Research On Ethical Choices In Drama By Contemporary Vietnamese Playwright Luu Quang Vu

分类号 密级 UDC 编号 博士学位论文 越南当代作家刘光武戏剧中的 伦理选择研究 学位申请人姓名: 陈廷仁 申请学位学生类别: 全日制博士 申请学位学科专业: 比较文学与世界文学 指 导 教 师 姓 名 : 苏晖 教授 博士学位论文 越南当代作家刘光武戏剧中的 伦理选择研究 论文作者：TRAN DINH NHAN (中文名字：陈廷仁) 指导教师：苏晖教授 学科专业：比较文学与世界文学 研究方向：越南文学 华中师范大学文学院 2022年5月 Dissertation Research on Ethical Choices in Drama by Contemporary Vietnamese Playwright Luu Quang Vu By Tran Dinh Nhan Supervisor: Prof Su Hui Specialty: Comparative Literature & World Literature Research Area: Vietnamese literature School of Literature Central China Normal University May, 2022 华中师范大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师指导下，独立进行研究工作 所取得的研究成果。除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或 集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在 文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期：2022 年 月 21 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 学位论文作者完全了解华中师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：研 究生在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属华中师范大学。学校有权保留并 向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许学位论文被查阅和借阅； 学校可以公布学位论文的全部或部分内容，可以允许采用影印、缩印或其它复制手 段保存、汇编学位论文。（保密的学位论文在解密后遵守此规定） 保密论文注释：本学位论文属于保密，在 年解密后适用本授权书。 非保密论文注释：本学位论文不属于保密范围，适用本授权书。 作者签名： 日期：2022 年 月 21 日 导师签名： 日期：2022 年 月 21 日 本人已经认真阅读“CALIS 高校学位论文全文数据库发布章程”，同意将本人的 学位论文提交“CALIS 高校学位论文全文数据库”中全文发布,并可按“章程”中的 规定享受相关权益。同意论文提交后滞后：□半年；□一年；□二年； 年发布。 作者签名： 导师签名： 日期：2022 年 月 21 日 日期：2022 年 月 21 日 摘 要 越南当代作家刘光武（Lưu Quang Vũ，1948 - 1988）既是一名诗人，又是著名的剧作家。 在越南当代文坛上，能够像刘光武一样在诸多文学体裁创作上都取得成功的作家极为罕见。在 20 世纪 80 年代越南社会动荡不定的背景下，刘光武创作了 50 多个戏剧剧本，这些剧作分为 四大题材：改革开放题材、战争题材、日常生活题材和民间故事的题材。他是越南戏剧史上具 有独特艺术风格的剧作家。刘光武的戏剧具有一种独特的品格，表现为哲理性、反思精神和深 刻的社会批判性。刘光武的戏剧不仅揭示社会和人的丑恶面，还表达出对人类美好未来的坚定 信念。 20 世纪 80 年代的越南戏剧在长期服务于革命斗争之后，未能及时适应新的和平局面，丧 失其原有的创作活力，逐渐走向衰落。而刘光武以其独特的戏剧创作，为越南当代戏剧注入新 的活力。他用戏剧反映了 20 世纪 80 年代越南社会和政治生活中的诸多敏感问题：计划经济体 制的落后、官僚主义、滥用职权现象、部分干部的道德败坏、战争带来的痛苦和损失、拜金主 义的兴起、人性的丧失等。刘光武通过描述人物在伦理环境、伦理身份、伦理禁忌、人性因子、 兽性因子等因素影响下所作出的伦理选择，揭露社会和政治生活中存在的诸多问题以及不同主 体内在的心理矛盾。 本文聚焦刘光武上述四大题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择，分析和阐述作者对人类和现实生活 中一系列重要问题的伦理思考和伦理主张。本文除绪论和结语外，分为四章。 第一章着重研究改革开放题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择。改革开放是越南政府自 1986 年开 始实施的重要政治举措，旨在改革社会管理机制。改革开放消除了计划经济下的官僚机制，并 运用市场经济体制来进行国家管理。改革开放既是刘光武戏剧的一种题材，又是人物作出伦理 选择的特殊伦理环境。刘光武戏剧中的人物面临着十分艰难的选择：选择改革以求发展，还是 继续服从计划经济体制？需要从实质上改革，还是只是为了敷衍而作出形式上的改革？是否需 要改革思维？坚持对改革的信念还是与困难妥协？改革的真正价值是什么？这不仅是一个走向 的选择，更是有关生活理想和斗争道路的选择。人物最初作出改革选择是极其敏感的，因为计 划经济体制虽然落后，但并未被废除；改革运动虽然受到鼓励，但并未得到正式认可。因此， 一旦人物决定选择改革，就意味着他们愿意踏上斗争之路。他们可能受到批评、纪律处分，甚 至被监禁或失去生命。然而，他们仍然坚定自己的选择，用“新人”的思维来改造社会，引导 社会沿着正确道路发展。 第二章着重研究战争题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择。战争是刘光武戏剧集中反映的另一个大 主题。越南抗美战争虽然十分壮烈，但同时也在越南人身体和心灵上留下深刻的创伤。肉体上 的创伤或许会随着时间流逝而痊愈，但即使战争结束，心理创伤依然难以修复人们不得不继续 面临满目疮痍的战后社会。刘光武这一主题戏剧中的人物面临另一种特殊的伦理环境：身处和 I 平之中的他们要解决起源于战争并一直存续至今的矛盾。伦理环境的变化同样推动伦理身份的 转变：好人变成坏人，有功者变成保守和反进步者，本来有罪的人变成渴望建设新生活的人等。 面对上述问题，刘光武戏剧中的人物要作出十分艰难的选择：选择舍生取义还是苟且偷生；选 择仇恨还是化解仇恨；选择逃避伤痛还是直面现实等。人物的选择既体现人们对生活变化的适 应能力以及抚平战争之痛的渴望，又揭露出战争的残酷性以及人们对战争的厌恶。这些人物的 伦理选择结果最终提出了新的伦理问题：争取到和平是否意味着真正终止了战争之痛？ 第三章着重研究日常生活题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择。刘光武的日常生活题材戏剧作品数 量最多，这些作品真实反映了越南在抗美战争结束、国家统一后的社会现实全景图。由于社会 的剧烈变革，人们需要面临日益增加的新问题与挑战，如物质的诱惑、一部分人的腐化堕落、 对传统价值的否定、年轻一代新的生活方式等。面对新社会复杂的情况，人们有时不免感到困 惑和迷茫。刘光武描述了剧中人物作出伦理选择的复杂过程，面对他们要在理想化与现实性、 良心与诱惑、斗争与妥协之间作出选择，有时这些选择还涉及生存与死亡、光明与黑暗、科学 选择与伦理选择等人生哲理问题。人物的伦理选择也折射出正确生活态度的选择，体现出对“真、 善、美”等永恒不变的追求。 第四章集中研究刘光武民间故事的戏剧中人物的伦理选择。这一类型的戏剧与上述主题的 戏剧截然不同。刘光武运用民间故事和一些神奇的因素来创作别具一格的戏剧作品。其中包括 喜欢说谎的阿贵、化成石头的女人、南曹北斗阴差阳错把一个人的灵魂引入另一个人的肉体、 变成老虎的皇帝等民间故事。在这一类戏剧中，刘光武以全新风格重新编写旧的故事，使原本 的民间故事在新的语境下展现出更深刻的教育意义和哲理意义。刘光武展现了具有非现实因素 环境下人物伦理选择过程，其中包括如何赋予自己存在的资格、如何在每个人都有的人性与兽 性之间作出选择、如何在面对伦理禁忌时作出选择等。那些选择已经超过具体选择的意义，成 为具有深刻哲理意义的选择。与此同时，在这部分戏剧中，斯芬克斯因子成为影响选择的关键 因素，对人物的伦理选择过程产生巨大影响。刘光武这一部分特殊的戏剧作品也体现了他在选 题方面的多样性，为丰富刘光武独特的戏剧艺术风格作出了贡献。 结语部分主要是从宏观的角度总结全文，综合分析刘光武四个题材戏剧的中人物的伦理选 择，并以此阐述刘光武戏剧的价值，佐证了刘光武在越南戏剧文学史中的重要地位，凸显了文 学伦理学批评理论和方法在越南文学研究中所具有的巨大潜力。 关键词：越南戏剧；刘光武；伦理环境；伦理身份；伦理选择。 