role of hydrogen in renewable energy era

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Role of hydrogen in renewable energy era Rally to cover earth surface by renewable energy parks Hydrogen is major inevitable tool ON THE EARTH, not only for global earth energy transition, but also for new more effective global energy evolution model ON THE EARTH 1/ Global renewable energy transition is absolutely serious feasible scientific concept First of all, need to remind again that nature renewable energy source capacity power on earth is more hundreds times than the power of all world human activities in 2020y in average Renewable energy sources on earth are not toys of joking, they are really more hundreds times than the need to power all the human demands at current human rate at 2020y It is feasible, but not for lazy people just waiting to receive renewable energy without acting Because of colossal of earth renewable energy, renewable energy transition is not only for ecology, but also for money Need to cover earth surface/parts of earth surface by renewable energy parks "Cover parts of earth surface" sounds difficultly, but it is quite feasible and even easy, because renewable energy parks can be easy very large sized In a preliminary analysis, it shows that if people want, then they can cover entire earth land surface by renewable energy parks in less 40 years Without affords to cover parts of earth surface by renewable energy parks, no renewable energy transition is feasible Cover earth surface/parts of earth surface by renewable energy parks, means : 1.1/ Gradually try to fill suitable areas by renewable energy parks In land, in rivers, in oceans 1.2/ Convert world current cities architectures into new renewable energy friendly city architectures, which more comfortably harness city renewable energy in resident home rooftops, in future rooftops of all roads and pavements At this time, all cities roads/pavements miss large amounts of renewable energy above road rooftops 1.3/ Convert agricultural farms into agrivoltaic zones to harness solar energy in sunny areas In lot of current large agricultural farms in sunny areas, plants take very small amount of solar energy, so substantial solar energy is lost in form of heat Convert agricultural farms into workshops, which harness solar energy in workshops rooftops, then can use part of solar electricity for agricultural LED lamps for plants Today plants become to depend on fertilizes + water + LED lights more than depending on soils Modern farms may not need soils and sun light, but need agricultural LED light + water + fertilizers 2/ State critical energy supply safety level : In cases of global/regional economic crisis, state energy supply abilities must be capable to supply enough energy for : + Electricity/energy for resident warming at minimal level + Electricity/energy for key agriculture at minimal level + Electricity for resident houses uses at minimal level + Electricity/energy for crucial industrial spheres at minimal activity level + Electricity/energy for crucial transport traffic at minimal activity level It is state critical energy supply safety level It is impossible for every states to guarantee energy supply safety capacity for fully working all activities and industries at full power But in almost all countries, even in some very cold european countries, if (1.2/) and (1.3/) are normal realized, then (1.2/) + (1.3/) and/or with very little (1.1/) + basic nocomplicated hydrogen infrastructures quite enough guarantee to achieve state critical energy supply safety level Any states should guarantee their state critical energy supply safety levels, which are feasible achieved by (1.2/) + (1.3/) + basic nocomplicated hydrogen infrastructures 3/ Which artificial energy distributing models are better in earth conditions ? Artificial direct energy distributing model, or artificial fuel energy distributing model Which is better ? Artificial direct energy distributing model : we transfer directly energy from energy sources to consuming devices at live energy consuming time We use batteries (for example in battery cars) to receive energy from direct energy sources, and battery mobility devices must always stick to energy gates when transferring energy We are using artificial direct energy distributing model in the world this time Artificial fuel energy distributing model : we not transfer direct energy to consuming processes, but we transfer artificial fuels to energy consuming processes Hydrogen is a type of artificial fuels in artificial fuel energy distributing model There are crucial bad features of artificial direct energy distributing model : 3.1/ Energy latency causes energy loss Energy latency between the live power of energy supplying and live power of energy demanding causes energy loss Every time, when energy latency rises, then energy loss rises too For example, at the moment t0, the energy supplying gives power of 10 energy units, and the energy demanding receives power of 10 energy units Then, at the next moment t1, the energy demanding needs only energy units, but the energy supplying can not successfully trigger the change in energy demand immediately, so only after some short time, the