324 Ostrogoths and Lombards northern Italy The Normans conquered the last independent Lombard power, the duchy of Benevento, in the 11th century See also Arianism; late barbarians Further reading: Burns, Thomas S A History of the Ostrogoths Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984; Hal- lenbeck, J T Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1982; Paul the Deacon History of the Lombards Trans by William Dudley Foulke Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974 William E Burns