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42 Aswa¯n Dam The ASEAN and its member countries have taken steps, through treaties, conventions, and communiqués, to prevent different types of organized crime with regional and international dimensions, such as terrorism, terrorist financing, money laundering, human trafficking, and drug smuggling On February 24, 1976, the ASEAN countries declared that they would cooperate with one another and with international organizations to check illegal trafficking of drugs The ASEAN Vision 2020 resolved to tackle the problems of drug trafficking, trafficking of women, and other transnational crimes Through organizations like the ARF, Ministerial Meetings, the ASEAN Chiefs of Police (ASEANAPOL), the ASEAN Centre for Combating Transnational Crime (ACTC), the Senior Officials Meeting on Transnational Crime (SOMTC), and the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC), steps were taken to prevent various forms of crimes affecting Southeast Asia in particular and the world in general The Vientiane Action Program of November 2004 contained measures to tackle the problem of terrorism Further reading: Emmers, Ralf Cooperative Security and the Balance of Power in ASEAN and ARF New York: Routledge, 2003; Narine, Shaun Explaining ASEAN: Regionalism in Southeast Asia Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2002; Nesadurai, Helen E S Globalisation, Domestic Politics, and Regionalism London: Routledge, 2003 Patit Paban Mishra Aswa¯n Dam The Aswa¯n Dam was the cornerstone of Gamal Abdel Nasser’s program for Egyptian economic development Nasser described the project as “more magnificent and seventeen times greater than the Pyramids.” The dam was to improve the living standard for Egyptians by increasing agricultural output and providing electricity for Egyptian villages and power for industrialization The dam increased reclaimed agricultural land by onethird and provided 10,000 million kilowatt hours of electricity Nasser Lake, one of the world’s largest artificial lakes at about 300 miles long, was created as a result of the dam The dam was over 120 feet high and a mile wide and was one of the most extensive projects in the world at the time However, the dam also had some unforeseen ecological impacts Because it was no longer flushed by annual floodwater, Egyptian agricultural land increased in salinity The decrease of Nile floodwater into the Mediterranean resulted in a decrease of plankton, organic carbons, and fish Advocates of smaller, more cost-effective projects argued that the massive amounts of money expended in construction of the dam might have been better spent in more appropriate technology projects The dam provided Egyptians with a sense of pride, however, and from Nasser’s viewpoint was a project around which Egyptians could be rallied for other political and economic programs Originally money and technology to build the dam was to come from the World Bank and Western nations, particularly the United States But after Nasser adopted a policy of neutralism in the cold war, recognized the People’s Republic of China, and signed an arms deal with Czechoslovakia, John Foster Dulles, the U.S secretary of state in the Eisenhower administration, concluded that Nasser was not a reliable ally Consequently Dulles withdrew U.S aid for the project and publicly criticized Egypt’s economic stability Dulles hoped that the failure to secure economic aid for the dam would result in Nasser’s overthrow On the contrary Nasser retaliated by nationalizing the Suez Canal, announcing that the income from the canal would be used to build the dam The nationalization infuriated Great Britain and France and helped to precipitate the 1956 Arab-Israeli War Ultimately the Soviet Union provided the money and technicians to build the dam The dam was completed in the early 1970s after Nasser’s death But Soviet influence over Egypt was short-lived for President Anwar el-Sadat, Nasser’s successor, ousted the Soviets shortly after the dam’s completion and turned instead toward the West and the United States Further reading: Little, Tom High Dam at Aswa¯n: Subjugation of the Nile New York: John Day, 1965 Shibl, Yusuf The Aswa¯n High Dam Beirut: Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 1971 Janice J Terry Aung San Suu Kyi (1945– ) Nobel laureate and pro-democracy activist Aung San Suu Kyi was born to diplomat Daw Khin Kyi and Burmese (Myanmar) national hero Bogyoke Aung San on June 19, 1945 She was educated in Yangon, New Delhi, Oxford, and London In 1969 she worked
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