Nobel Prize, xxxv, xxxix, 1, 2, 218, 222, 237, 306, 328, 352 No Conscription League, 125 Nolan, Sidney, 33 Non-Recognition Doctrine, 228 Norris v Alabama, 344 North Africa, 87, 256, 322 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 111, 338, 364, 387 Northern Expedition, 17, 65, 157, 193, 238, 275, 350, 395, 407 Northern Ireland, 133, 174 Northern People’s Congress (NPC), 275 Northern Rhodesia, 133, 319–321 North Korea, 231 Norway, 102, 103, 150, 151 nuclear weapons, 85, 236–238 Nuqrashi, Mahmud, 258 Nuremberg laws, 149, 268, 276 Nuremberg Trials, xliii, 276–277, 381, 403, 424 Nyasaland (Malawi), 277–278 O Obregón, Álvaro, 57, 60, 108, 159, 246, 248, 279–280, 401 O’Connor, Richard, 86 October Manifesto, 330 October Revolution, 64, 183, 187, 226, 332, 359, 361 O’Dwyer, Michael, 13, 14 oil/oil industry, 58, 67, 87, 126, 127, 128, 132, 133, 161, 172, 195, 256, 280–281 “Old Age Revolving Pension,” 271 Olympic Games, 282 Omaha Beach, 75, 77, 78 Open Door policy, 196, 283 Operation Blacklist, 180 Operation Blau, 367 Operation Fortitude, 77 Operation Neptune, 75 Operation Overlord, xlii, 75, 423 Operation Uranus, 368 Operation Z, 297 Oppenheimer, J Robert, xxxvi, 236, 237 Orczy, Baroness, 254 Order of the White Rose, 192 Orellana, José, 93, 391 Organization of African Unity (OAU), 290, 346 Organization of American States (OAS), 205 Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, 283–284, 295 Index Orozco, José Clemente, xl Orozco, Pascual, 158, 159, 233, 247, 248, 284–286 Ortega, Daniel, 339 Orteig, Raymond, 218 Ortiz Rubio, Pascual, 58, 401 Orville Platt, 303 Osachi, Hamaguchi, 123 Osmena, Sergio, 302, 311, 312 Ostend Manifesto, 208–209 Ottoman Empire, 23, 25–26, 29–31, 38–39, 55, 94, 95, 111, 112, 133, 142, 161, 187–188, 189, 211, 256, 257, 294, 338, 348–349, 431–432 Outerbridge, William W., 298 Owen, Margaret, 220 Owens, Jesse, 282 Ozman, Agnes, 299 P Pacheco y Obes, Manuel, 43 Pact of Biacnabato, Pact of Locarno, 221 “Pact of Steel,” 149, 260, 420 “Pact of the Embassy,” 248 Padmore, George, 290 Pahlavi dynasty (of Iran), xxxvii, 172, 287–288 Pakistan, 10, 11, 120, 135, 136, 163, 167, 182 Pakistan Muslim League, 11 Pakistan resolution, 10, 11, 288 Pal, 165 Pale Faces, 192 Palestine, 20–23, 37, 55, 188, 189, 190, 296, 339 British mandate in, 51–52, 56, 137 Palestine and Israel after 1948–1949 War, M158 Palma, Susana, Palmer, A Mitchell, 125, 318, 335 Palmer, Frederic, 93 Pan-Africanism, 60, 80, 121, 124, 263, 265, 288–290 Panama, 128, 205, 209 Panama Canal, xxxiii–xxxiv, xxxv, xxxviii, 67, 205, 291–292, 328 Pan-American Conference, 128 Pan-American Conference on Women, 225 Pan-American Federation of Labor, 127 Pan-Americanism, 42 Pan-Germanism, 148 Panglong Agreement, 31 461 panic of 1907, 105 Pankhurst, Christabel, 293, 294 Pankhurst, Emmeline, 292–294, 413 Pankhurst, Richard, 292 Pankhurst, Sylvia, 293, 294 Pankhursts, 292–294 Papen, Franz von, 410, 411 Paraguay, 103, 133, 198 Parham, Charles F., 299 Paris Commune, 101 Paris Peace Conference and Treaties, 38, 64, 68, 127, 132, 162, 165, 174, 183, 191, 196, 211, 221, 283, 284, 289, 294–297, 301, 336, 389, 420, 435 Parliament Act, 220 Parmenter, Frederick, 335 Partido Nacional Revolucionario, 57, 58 Parti National, 210 Parti Rouge, 210 Partition of China, 1895–1914, M132 Partition of India, 1947–1949, M157 Partition of India, 135 Party of the Mexican Revolution, 58 Pascal, Blaise, 97 Pasternak, Boris, 362 Pathé, Charles, xxxv Paterson, Banjo, 33 Pathet Lao, 345 Patman, Wright, 48 Patriotic Burmese Forces, 31 Patton, George, 229 Paul, Alice, 414 Paul, Robert William, 252 Paulus, Friedrich, 368, 369 Pavelic´, Ante, 103 Pavlova, Anna, 361 Payne-Aldrich tariff, 195 Paz, Octavio, 203 peanuts, xxxii Pearl Harbor, xlii, 56, 150, 176, 178, 230, 236, 250, 297–299, 327, 351, 369, 394, 422 Peel Commission, 52 Peixoto, Mario, 198 Peloponnesian League, Pennsylvania, USS, 299 Pentagon, 231 Pentecostalism, 299–300 People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 63 People’s Party, 141, 144 People’s Republic of China, 64, 65, 239, 245, 246 Pereira, Candido, 225 Pereira de Sousa, Washington Luís, 400