energy supplying triggers changes and will give energy units instead of 10 energy units We say : energy latency happens In real life, energy latency happens frequently, and causes energy loss 3.2/ Inevitable "double recharge cycles" of mobility devices in artificial direct energy distributing systems Double recharge cycles decrease energy efficiency of mobility devices Because of intermittency between energy supplying sources and energy demanding mobility devices, mobility devices very often CAN NOT BE CHARGED DIRECTLY FROM THE ENERGY SUPPLY SOURCES For example, it is very often that renewable energy charges some stationary batteries of charging stations, then stationary batteries charge device batteries of mobility devices (battery cars) In these cases, we call that mobility devices fall in double recharge cycles When estimate energy efficiency of mobility devices, from the point of last users, people often wrong think that energy efficiency of mobility devices is about 65% (efficiency of lithium batteries in real life noideal application conditions) But when fall in double recharge cycles, real energy efficiency of mobility devices is only 65%x65% ≈ 42.2%, because there are recharging in every cycles Even if batteries can be fully recharged in near zero seconds, then battery mobility devices (battery cars) will often fall in double recharge cycles too Example : A solar energy park has power rate 1Mw, can give total Mwh electricity in total sunny hours You have a fleet of battery cars, which need totally 8Mwh electricity for operating day Every your battery cars have holy grail ability to be full charged 0%->100% in near seconds If you want to charge your fleet of battery cars in quick charging mode hour, then you need total power rate supply 8Mw, but your solar energy park has power rate only 1Mw, need additional Mw power rate from other sources Today reality is that they just get additional Mw power rate from coal energy stations If you decide to use bigger energy power park, for example a solar energy park 8Mw, then your big solar energy park 8Mw need only 1h to full charge your fleet of battery cars (your fleet of battery cars need totally Mwh for working) Then in other 7h of sunny times, the sun still works, and your big energy power park charges some stationary batteries, which then charge your battery cars/other battery cars in other times -> Your battery cars/other battery cars fall in double recharge cycles 3.3/ Charging time, and requirements of direct connecting devices to energy sources are some contributors for economic recession In artificial direct energy distributing systems, energy demanding devices must always stick to energy sources, and always need to sticks batteries to energy sources in long charging time durations These factors of course are some kinds of contributors to economic recession If study carefully, then it is obvious that economic loss of these factors is substantial 3.4/ Nature uses fuel energy distributing models everywhere in earth, in planets, in universe, in nature All nature creatures not receive energy directly from energy sources All nature creatures receive energy through renewable fuels No places for direct energy distributing models in nature But everywhere fuel energy distributing models in nature We see the checked result : efficient nature energy distributing model ! So the nature hints that artificial fuel energy distributing model is very good for all activities on earth Hydrogen energy model, in fact, is artificial fuel energy distributing model (with hydrogen is artificial fuel) 4/ Hydrogen energy model is very good artificial energy distributing model in earth conditions, not only for renewable energy sources, but also for future super high energy sources Hydrogen energy model can help to deal with colossal amounts of renewable energy/clean energy Hydrogen energy model avoids above flaws (3.1/) (3.2/) (3.3/) of direct energy distributing models Especially the flaws (3.1/) and (3.3/) are substantial 5/ Basic components of hydrogen infrastructures are quite simple and cheap Hydrogen technology is progressing But the world can expand hydrogen model globally right now based on current most basic technologies, instead of halt hydrogen infrastructure development process to wait for new coming technologies Current basic existing hydrogen technologies quite enough allow to build efficient working hydrogen infrastructures Then future new coming hydrogen technologies will be gradually added to improve It means that need to build the following basic simple components in hydrogen energy models : 5.1/ Hydrogen storage : Standard compressed hydrogen tanks/canisters 300 bar – 700 bar are well proved variant of efficient energy storage Compressed hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks, which have inside/outside reinforcing skeletons, will allow to make tanks wall to be thinner but stronger and more steadily Thus reinforcing skeleton tanks 300bar-700bar are very lightweight but very steadily and can be flexible sized as small bottle size or 40feet container size or size of big ships Hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 300 bar-700 bar already guarantee safe storage and enough energy