II, note 182 18 This section is compiled from chapter three of Gampopa’s JOL, f 17a3-b4 19 Asanga enumerates these eight qualities according to the Individual Way as follows: (1) ethical (tshul khrims ldan): restrained (observes the personal liberation vows) and shows earnest interest in the path that vanquishes passions and leads to perfect peace (2) learned (mang du thos): able to recall many teachings, and having heard, investigated, and comprehended them, able to expound them (3) accomplished (rtogs pa): possesses a perfected knowledge of conventional and ultimate reality and has attained the level of a saint; thus, able to impart teachings in miraculous ways (4) full of compassion and love (snying brtse ldan): wishes welfare and happiness for others and desires their spiritual accomplishment ... (these first five conditions depend on oneself); the appearance of a Buddha in our world; the promulgation of the doctrine; the continuation of the doctrine; the presence of followers of the doctrine;... Interwoven Praises (MiŸrakastotra; sPel mar bstod pa) (Toh 1 150 ), f 187b5-6 Kapila (Kapila, Ser skya): the founder of the ancient Indian philosophical school of the Samkhyas Shantideva, Guide to the. .. the omniscience of a buddha (sarvajñ›na, thams cad mkhyen pa), and therefore this reasoning does not apply to them Buddhas, however, have had to rely on spiritual guides to reach their goal of