Optimization of Canola Co-Product Utilization in Swine

South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2019 Optimization of Canola Co-Product Utilization in Swine Jung Wook Lee South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Jung Wook, "Optimization of Canola Co-Product Utilization in Swine" (2019) Electronic Theses and Dissertations 3654 https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3654 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange For more information, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu OPTIMIZATION OF CANOLA CO-PRODUCT UTILIZATION IN SWINE BY JUNG WOOK LEE A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Major in Animal Science South Dakota State University 2019 DocuSign Envelope ID: 2CC1E6E6-A95C-4C32-A47B-EC241052E1CC ii DISSERTATION ACCEPTANCE PAGE Jung Wook Lee This dissertation is approved as a creditable and independent investigation by a candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree and is acceptable for meeting the dissertation requirements for this degree Acceptance of this does not imply that the conclusions reached by the candidate are necessarily the conclusions of the major department Dr Tofuko Woyengo Advisor Date Joseph P Cassady Department Head Date Dean, Graduate School Date iii This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Kyung Sook Choi and Song Jae Lee iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to Dr Tofuko A Woyengo for granting me this opportunity to pursue a doctorate degree in monogastric nutrition Without his guidance and support, it would not have been possible for me to complete my doctorate program at SDSU I am truly honored to have had an opportunity to work with him, learn from him and get involved in various research projects Second, I would like to sincerely thank my committee members Drs Teresa Seefeldt, Benoit St Pierre, and Joy Scaria for serving on my committee I am very thankful to the previous and current members of Dr Woyengo’s laboratory: Emily Scholtz, Casey Zangaro, Kevin Jerez-Bogota, Cristian Sánchez, Jimena Alejandra Ibagón, Dr Jinsu Hong, Heeseong Kim, and Samuel Ariyibi for all contributing to my research projects Last, I greatly appreciate the sacrifices and endless love of my parents, Song Jae Lee and Kyung Sook Choi v FOREWORD This dissertation was written and prepared in a manuscript format and it is composed of six manuscripts The six manuscripts were written based on data collected from the five studies that were conducted to test the hypotheses and achieve the objectives of thesis research The first manuscript was written based on data obtained from the first in vitro study The second and third manuscripts were written based on data obtained from the second study The fourth manuscript was written based on data collected from the third pilot study The fifth manuscript was written based on results from the fourth study The sixth manuscript was written based on data collected from the fifth in vitro study The first manuscript has been published in Animal Feed Science and Technology, whereas the second manuscript has been published in the Journal of Animal Science The fifth and sixth manuscripts are in preparation for publication Authors to the published manuscripts are as follows: first manuscript – J W Lee, R Patterson, and T A Woyengo; second manuscript – J W Lee and T A Woyengo In this dissertation, the manuscripts were written and prepared in accordance to the guidelines for the Journal of Animal Science manuscript preparation vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ix LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF TABLES xii ABSTRACT xv CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO 2.1 Canola 2.3 Dietary Fiber 10 2.4 Glucosinolates 15 2.4.1 Effect of Glucosinolates on Performance, Organ Weights, and Thyroid Hormones 18 2.4.2 Effect of Glucosinolates on Swine Gut Microbiome 23 2.4.3 Glucosinolate Degradation Products 27 2.4.4 Factors Affecting Composition of Degradation Products of Glucosinolates 29 2.5 Glucosinolate Metabolism in Swine 34 2.6 Strategies for Reducing Toxicity of Glucosinolates 38 2.6.1 Reducing Glucosinolate Content Through Heat Treatment 38 2.6.2 Reducing pH in Hindgut of Pigs 39 2.7 Summary and Perspectives 40 CHAPTER THREE 42 CHAPTER FOUR 44 4.1 ABSTRACT 44 4.2 INTRODUCTION 45 4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 47 4.3.1 Experimental Design and Treatments 47 4.3.2 Porcine In Vitro Digestion 47 4.3.3 Porcine In Vitro Microbial Fermentation 48 4.3.4 Sample Preparation and Feedstuff Analyses 50 4.3.5 Calculations and Statistical Analysis 51 4.4 RESULTS 52 4.5 DISCUSSION 55 CHAPTER FIVE 66 5.1 ABSTRACT 66 vii 5.2 INTRODUCTION 67 5.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 69 5.3.1 Animals and Housing 69 5.3.2 Experimental Diets 69 5.3.3 Experimental Design and Procedure 70 5.3.4 Sample Preparation and Analyses 71 5.3.5 Statistical Analysis 71 5.4 RESULTS 72 5.5 DISCUSSION 73 CHAPTER SIX 88 6.1 ABSTRACT 88 6.2 INTRODUCTION 89 6.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 91 6.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 94 CHAPTER SEVEN 103 7.1 ABSTRACT 103 7.2 INTRODUCTION 104 7.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 105 7.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 106 CHAPTER EIGHT 113 8.1 ABSTRACT 113 8.2 INTRODUCTION 114 8.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 116 8.3.1 Animals and Housing 116 8.3.2 Experimental Diets 117 8.3.3 Experimental Design and Procedure 117 8.3.4 Sample Preparation and Analyses 119 8.3.5.Determination of Isothiocyanates Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 120 8.3.6 Statistical Analysis 121 8.4 RESULTS 121 8.5 DISCUSSION 124 CHAPTER NINE 141 9.1 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