onboard for all following applications : + small hydrogen cars, motorcycles, human sized robots + big hydrogen vehicles + trains + ships + planes (Planes more effectively use liquid hydrogen Compressed hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 700bar can supply enough energy onboard for various commercial planes applications, they are not optimal solution, but they are simple working solution ) + stationary energy storage for seasons For example, a yard with tens of compressed hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 700bar can power social communes for months + Private home and garden energy storage Compressed hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks/balloons 300bar-700bar need to be main hydrogen energy storage variant in all general purposed hydrogen applications at this time of 2021y Test in pilot projects : If any doubt rise, then just make reinforcing skeleton tanks 700+ bar to testing in appropriate pilot projects These hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 700 bars will obviously show that they supply quite enough necessary energy in all above applications, even thought tanks can be not very compact sized, but not very big uncomfortable sized 5.2/ Decentralized nets of electrolysing hydrogen filling stations with electric cables: Decentralized hydrogen production onsite is good model It means that from the clean/renewable/other energy source, should connect through electric cables to many places of consumers, in where to build many small distributed electrolysing hydrogen filling stations, instead of just connect to place to build only very big electrolysing hydrogen filling station Especially when hydrogen pipelines are temporary difficult stuffs at 2021y, and demand sources are distributed in various places Of course, need build electric lines, need invest more on electric grids Electrolysing hydrogen filling stations should be begun in basic variant (electrolysers + compressors + compressed hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 350bar – 700 bar) Then time by time possible add more hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 350 bar – 700 bar for more storage These electrolysing hydrogen filling stations are quite simple and noexpensive Try to ignore liquid hydrogen Encourage renewable/clean energy projects owners to build decentralized nets of electrolysing filling stations with electric cables Because It help them to decrease energy curtailments 5.3/ Centralized nets of hydrogen filling stations with hydrogen pipelines : Centralized hydrogen productions need hydrogen pipelines for effective transferring It means that from a centralized big hydrogen production plant, should built hydrogen pipelines to many hydrogen filling stations Of course, need to build hydrogen pipelines, need to invest more on hydrogen pipeline grids Hydrogen filling stations should be begun in basic variant (compressors + compressed hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 350bar – 700 bar) Then time by time possible add more hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tanks 350 bar – 700 bar for more storage These hydrogen filling stations with hydrogen pipeline are quite simple and noexpensive Try to ignore liquid hydrogen Encourage hydrogen production projects owners to build centralized nets of hydrogen filling stations with hydrogen pipelines Because It helps them to sell more hydrogen 5.4/ Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are centerpieces to allow off grid electrification every where and off grid electrifying houses/facilities every where It is always very comfortable and fantastic to build electrifying houses/facilities everywhere in your local areas without connecting to electrical grids Off grid electrifying houses/facilities are really kind of dream freedom! Extensible hydrogen fuel cell cars 350-700 bars and/or standard hydrogen fuel cell cars 350-700 bars are centerpieces for flexible electrification everywhere Extensible hydrogen fuel cell cars 700 bars are standard hydrogen fuel cell cars, but with little bigger hydrogen tanks (of with extensible hydrogen tanks) How the model works : hydrogen fuel cell vehicles go to local hydrogen filling stations (in (5.1/) and (5.2/) ) to load compressed hydrogen 700 bar, then come back to houses to power houses by integrated hydrogen fuel cells of cars One today popular passenger hydrogen fuel cell car with full integrated hydrogen tanks 700 bar can power a standard resident house for many days and even for week Extensible hydrogen fuel cell cars can power off grid houses for month (with houses warming function included too) Certified hydrogen forklifts 700 bar, which are reinforcing skeleton tanks 700 bars on wheels with/without integrated hydrogen fuel cells, are noexpensive, and can power off grid houses and various off grid facilities for months or even years per one full hydrogen loading Haul certified hydrogen forklifts 700 bars to some local hydrogen filling stations to load compressed hydrogen 700 bar, then haul back hydrogen forklifts to power off grid houses and facilities Try to ignore liquid hydrogen Conclusion : Simple components (5.1/) + (5.2/) + (5.3/) + hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (hydrogen