166 Indian National Congress (1885–1947) A city view of Benares, India, in 1922 The rich cultural heritage of the Indian people, evident in the scene above, helped fuel the resolve of India to be independent of British domination and to achieve self-rule through peaceful means aghast at this violent path, and the Congress Working Committee meeting at Bardoli suspended the noncooperation movement seven days afterward Although Congress leaders like Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) as well as a large section of the populace were stunned by the Working Committee resolution, they abided by the decision Gandhi was arrested in March 1922 and given six years’ imprisonment for treason The INC was opposed to the formation of the Simon Commission in 1927–28, which was constituted to look into the constitutional reforms and appointed a committee headed by Motilal Nehru to prepare a constitution for a free India Dominion status for India was the main feature of the Nehru Report The All-Party Conference, convened in Calcutta in December 1928, did not agree with the report Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948), the leader of the AIML, also was against the report because his demands were not met The radical wing of the congress, led by Motilal’s son Jawaharlal, also was opposed to the report It was decided to launch civil disobedience for the cause of purna swaraj (complete independence) The congress passed the resolution for complete independence in the historic Lahore session of 1929 The following year the civil disobedience movement started when Gandhi launched the salt satyagraha with his famous Dandi March in March 1930 Gandhi was arrested in May, and altogether 90,000 people were put behind bars The British realized the need for congress participation and initiated a dialogue As a result Lord Irwin (1881–1959), the viceroy, signed a pact with Gandhi in March 1931 by which the civil disobedience movement was suspended, and the congress agreed to join the Round Table Conference In the Karachi session of the INC, talks with the British were endorsed