great migrations (1900–1950) 135 Armenian refugees on a Black Sea beach in 1920 In the years during and between the two world wars, millions of people around the world moved, either voluntarily or because of difficult conditions, causing a massive shift in world population to leave the Soviet Union, and the Greek Civil War (1946–49) saw many Greeks and Macedonians leave the region Most of the Jews who survived the Holocaust left Europe Many of these settled in Israel, Australia, the United States, and South America, especially in Argentina There were also the “Ratlines” for Nazi war criminals and others suspected of being Nazi war criminals fleeing to South America, often with travel documents furnished by the Vatican Many others also found a new life in Latin America, with many Spaniards and Italians encouraged to settle in Argentina by Evita Perón, while at the same time many Britons left Argentina following Juan Perón’s nationalization of the formerly British-owned railways Britons during this period also started settling in Rhodesia and South Africa, as well as the “£10 Poms,” with many assisted migrants moving to Australia Fairbridge and other children’s settlement schemes also saw many British boys and girls being settled in Rhodesia, Australia, and South Africa Similarly, the great wealth being generated in Rhodesia and South Africa saw large numbers of Africans move in search of work, although many migrant workers from Mozambique were expelled from South Africa following the introduction of apartheid Mention should also be made of the expatriates who went to work in the emerging oil industry in the Middle East, in Abadan, Basra, and other places There were also movements in the Middle East, with many Palestinians leaving their lands in the wars that followed the establishment of Israel The largest migration of this period was undoubtedly the movement that followed the partition of India in 1947, with the British and many Anglo-Indians leaving and more importantly large numbers of Hindus leaving Pakistan and many Muslims leaving India for Pakistan Many