Chronology xix 1595 Battle of Fontaine-Franỗaise The French House of Bourbon is officially established on February 27, 1594 The next year Henry IV declares war on Spain He wins an important battle at Fontaine-Franỗaise near Dijon 1607 Jamestown Is Established King James I of England grants the London Company a charter to settle the southern part of English North America The settlers endure many trials but establish the first permanent English settlement in North America 1597 Shakespeare’s Career Begins Love’s Labour’s Lost, the first play under William Shakespeare’s name, is published 1610 Galileo Proves Copernican System Correct In 1610 Galileo Galilei publishes the results of his telescopic observations in Sidereus nuncius Galileo shows that the Copernican system in which the planets circle the Sun is correct 1598 Edict of Nantes Henry IV, king of France, issues the Edict of Nantes on April 13 The edict gives full civil rights to Protestants in France 1600 Battle of Nieuwport On July the combined forces of the Dutch and English defeats the Spanish Habsburgs at the Battle of Nieuwport The Habsburg defeat secures the independence of the Netherlands 1600 East India Company The English East India Company is formed to trade in Asia 1600 Battle of Sekigahara Japanese general Tokugawa Ieysasu is victorious in the Battle of Sekigahara against the other contenders for power in Japan 1602 Dutch East India Company The Dutch East India Company is founded and becomes the premier trading company of the Netherlands 1603 Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Ieysasu is appointed shogun by the Japanese emperor, beginning the Tokugawa Shogunate 1604 Time of Troubles Begin in Russia The Russian Time of Troubles begins with the appearance of a false Dimitri—a pretender to the Russian throne He gains support from the Poles and the Cossacks For a period of nine years, virtual anarchy reigns in Russia, as the various parties fight over rule 1605 Gunpowder Plot On November the Gunpowder Plot is discovered The planners of the plot, Guy Fawkes, Thomas Percy, and Thomas Winter English, are all Catholics who plan to assassinate King James I and blow up Parliament 1610 Sante Fe Is Founded The Spanish government establishes Santa Fe as the capital of New Mexico in December 1610 1613 Romanov Dynasty On March Michael Romanov, then 17, is elected czar of Russia Thus begins the Romanov dynasty, which lasts until being overthrown by Vladimir Lenin in 1917 1614 Christians Are Ordered Out of Japan The Japanese shogun orders the immediate expulsion of all Christian missionaries He begins to persecute all Christians in Japan 1616 Rise of the Qing Nurhaci begins laying the foundations of a state that would rule all of China as the Qing (Ch’ing) dynasty 1618 Thirty Years’ War Begins The Thirty Years’ War begins when two Catholic members of the Prague Diet are thrown out of a window by Protestants 1620 Mayflower Lands at Plymouth One hundred and two individuals, most of whom are Puritans, receive a grant of land on which to set up their own colony They set sail from England on the Mayflower, arriving in Massachusetts in December 1628 Petition of Rights The English parliament passes the Petition of Rights Under its terms the king cannot levy any new taxes without the consent of Parliament 1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony On June 12 the flagship of the Massachusetts Bay Company arrives in Salem to officially found the new colony