cars/extensible hydrogen cars/hydrogen forklifts) create effective working artificial fuel (H2) energy distributing system, like the ones nature has These artificial fuel (H2) energy distributing systems ( (5.1/) + (5.2/) + (5.3/) + (5.4/) ) allow electrifying everywhere They can complement/replace/combine/cooperate current world conventional artificial direct energy distributing systems Lets see whether time can prove again that the artificial fuel (H2) energy distributing systems are more efficient than today world conventional artificial direct energy distributing systems in earth conditions, even thought nature once has proved same Test in pilot facilities : + build basic electrolysing hydrogen filling station (electrolyser + compressor + reinforcing skeleton tanks 350-700 bar) Then build electrical cable to connect electrolysing hydrogen filling station to clean/renewable energy plant + build basic hydrogen filling station (compressor + reinforcing skeleton tanks 350-700 bars) Then build hydrogen pipeline to connect hydrogen filling station to hydrogen production plant + pick a hydrogen fuel cell car Build a simple hydrogen forklift Then use hydrogen fuel cell car/hydrogen forklift to power off grid house/facility to convince that hydrogen fuel cell car and hydrogen forklift can power off grid houses/facility very well and efficiently 6/ Use hydrogen infrastructures (components (5.1/)+(5.2/)+(5.3/)+(5.4/) to stimulate and create hydrogen general purposed markets : 6.1/ Expansible nets of hydrogen filling stations (5.2/)+(5.3/) (electrolysing hydrogen filling stations and/or pipeline hydrogen filling stations) are comfortable for hydrogen vehicles Can sell hydrogen We will see in real test (8.1/) (8.2/), that passenger hydrogen cars are not less energy efficient than passenger battery cars But it is true only in nets of hydrogen filling stations (5.2/)+(5.3/) 6.2/ Off grid electrifying houses/facilities are necessary and effective in various cases in societies With hydrogen fuel cell cars/extensible hydrogen fuel cell cars/hydrogen forklifts , nets of hydrogen filling stations are comfortable to support off grid electrifying houses/facilities Can sell hydrogen 6.3/ Hydrogen filling stations (electrolysing hydrogen filling stations and/or pipeline hydrogen filling stations) can connect to local natural gas pipeline systems to push renewable hydrogen to mix with natural gases for heating Can sell hydrogen Firing hydrogen for heating should be temporary solution only Because hydrogen firing create additional nitrogen oxides But hydrogen firing together with natural gases can reduce carbon dioxide emissions Besides hydrogen and gases mixtures firing induces less temperatures than pure hydrogen firing, so induces significant less nitrogen oxides Some critical people blame that hydrogen firing for heating is less energy efficient because lose energy to produce hydrogen then lose energy to fire hydrogen It is not true in the current model of nets of electrolysing hydrogen filling stations In practices, electrolysing hydrogen filling stations often connects to renewable energy sources through intelligent energy management systems Intelligent energy management systems always delivery energy from renewable energy sources to most suitable direct demand sources in first priorities Then when nowhere to directly delivery energy in various moments, then intelligent energy management systems delivery energy from renewable energy sources to electrolysing hydrogen filling stations It is often that hydrogen from electrolysing hydrogen filling stations is hydrogen from surplus energy It is true that should take renewable hydrogen instead of fossil fuel hydrogen for heating When retrofit current natural gases pipelines to transfer 100% hydrogen, then most effective hydrogen household warming is household hydrogen fuel cells Today hydrogen fuel cells have electric efficiency 55+%, and energy loss in form of heat If hydrogen fuel cells will be used for home heating, than heating efficiency can be 95% But in practices, hydrogen fuel cells will be often used simultaneously for electricity and home heating at same times, so overall energy efficiency can be near 100% Household hydrogen fuel cells are becoming cheaper every years 6.4/ Hydrogen filling stations can be equipped more with additional stationary fuel cells, so that hydrogen filling stations can charge battery vehicles too Can sell hydrogen Of course, stationary batteries are more energy efficient than stationary hydrogen fuel cells at this time But typical inherent flaws of batteries, low battery capacity, expensive battery scalability, battery self discharge, strong dependence of batteries on ambient temperatures, , can not allow to use stationary batteries in various cases In these cases, stationary hydrogen fuel cells are good alternatives 6.5/ Hydrogen filling stations can be expanded with more compressed hydrogen tanks and additional hydrogen fuel cells to become really seasonal electricity storage stations Can sell hydrogen 6.6/ Extreme hydrogen demanding facilities always need DEDICATED HYDROGEN PIPELINES TO BIG HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PLANTS AND/OR