... in the microcolony. Nutrient gradients occur from the surface ofthe biofilm to the most internal parts, thereby influencing the bacterial physiology and consequently modifying the speed of ... phagocytosis and even the alginate functions as a negative immunomodulator for the host [4]. Another example ofthe formation of biofilms is that produced by bacteria ofthe genus Staphylococcus, ... Importantly, the structure of lipid A is the most conserved compared to the structure ofthe core oligosaccharides and antigen O [9,10]. 6.1. The core oligosaccharides The assembly of lipid A from the...
... encountered the tundra lands of the far north before the end ofthe seventeenth century. The tundra, which is the region of swamp, moss, peat, lichen, scrub and perennial grassland to the north ofthe ... ontowards the Urals. Beyond the Urals it continues across the southern part of west Siberia until interrupted bythe western slopes ofthe Altai Mountains. The forest-steppe’s northern boundary in the ... means of reaching lucrative markets by water. Towards the end ofthe ninth century a new political structureformed on the middle Volga, under the auspices ofthe khagan ofthe Bulgars;theBulgars...
... to all [other]national migrations: namely from the west to the east, from the shores of the Volga to the coasts ofthe Pacific Ocean.’ Thehistoryofthe exploration andsettlement of all Siberia, ... Professor ofHistory at the University of Sunderland and the author of Between Two Revolutions: Stolypin and the Politics of Renewal inRussia (1998) and The End of Imperial Russia (1997).theodore ... wereintroducedintheGrand DuchyofFinlandaroundtheturn ofthe century. Particularly resented were the introduction of Russian as the language of official business and the attempt to subject Finns to the Russian13...
... public eyewitnesses ofthe nature ofthe movement and the USSR,all the more credible and authentic in the eyes ofthe public by virtue of theirexperience within and break with the party. Within ... to the fall of the monarchy in March 1917; and volume III continues the storythrough to the end ofthe twentieth century. At the core of all threevolumes are the Russians, the lands which they ... advo-cate of appeasement in the 1930s, a philosopher ofhistory and the prolificauthor of a multi-volume historyofthe Soviet Union, 1917–29.93Even in the 1930s when Carr had been sympathetic to the...
... risen bythe capillary attraction of the piece of cane, just as it does through the cotton in the candle.Now, the only reason why the candle doesnot burn all down the side ofthe wick is,that the ... START OF THIS PROJECTGUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHEMICAL HISTORYOF A CANDLE***Produced by Clare Boothby, RichardPrairie and the PG Online DistributedProofreading Team THE CHEMICAL HISTORY OF ACANDLELECTURE ... haveone ofthe most beautiful illustrations of the general nature of a candle that I canpossibly give. The fuel provided, the means of bringing that fuel to the place of chemical action, the regular...
... 'god'. Andin the development ofthe alphabet it was the name which determined the sound, rather than the sound which determined the name (the initialsound ofthe name was identical to the sound ... the meaning of morphological elements is the domain of syntax. In contrast to the forms of a language which, after all, can be described rather objectively,an analysis ofthe function of these ... aspect of the diphthongal system is uncertain and subject to fierce debate and the most controversial of these are discussed in Đ3.3.3 in the context of the development ofthe language. The situation...
... ^-declension. The paradigm of cat, then, would be {cat} ~{cat} +{sj ~ {cat} + {s2}, and similarly for dog and church, by virtue of their membership ofthe same paradigm. On the other hand, the paradigm ... ignore the infinitive the alternation would be the same as in drifan, despite the fact that the original post-vocalic consonant was in the case of the former *[b], in the case ofthe latter ... wordsshare. In these words this differentiating vowel is called the theme. The combination of root + theme gives us the morphological element whichis called the stem.Themes in Germanic were of three...
... (1951), followed by Kuhn & Quirk(1953), then followed by a sequence of papers in the periodical Language over the next decade. Many ofthe papers espousing the traditional point of viewcan ... whether this is a result ofthe Latin or of the OE; however, when the two are distinctly different, we may assumethat we have fairly clear evidence of OE rather than of Latin structure.Where the ... flights.where the Latin is Scipio p/urima bella gessit ' Scipio many warswaged'.In View Ofthe later historyofthe progressive in English, and the replacement ofthe BE + ende...
... represents the exact words ofthe reportedproposition, and when the subjects ofthe main clause and of the complement are the same. It is only occasionally absent if the complement represents the words ... Jim to paint the kitchen ='She expected that Jim would paint the kitchen'. If the subject of the lower verb is co-referential with the subject ofthe higher verb, thenthere is no ... facing the sea, called Byzantium, because hewas pleased with the idea that they might best find peace there.We may construe (178) as follows: the fact ofthe possibility pleasedthem; however,...
... Only the meaning of a lexical item ofthe donor language istransferred to the receptor language, when either: (a) the meaning of some lexical item ofthe donor language influences the meaning of ... the kinsmen): ' Andthen they (K) offered their kinsmen that they might depart unscathed. Andthey (E) said that the same offer had been made to their (K) comrades, whohad been with the ... deeply the Anglo-Saxon way of thinking had been influenced not only by the impact of Christianity, but also bythe language through which it hadbeen brought to them, Latin. On the other hand, they...
... Marchand1969:15fT.). The basic criterion used here is the derived status of the determinatum and the function ofthe determinant as one of the arguments ofthe underlying predicate.2 Regular compounds(a) The ... together with other types of zero-derivation.Since the explicit morphological structure of such formations did notagree with their function, they were often reformed by either changing the ... monostratal because ofthe nature ofthe OE texts, which allcome from the same type of social group and represent only the writtenlanguage. At the same time this limits the dimension of& apos; attitude'...
... trace thehistoryofthe spread or decline of the selected features. They also hope to explain those changes by relatingthem to contact among speakers of different varieties, to the mobility of significant ... additions to the Rushworth Gospels (Ral). As is the case forNorthumbria, no East Midland texts apparently survive the period of the Viking invasions of England.Since the texts ofthe period ofthe Mercian ... discovery of the regularity of sound change; ours, from the correlation of patterns in the ubiquitous variation of living languages to the processes of linguisticchange. Some scholars, of course,...
... ways, the traditional techniques of versecomposition both discourage the use of a variety of verbs and deprivethem of emphasis when they are used. One further manifestation of thisis the use of ... Apollonius of Tyre and some saints' lives. The high period of prose came towards the end ofthe tenth century, with the work of the homilist ./Elfric, the acknowledged master of Old English ... Alfred: the four works by Alfred himself (the Pastoral Care, the translation of Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy, the Soliloquies and the prose part of the Paris Psalter), the anonymous...
... to the Past: Place-Names and the History of England. London:Dent1978b. &apos ;The effect of man on the landscape: the place-name evidence inBerkshire'. In The Effect on Man on the ... role ofthe noun phrase referring to an entity orperson affected bythe activity or state ofthe verb, e.g. Jane in Jane knew the answer, Jane heard the music.extraposition The process of ... expression of case, mood ortemporal relations. Thus of the man is the periphrastic counterpart of the man's.phonaestheme A phoneme or sequence of phonemes which has the property of sound...
... and occupie the saide office of Chaunceller of Irelond by hym self or by his sufficient depute there after the fourme of the kynges le//res patentes to hym made ferof. the which ... the major historical divisions between volumesare based upon the former type of events (the Norman Conquest, the spread of printing, the declaration of independence bythe USA) ratherthan the ... through most of our period,and it is especially associated with the homiletic tradition. At first therewere writings in both the east and the west ofthe country, though by the end of the twelfth...