II Abstract Luu Quang Vu (1948-1988) is a famous poet, writer and playwright of contemporary Vietnamese literature Luu Quang Vu has composed more than 50 plays, divided into major themes such as reform; war; daily life; folk tales He is a playwright with a unique artistic style Studying Luu Quang Vu’s drama, we can feel a specific nature that cannot be confused with any other author That specific nature comes from philosophy, critical spirit and profound social criticism His plays also give warnings about the bad and evils in society, warning about the erosion of human personality Besides, Luu Quang Vu’s drama also show a strong belief in life, faith in people After the war, after spending a long time focusing on serving the goal of revolutionary struggle, Vietnamese drama gradually lost its inherent vitality when the authors could not adapt to new circumstances It was Luu Quang Vu who gave the vitality to Vietnamese drama with plays that reflected sensitive issues in both social and political life at that time This thesis studies the ethical choices of the characters in Luu Quang Vu’s drama under the influence of factors such as ethical environment, ethical identity, ethical dilemma, ethical taboo, human nature, sphinx factor, etc in order to see the ideological and artistic values of Luu Quang Vu’s drama In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1: Research on ethical choices in plays on the subject of of reform The reform is an important decision to change all aspects of the social management mechanism set out in the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1986 The reform has erased the bureaucratic subsidy mechanism, developed the country’s economy according to the market mechanism, and brought the country out of the crisis From after the war until 1986, the system of budget subsidies increasingly revealed its backwardness, causing the socio-economic life in Vietnam to fall into crisis Although the innovation tendency was encouraged, there were no specific policies to implement The system of budget subsidies was outdated but it was still the system applied to run the country That has created a complex interlacing and contradiction Innovation is both a theme of Luu Quang Vu’s drama and a kind of ethical environment described by the author in the work Innovation tendency has formed new ethical conceptions, which are in conflict with the ethical conceptions of the subsidized situation The complexity of the ethical environment has influenced the ethical identity and the choices of characters The characters of Luu Quang Vu are faced with an extremely difficult choice: choosing to reform or continue to maintain the outdated system of budget subsidies The ethical choices of the characters is not simply choosing a direction but also choosing an ideal of life Chapter 2: Research on ethical choices in plays on the subject of war The two wars against the III French and against the US left wounds both in the flesh and in the soul of Vietnamese people Even after the wars were over, those wounds are still silently bleeding The change of ethical environments leads to the change of ethical identities The characters of Luu Quang Vu have to face very difficult choices, choosing hatred or reconciliation, running away or facing the past, etc The choice of characters has now shown the ability to adapt to human life, denouncing war crimes and aspiration to overcome the pain of wars Chapter 3: Research on ethical choices in plays on the subject of daily life The realistic picture of Vietnamese society in the years after the war was reflected very honestly by Luu Quang Vu Many great changes in society had taken place rapidly, people were increasingly facing many new problems such as the temptation of material values, the depravity of a part of people in society, the denial of traditional values, the establishment of a new way of life by young people, etc Facing with these complexities of the new social picture, people were sometimes confused and felt disoriented Luu Quang Vu has built a very complicated process of ethical choices of the characters It’s the choice between ideals and reality, conscience and temptations It’s also choices associated with philosophical issues of life: life and