Encyclopedia of world history (facts on file library of world history) 7 volume set ( PDFDrive ) 2543

National Congress of British West Africa case kept it in court and unable to be an effective part of the Civil Rights movement Further reading: Guterl, Matthew Pratt The Color of Race in America, 1900–1940 Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001; Jonas, Gilbert Freedom’s Sword New York: Routledge, 2005; NAACP.org “NAACP Timeline.” http:// www.naacp.org/past_future/naacptimeline.shtml(2003); Rhym, Darren The NAACP White Plains, NY: Chelsea House Pub, 2002; Wolters, Raymond DuBois and His Rivals Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press 2002 263 1925 and was the first woman to become its president She went to the United States in October 1928 as an emissary of Gandhi, preaching his doctrine of nonviolence Naidu joined the second civil disobedience movement that had begun in March 1930 She was arrested and released in January of the next year She went to London along with Gandhi to participate in the Round Table Conference During the Quit India movement of August 1942 she was imprisoned for 21 months After India’s independence on August 15, 1947, Naidu was appointed the governor of Uttar Pradesh She died on March 2, 1949 John H Barnhill Naidu, Sarojini (1879–1949) Indian nationalist leader Sarojini Naidu was born on February 13, 1879, to Aghornath Chattopadhyaya and Varada Sundari in the city of Hyderabad, India She began studying at the King’s College of England in 1895 Her childhood love for poetry resulted in the publication of collections of poems including The Golden Threshold (1905), The Birds of Time (1912), and The Broken Wing (1917), written in English but with an Indian ethos Her poetry earned her the name of “India’s Nightingale.” A strong believer in the philosophy of Brahmo Samaj, Sarojini took the bold step of getting married to Govindarajulu Naidu outside her caste at the age of 19 per the Brahmo Marriage Act (1872) A powerful orator, she gave speeches on themes like the emancipation of women, youth welfare, and nationalism Sarojini Naidu plunged into the nationalist movement in 1903 and came into contact with leaders who were fighting for an India free of British colonial rule Mohandas K Gandhi and Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866–1915) influenced her political career At the behest of Gokhale she devoted herself to the cause of Indian nationalism Naidu met Gandhi in 1914 and became his disciple During her tour to Great Britain with Gandhi, she criticized colonial rule openly among the British intelligentsia Naidu and Gandhi opposed the British government’s Rowlatt Act, enacted in March 1919 to counter Indian protests She also supported the Indian Home Rule League Naidu also worked for Hindu-Muslim unity She became influential in the Indian National Congress (INC) and was elected its delegate to the East African Indian Congress in January 1924 She was elected president of the INC in the Kanpur session of Further reading: Mishra, L N The Poetry of Sarojini Naidu New Delhi: B.R Publishing Corporation, 1995; Naidu, Sarojini The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death & Destiny 1915–1916 New York: John Lane Company, 1917; ——— The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India Allahabad: Kitabistan, 1943; Naravane, Vishwanath S Sarojini Naidu: An Introduction to Her Life, Work & Poetry New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1996; Sengupta, Padmini Sarojini Naidu: A Biography New Delhi: Asia Publishing House, 1966 Patit Paban Mishra National Congress of British West Africa The National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA) displayed the relatively moderate, reformist spirit of many black African professionals and intellectuals of the interwar period Without challenging British control over their territories, the congress pressed for an increase in African representation in advisory councils, the creation of a West African university, and a respect for traditional forms of land ownership The group’s leaders, particularly Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford, promulgated a Pan-African ideology and attempted to build a sense of shared interests among the inhabitants—or at least the native-born black political leaders—of the four British colonies in West Africa: Nigeria, Gold Coast (now Ghana), Sierra Leone, and the Gambia The congress achieved a few of its goals, as it encountered opposition from the majority of traditional elites, from radicals in and outside the NCBWA, and from the Aboriginal Rights Protection Society, which the congress sought to supersede From the perspective of Casely Hayford and other future leaders of the NCBWA, the Aboriginal Rights Protection Society had failed to capitalize upon its success in