DEDICATED ELECTRIC CABLES TO ELECTRIC PLANTS The crucial big misunderstanding is that people often wait for expanding general hydrogen infrastructures before building extreme hydrogen demanding facilities Extreme hydrogen demanding facilities, for example big metallurgical plants, big hydrogen hubs for planes, big hydrogen hubs for ships, big hydrogen fertilizer plants, … , need dedicated hydrogen pipelines to various hydrogen production plants, and/or dedicated electric cables to electricity plants It means that every extreme hydrogen demanding facilities must care following additional tasks : + Need to build dedicated hydrogen pipelines from extreme hydrogen demanding facilities to some hydrogen production plants + And/or need to build electric cables from extreme hydrogen demanding facilities to electricity plants, then put electrolysers at extreme hydrogen demanding facilities to produce hydrogen onsite 7/ Use hydrogen infrastructures (components (5.1/)+(5.2/)+(5.3/)+(5.4/) to fund to support and to encourage numerous private solar household rooftop investors and numerous local private renewable energy investors Many governments encourage citizens to install solar rooftops panels Solar rooftops installing are very lucrative projects with noexpensive investments for citizens Colossal numbers of citizens and private small investors worldwide are ready to install solar rooftop panels/small renewable energy objects But unfortunately, local governments can not manage this kind of very big numbers of distributed small intermittent clean energy sources The consequence is that local governments can not always pay for every watts from solar rooftops panels, and solar rooftops panels very often throw away valuable energy Obviously a kind of energy loss Popular today solution is that solar rooftop panels owners to buy additional separated energy storage systems Practice shows that the model works, but not efficiently works Private separated small energy storage systems are expensive, so many people still not to install solar rooftop panels in their sunny areas because of expensive private energy storage batteries Besides, by buying private separated small energy storage systems (for example batteries), societies can not get energy interoperability, so societies can save some energy loss by avoiding energy transmission, but lose other profits because of no energy interoperability For example, my solar rooftop panels give more power than I need, but my neighbors need more power then they have I should share my surplus power for them for money The other popular example : I have money to install solar rooftop panels and battery storage for my home/garden full rooftop surface, but I personally not have needs to use big amount of energy, so I just install few solar rooftop panels enough for my needs only, while my neighbors beg for electricity Need mechanism to achieve energy interoperability Local nets of electrolysing hydrogen filling stations are good mechanism to manage numerous local solar rooftop panels energy sources to step by step achieve ideal energy interoperability Private investors just install their solar rooftops panels, then sell electricity through grids to local nets of electrolysing hydrogen filling stations, without investing in expensive private separated batteries It will be observed : when local areas have much surplus solar rooftop panels energy to grids, then new local electrolysing hydrogen filling stations will be added (electrolysing stations are quite simple and cheap) By that way, some balances and energy interoperability will be achieved time by time Local nets of electrolysing hydrogen filling stations sell hydrogen, for example as shown in (6.1/) (6.2/) (6.3/) (6.4/) (6.5/) (6.6/), so local nets of electrolysing hydrogen filling stations significantly help to pay for local solar rooftop panels energy 8/ What are most energy efficient passenger vehicles in era of renewable energy systems, hydrogen cars or battery cars ? The short clearly answer is that : number of hydrogen cars must be bigger than number of battery cars Personal battery cars are good But personal hydrogen cars are even better than battery cars for economic gains and for ecology gains The optimal transport model is that need to use personal hydrogen vehicles together with personal battery vehicles Concretized pilot tests to finally clarify that personal hydrogen fuel cell cars are not less energy efficient than personal battery cars in almost all real life use cases in over the the world : 8.1/ Using electricity from only renewable energy sources for battery cars and for hydrogen cars Pilot facilities for battery car test (using only renewable energy): + renewable energy source + battery car, for example the Tesla battery car + battery charging station And stationary battery (As known, renewable energy is intermittent, and intermittency between general battery car working schedule and renewable energy generating schedule, so stationary battery is a 'must have') + electric cable to connect the charging station to renewable energy source Working : The battery car randomly go to this charging station to be charged because of the intermittency of renewable energy and the car