death, light and darkness, scientific selection and ethical selection, etc There are ethical choicess that take place when people face the adversities of society, but there are also ethical choices that take place when people have to face themselves The ethical choice of the characters is also the choice of a right attitude to life, demonstrating the sustainability of the values of the True, the Good and the Beautiful Chapter 4: Research on ethical choices in plays on the subject of folk tales Luu Quang Vu has used folk tales to build plays with their own styles It’s a story about The Moon Boy who often lies; is a story about Vong Phu Stone; is a story about Nam Tao and Bac Dau who mistakenly let this person’s soul enter another person’s body; is a story of a king who turned into a tiger in the treasure of Vietnamese fairy tales, etc In this dramatic division of Luu Quang Vu, old stories have been rewritten in a new style, expressing new deeper meanings Luu Quang Vu focused on building the process of people’s ethical choices how to exist as themselves; choosing between human nature and animal nature in each person; the choice of people in the face of ethical taboos All of those choices have profound philosophical implications Besides, for this dramatic division, the sphinx factor becomes an extremely important factor and has a strong impact on the ethical choices of the characters This unique dramatic division of Luu Quang Vu shows the diversity in his choice of themes, contributing to Luu Quang Vu’s unique Dramatics style Part 3: This section summarizes the characteristics of ethical choices in the four themes mentioned above, thereby pointing out the ethical value of Luu Quang Vu’s drama, affirming the position of Luu Quang Vu in Vietnamese literature Through that analysis to point out the development potential of IV Ethical Literary Criticism in Vietnam Key words: Vietnamese drama; Luu Quang Vu; ethical environment; ethical identity; ethical choices V 目 摘 录 要 ····················································································································· I ABSTRACT ············································································································ III 绪 论 ·····················································································································1 一、选题缘由 ·········································································································1 二、国内外研究现状 ································································································ 三、研究意义与研究方法 ························································································ 30 四、创新之处 ······································································································· 32 第一章 刘光武改革开放题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择 ······················································· 33 第一节 改革开放题材戏剧中伦理环境对人物伦理选择的影响 ··············································· 33 一、改革开放题材戏剧中多重复杂的伦理环境 ·························································· 33 二、伦理环境变化影响下人物的伦理选择 ································································ 41 第二节 改革开放题材戏剧中人物伦理身份与伦理选择的关系 ··············································· 50 一、社会主义的新人及其对旧伦理观念的挑战 ·························································· 51 二、伦理身份变化影响下的伦理选择 ······································································ 55 第三节 改革开放题材戏剧中人物伦理选择的特点 ························································· 64 一、逻辑悖论式的伦理选择 ·················································································· 64 二、具有斗争意义的伦理选择 ··············································································· 67 小结 ··················································································································· 71 第二章 刘光武战争题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择 ····························································· 73 第一节 战争题材戏剧创作的伦理环境 ········································································ 73 一、战争题材戏剧的创作背景 ··············································································· 