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MOLECULAR IMAGING
Edited by Bernhard Schaller
Molecular Imaging
Edited by Bernhard Schaller
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the
accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no
responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any
materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Martina Durovic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team
First published March, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Molecular Imaging, Edited by Bernhard Schaller
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0359-2
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Background, Theories and Methods of Molecular Imaging 1
Chapter 1 Modern Quantitative Techniques for
PET/CT/MR Hybrid Imaging 3
Babak Saboury, Mateen Moghbel,
Sandip Basu and Abass Alavi
Chapter 2 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging 15
Enrique Morales-Avila, Guillermina Ferro-Flores,
Blanca E. Ocampo-García
and Flor de María Ramírez
Chapter 3 Fluorescent X-Ray Computed Tomography Using
Synchrotron Radiation Towards Molecular Imaging 39
Tetsuya Yuasa and Tohoru Takeda
Chapter 4 Investigating the Conformation of HER Membrane Proteins
in Cells via Single Molecule and FLIM Microscopy 71
Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez, David T. Clarke, Michael Hirsch,
Sarah R. Needham, Selene K. Roberts, Daniel J. Rolfe,
Chris J. Tynan, Stephen E.D. Webb, Martyn Winn,
and Laura Zanetti Domingues
Chapter 5 Nucleic Acid Aptamers for In Vivo Molecular Imaging 95
Vittorio de Franciscis, Anna Rienzo and Laura Cerchia
Chapter 6 3D Optical Imaging of Fluorescent
Agents in Biological Tissues 117
Manuel Freiberger and Hermann Scharfetter
Chapter 7 Focal Modulation Microscopy: Principle and Techniques 145
Nanguang Chen, Guangjun Gao and Shau Poh Chong
Chapter 8 Automated Segmentation and Morphometry of Cell and
Tissue Structures. Selected Algorithms in ImageJ 183
Dimiter Prodanov and Kris Verstreken
VI Contents
Part 2 Specific Applications with Clinical Examples 209
Chapter 9 Molecular Imaging of Stem Cells:
A New Area for Neuroscience 211
Nora Sandu, Fatemeh Momen-Heravi, Pooyan Sadr-Eshkevari,
Ali Arvantaj and Bernhard Schaller
Chapter 10 Molecular MRI of Atherosclerosis 221
B.C. Te Boekhorst and K. Nicolay
Chapter 11 Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerotic
Coronary Plaques by Fluorescent Angioscopy 247
Yasumi Uchida and Yuko Maezawa
Chapter 12 Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis 269
Shaunagh McDermott and Alexander Guimaraes
Chapter 13 PET and SPECT Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis 303
Marcian E. Van Dort, Pedram Navid-Azarbaijani,
Rajesh Ranga, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Brian D Ross,
Allan E David and Mahaveer S Bhojani
Chapter 14 Molecular Imaging Studies on CD133
+
Hematopoietic
Stem Cells From Human Umbilical Cord Blood 317
L.F. Pavon, L.C. Marti, T.T. Sibov, M.I. Camargo-Mathias,
Jr.E. Amaro and L.F. Gamarra
Chapter 15 Diagnostic and Treatment
Response Imaging in Lymphomas 331
Xingchen Wu
and Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
Chapter 16 Targeting EGFR and HER2 for
Molecular Imaging of Cancer 351
Haibiao Gong, Lakshmi Sampath,
Joy L. Kovar and D. Mike Olive
Part 3 Recent Developments and Trends 375
Chapter 17 Recent Development and Trends in Molecular
Imaging Probes for Prostate Cancer 377
Wenbin Zeng, Zhiguo Liu and Wei Wang
Preface
Molecular Imaging represents a unique project that was only possible by the exceptional
InTech support. The authors of the book give therefore an overview of the relatively
new topic of molecular imaging, with broad background to basic but also clinical
sciences. The present book is best suited not only for the beginners in the area to gain
some overview of the feature, but also for professionals to see trends of other groups
from all over the world.
Molecular imaging has rapidly gained influence in medicine, not only for different
research projects, but also in the view of personalized medicine. The door for
personalized medicine is now widely open. Also in this direction, the present book
gives more than only a little food for thought.
