436 Zapata, Emiliano Sa’d Zaghlul died in 1927 after a short illness Safia assumed a more important role in the Wafd As Wafdists met to discuss who should replace Sa’d Zaghlul, Safia Zaghlul announced that she intended to withdraw from the political arena but supported Mustafa Nahhas to assume leadership of the party With Safia Zaghlul’s support, Nahhas became the Wafd’s second president See also Egyptian Revolution (1919) Further reading: Ahmed, J M The Intellectual Origins of Egyptian Nationalism London: Oxford University Press, 1960; Darwin, John “Sa’d Zaghlul and the British.”In The Chatham House Version and other Middle-Eastern Studies, Elie Kedourie, ed Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1984 Janice J Terry Zapata, Emiliano (1879–1919) Mexican revolutionary leader Ranking high in the pantheon of Latin American heroes, the Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata gained widespread popular acclaim for his uncompromising demand for “Land and Liberty” (Tierra y Libertad) and for his courageous, principled, and shrewd leadership of his Zapatista army during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) During the revolution and after, Zapata came to symbolize the hopes and aspirations of Mexico’s poor and downtrodden in their struggle for land, dignity, and social justice Zapata embodied the agrarian and Indian impulses of the revolution Born in the Indian village of Anenecuilco, Morelos, to smallholding parents Gabriel and Cleofas Salazar Zapata, in 1909 he was elected president of the village council, a rare honor for a man only 30 years old These were troubled times in Morelos In the previous decades under the presidency of Porfirio Díaz, the process of capitalist transformation had led to growing landlessness and poverty among the village’s nearly 400 residents, as it had across Morelos and much of the rest of Mexico When wealthy liberal reformer Francisco Madero announced his Plan of San Luis Potosí on November 20, 1910, calling for “no-reelection” of the dictator Díaz, Zapata did not immediately endorse the plan Within a few months, however, he allied with the Maderistas, achieving several victories against federalist troops in Morelos Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata fought against the corrupt leaders of his government After Madero’s forces toppled the Díaz regime, Zapata insisted that lands stolen in previous decades be restored to their rightful owners Madero balked, requiring demobilization of the Zapatista forces When one of Madero’s generals, Victoriano Huerta, launched a campaign against the Zapatistas in Morelos in August 1911, Zapata was infuriated He soon withdrew support for Madero Henceforth, Zapata pursued an independent course, fighting for what he understood to be the revolution’s core issues: land and liberty for the poor, landless, and oppressed In November 1911 the Zapatistas issued their famous Plan of Ayala, which guided Zapata’s army for the remainder of the revolution Excoriating Madero