73 二、战争环境所形成的伦理困境及其对伦理身份的改变 ·············································· 82 第二节 战争题材戏剧中进退维谷的伦理选择 ······························································· 84 一、在舍生取义或苟且偷生中作出选择 ··································································· 84 二、在心怀仇恨或化解仇恨中作出选择 ··································································· 89 三、在逃避伤痛或直面现实中作出选择 ··································································· 93 第三节 战争题材戏剧中人物伦理选择的特点 ······························································· 98 一、伦理选择受规范伦理的支配 ············································································ 98 二、旨在寻找“和平答案”的伦理选择······································································· 99 小结 ·················································································································· 101 第三章 刘光武日常生活题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择 ······················································ 103 第一节 日常生活题材戏剧中人物伦理选择与伦理环境的关系 ········································· 103 一、日常生活题材戏剧中的越南社会现实 ······························································· 103 二、伦理环境影响下的伦理选择 ··········································································· 107 第二节 日常生活题材戏剧中人生哲理视角下的伦理选择 ··············································· 124 一、在生或死中作出选择 ···················································································· 125 二、在光明或黑暗中作出选择 ·············································································· 129 三、在科学选择或伦理选择中作出选择 ·································································· 132 第三节 日常生活题材戏剧中人物伦理选择的特点 ······················································· 135 一、伦理选择体现高度的反思性 ··········································································· 136 二、伦理选择体现刘光武对生活和人类的信心 ························································· 138 小结 ·················································································································· 140 第四章 刘光武民间故事题材戏剧中人物的伦理选择 ······················································ 142 第一节 民间故事题材戏剧中的旧典故、新剧情 ··························································· 142 一、文学中“故事新编”的相关问题 ········································································ 142 二、从民间故事到刘光武戏剧的剧情 ····································································· 145 三、文学伦理学批评视域下对民间故事题材戏剧进行研究的特殊性 ······························ 150 第二节 具有人文价值的伦理选择 ············································································· 153 一、在灵肉统一或矛盾地存在中作出选择 ······························································· 154 二、在谎言或真心中作出选择 ·············································································· 161 三、在人性或兽性中作出选择 ·············································································· 164 第三节 民间故事题材戏剧中人物伦理选择的特点 ························································ 172 一、斯芬克斯因子是悲剧的原因 ··········································································· 172 二、伦理禁忌是维护伦理秩序的基础 ····································································· 175 小结 ·················································································································· 177 结 语 ·················································································································· 179 参考文献 ··············································································································· 182 致 谢 ·················································································································· 201 ... 论文作者：TRAN DINH NHAN (中文名字：陈廷仁) 指导教师：苏晖教授 学科专业：比较文学与世界文学 研究方向：越南文学 华中师范大学文学院 2022年5月 Dissertation Research on Ethical Choices in Drama by Contemporary Vietnamese Playwright Luu Quang Vu By Tran Dinh... complex interlacing and contradiction Innovation is both a theme of Luu Quang Vu? ??s drama and a kind of ethical environment described by the author in the work Innovation tendency has formed new ethical. .. artistic values of Luu Quang Vu? ??s drama In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1: Research on ethical choices in plays on the subject of