Index Tibetan Book of the Dead, 53 Tigellinus, 349 Tiglath-pileser I, 22, 34, 42, 311 Tiglath-pileser III, 23, 24, 35, 43, 216, 269, 420 Tigranes, 422 Tigris River, xxxiv, xxxvii, 11, 34, 104, 146, 207, 284, 311, 413, 421, 446, 448 Timotheus, 86 Tiridates, 413 Tiridates III, 30 Titans, 172 Titicaca, Lake, 15–16 Titus, 150, 196, 388, 392, 393, 398, 400 Titus Flavius Clemens Alexandrinus, 90 Titus Flavius Domitianus See Domitian Titus Petronius Niger, 349 Tiwanaku, 16 Tiy, 6, 7, 352 Tlaloc, 455 tobacco, 295 Toba (T’o-pa) dynasty, 254, 465–466 Tobit, 372 Toledo, Council of, 483 Toleration, Edict of, 282 Topper site, 148 Torah, 114, 221, 228, 229, 283, 288, 337, 369, 407, 431, 451, 452, 466–467 Tosefta, 283 Totila, 49, 323 Toumen, 257, 492 Tower of Babel, xxxvii, 299 Toya, 427 Trade Routes of the First Century C.E., M24 Trade Routes of the Mycenaeans and Minoans, M8 Trajan, 181, 220, 222, 239, 248, 262, 293, 340, 345, 384, 388, 393, 400, 420, 467–468, 501 Tranquillus, Gaius Suetonius, 394 Transalpine Gaul, 155, 156, 157, 388 transmigration of the soul, 481 Transoxiana, 436, 437 Trebonius, 66 Trent, Council of, 220 Triballian kingdom, 10 Tribonian, 91 tribunicia potestas, 39 trigonometry, 13 Trimalchio, 248 Trinitarian Christianity, 483 Tripitaka, 57, 236, 468 Triumvirate (First and Second), 61–62, 71, 84, 338, 387, 391, 468–470 Trojan Horse, 189, 471 Trojan War, 3, 141, 173, 189, 190, 204, 290, 443, 471 Troy, 2, 69, 75, 97, 173, 189, 203, 289, 305, 391, 396, 397, 471 Trubachev, Oleg, 213 Trubetskoy, Nikolay, 213 True Cross, 189 Trung Nhi, 471, 472 Trung sisters, 269, 471–472 Trung Trac, 471, 472 Tucca, 398 Tudhaliya II, 201–202 Tukulti-Ninurta I, 34, 42, 43 Turabdin, 320, 472 Turbo, Martius, 222 Turkana Boy, 326 Turoyo, 472 Tutankhamun, 7, 308, 352, 458 Twosret, 309 Tyndareus, 189 tyranny, 167 Tyre, xxxvii, 11 Tyrrhenos, 139 U Ugarit, xxxiv, 207, 248, 419, 473–474 Ugo, 486 Ulfilas, 474 Ulysses, 75, 203–204 Uma, 478 Umako, 436, 446 Umayyad Empire, 472, 501 Unas, 53 Underzo, Albert, 157 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 362 Upali, 57 Upper Paleolithic, 329 Ur, xxxvii, 128, 147, 161, 334, 346, 446, 474–476 Ur III dynasty, 207, 446 Uranus, 172, 396 urbanization, xxxvii Ur-Nammu, 128, 147, 475, 476 Ursicinus, 259 Usas, 478 Ute, 297 Uzbekistan, 436 V Vaisheshika school, 432 Vajrayana Buddhism, 408, 453–454, 468 533 Vakhtang Gorgasali, 160 Valens, 1, 36, 48, 98, 259, 402, 404, 405 Valentinian I, 259 Valentinian II, 14 Valentinian III, 405 Valentinianism, 78 Valentinianus, 404 Valentinus, 78 Valerian (emperor of Rome), 117, 344 Valerian (bishop), 219 Valerius Flaccus, 261 Valerius of Antium, 394 Valley of the Kings, 458 Valley of the Queens, 458 Vallois, H., 135 Valmiki, 381, 409 Vandals, 242, 243, 246, 249, 315, 405, 456, 460, 474 Vardhamana, Nataputta, 217 Vardhamana Mahavira, 217, 477 Varius, 398 varna, 70 Varro, Marcus Terentius, 394, 395 Varuna, 478 Vatsayana, 235 Vedanta school, 432, 433 Vedas, 32, 114, 199, 381, 409, 478–479 Vedic age, xxxii, xxxv, 70, 409, 432, 479–481 Venus, 63, 396, 400 Venus de Milo, 191 Venus figurines, 329–330 Vercellae, Battle of, 387 Vercingetorix, 65, 73, 157, 387, 469, 481–482 vertical archipelago, 16 Verus, 38, 39, 341 Vesalius, 201 Vespasian, 150, 227, 233, 248, 339, 388, 393, 400, 503 Vesta, 395, 396, 406 Vesuvius, Mount, 362–363, 444 Vibhajjavada, 57 Victoria, Lake, Victory Stela, 42, 128 Vietnam, xxxvi, 471, 472 Vijaya, 73–74 Vimalamitra, 453 Virgil, 2–3, 63, 139, 339, 349, 390, 391, 392, 395, 397, 398, 399, 471 Vishnu, 49, 257, 433