Even if Molecular Imaging covers a broad part of the whole topic, it was and it is not
our goal to be comprehensive. Such a project can never be complete, and different
authors from all over the world can only give some insights of their daily work. Ideas
how molecular imaging will develop in the near future present a special delicacy.
We hope that readers will enjoy this book. I would like to thank all those who made
the project possible, especially Ms Pantar and Mrs Durovic from InTech. They both
were angels for the authors.
Prof. Bernhard Schaller, MD, PhD, DSC
Department of Neurosurgery,
University of Paris 7, Paris,
France
[...]... correlates well with cognitive function, as measured by mini-mental status examinations16 10 Molecular Imaging Atrophy corrected average CMRGlc MeanCMRGlc percentageof brain tissuein theintracranial volume Global metabolic activity was first measured in studies of AD by Alavi et al.1 It was calculated by multiplying segmented brain volumes—as determined by MR by the mean metabolic rate for glucose to yield... contrast to conventional diagnostic imaging, MI seeks to probe the molecular abnormalities that are the basis of disease rather than capture the images of the end effects of the molecular alterations Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and optical fluorescence imaging (OI) have been used to monitor... VEGF imaging PET/NIR imaging, tissue homogenate fluorescence measurement, and immunofluorescence staining were performed with U87MG human glioblastoma tumor-bearing mice to quantify the 64Cu-DOTA-QD-RGD and 64CuDOTA-QD-VEGF uptake in tumor and major organs Excellent linear correlation was obtained between the results measured by in vivo PET imaging and those measured by ex vivo NIR fluorescent imaging. .. calculated by multiplying the partial-volume corrected SUV by the volume of the lesion measured by CT and dividing the product by the recovery coefficient MB SUVmeanCT VCT RC Metabolic burden is a promising method of assessing total body tumor burden, but there are other techniques that also draw from the concept of global metabolic activity The measure of Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) multiplies SUV by. .. sequence or a poly-ethyleneglycol linker Fig 1 Schematic structure of a radiolabeled nanoparticle design for molecular imaging 3 Radiolabeled nanoparticles for SPECT molecular imaging Peptide receptors are proteins that are overexpressed in numerous human cancer cells These receptors have been used as molecular targets, allowing radiolabeled peptides to identify tumors The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor... following sections 3.1 Synthesis of NP cores The most common nanomaterials reported for SPECT imaging are iron oxide NPs, gold NPs, silver NPs and carbon nanotubes NPs usually have optical or magnetic properties that can be used for molecular imaging, whereas polymer- or liposome-based NPs do not produce imaging signals by themselves NP core synthesis generally follows standardized strategies; for example,... the longitudinal band is red-shifted between 675–850 nm in the interest of optical imaging This occupies the most important part of the “optical imaging window” where light penetration in tissue is high due to reduced scattering and absorption 19 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging coefficients Optical imaging techniques that rely on scattering and/or absorption contrast to detect pathological... Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging Enrique Morales-Avila1,2, Guillermina Ferro-Flores1, Blanca E Ocampo-García1,2 and Flor de María Ramírez1 1Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Autónoma del Estado de México, 2Universidad Mexico 1 Introduction Molecular imaging (MI) comprises non-invasive monitoring of functional and spatiotemporal processes at molecular and cellular levels... for PET-CT for this anatomic site This is mainly due to the fact that information provided by CT for 12 Molecular Imaging central nervous disorders is suboptimal and therefore combined PET-MRI will provide superior data in the brain It is possible that orthopedic applications of PET may substantially improve by combining PET and MRI, particularly in the structures of the feet and the knees It is unclear... domain Finally, the use of hybrid imaging has substantially improved our ability to optimally quantify PET data This will further enhance the role of functional imaging for accurate characterization of lesions and response to therapy 15 Summary The information provided in this chapter reveals a paradigm shift in medical imaging and has described in detail the need for hybrid imaging with an emphasis on PET-CT .
MOLECULAR IMAGING
Edited by Bernhard Schaller
Molecular Imaging
Edited by Bernhard Schaller
Published by InTech. hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Molecular Imaging, Edited by Bernhard Schaller
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0359-2
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