Italian Renaissance culture stands as one of the primary creative foundations of the modern Western tradition See also Byzantine Empire: architecture, culture, and the arts; Carolingian Renaissance Further reading: Cairns, Earle E Christianity through the Centuries Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996; DeMolen, Richard L., ed The Meaning of the Renaissance and Reformation Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1974; Jenks, Edward Law and Politics in the Middle Ages New York: 219 Franklin, 1970; Kerrigan, William, and Gordon Braden The Idea of the Renaissance Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989; Lucki, Emil History of the Renaissance, 1350–1550 Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1963; Nauert, Charles G., Jr The Age of Renaissance and Reformation Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1977; Spitz, Lewis W The Renaissance and Reformation Movements Chicago, IL: Rand McNally, 1971 Kirk R MacGregor