working schedule and the renewable energy generating schedule, the battery car is often not charged directly from renewable energy source, but is often charged from stationary battery at this charging station We say : this battery car often falls in double recharge cycles Energy efficiency of stationary battery = 65% in real life no ideal conditions Energy efficiency of battery of this battery car is 65% in real life no ideal conditions -> Energy efficiency of this battery car in double recharge cycles : 65% x 65% = 42.2% Pilot facilities for hydrogen car test (using only renewable energy) : + renewable energy source + hydrogen fuel cell battery car, for example the Toyota mirai 2021y + modular electrolyser Thysenkrupp compressor hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tank 350-700 bar + electric cable to connect the this hydrogen station to renewable energy source Working process : The hydrogen car randomly goes to the hydrogen charging station to load hydrogen The electrolysing hydrogen filling station can flexible choose schedule to run the electrolyser in tandem with renewable energy generating schedule Electrolyser makes hydrogen onsite Compressor compresses hydrogen to 350 bar, then stores in tanks Energy efficiency of electrolyser Thyssenkrupp : 80% Energy efficiency of compressing hydrogen to 350bar : 95% Energy efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells in the Toyota mirai 2021y is about : 55+% -> Energy efficiency of this hydrogen car Toyota mirai 2021y in this case : 80%x95%x55% = 41.8% We see that, renewable energy sources often work hours per day (24h), so battery car in renewable energy systems very often falls in double recharge cycles (not always, but very often), so in renewable energy systems, this battery car has practically same energy efficiency as the hydrogen car Toyota mirai 2021y, energy efficiencies 42.2% vs 41.8% Conclusion : battery cars and hydrogen cars are very often practically same energy efficient in renewable energy systems 8.2/ Using electricity from fossil fuels for battery car and hydrogen car Pilot facilities for battery car test (using electricity from fossil fuels): + fossil fuel electricity generating plant + battery car, for example the Tesla battery car + electric cable to connect the charging station to fossil fuel electricity generating plant Working : The fossil fuel electricity generating plant uses some fossil fuels to generate electricity, and transfers electricity to the battery charging station The battery car randomly goes to this charging station to be charged Energy efficiency of fossil fuel electricity generating plant = 35% in real life no ideal conditions Energy efficiency of battery of this battery car is 65% in real life no ideal conditions -> Energy efficiency of this battery car this case : 35% x 65% = 22.8% Pilot facilities for hydrogen car test (using only energy from fossil fuels) : + chemical fossil fuel hydrogen production plant (Hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, for example in methane conversion process) + hydrogen fuel cell battery car, for example the Toyota mirai 2021y + compressor hydrogen reinforcing skeleton tank 350-700 bar + hydrogen pipeline to connect the this hydrogen station to the chemical fossil fuel hydrogen production plant Working process : The chemical fossil fuel hydrogen production plant produce fossil fuel hydrogen, then directly transfer hydrogen via hydrogen pipeline to this hydrogen station At the hydrogen station, the compressor compresses hydrogen to 700bar to store hydrogen in reinforcing skeleton tank 700 bar The hydrogen car randomly go to the hydrogen station to load compressed hydrogen 700bar Energy efficiency of chemical fossil fuel hydrogen production plant : 75% Energy efficiency of compressing hydrogen to 700bar : 90% Energy efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells in the Toyota mirai 2021y is about : 55+% -> Energy efficiency of this hydrogen car Toyota mirai 2021y in this case : 75%x90%x55% = 37.1% We see that : battery car is remarkable less energy efficient than hydrogen car when using energy from fossil fuels, energy efficiencies 22.8% vs 37.1% Conclusion : when using energy from fossil fuels sources, hydrogen car (using fossil fuel hydrogen) clearly wins against battery car by energy efficiency 8.3/ Passenger battery cars vs passenger hydrogen cars game is over : AT LEAST, PASSENGER HYDROGEN CARS ARE NOT LESS ENERGY EFFICIENT THAN PASSENGER BATTERY CARS IN REAL LIFE USE CASES It is very mild word In fact, if care all real factors (3.1/) (3.2/) (3.3/) (3.4/), then passenger battery cars clearly lose substantial total economic gains against passenger hydrogen cars But lets accept mild personal transport transitions : it is useful to use less passenger battery cars together with more passenger hydrogen cars in society for total economic gains and ecology stimulus If any doubts rise, then just let these easy repeated direct objective pilot tests (8.1/) and (8.2/) confirm the advantages of passenger hydrogen cars 8.4/ Worldwide myths about lied disadvantages of passenger hydrogen cars because of following reasons : - Passenger hydrogen cars were always analyzed and compared without hydrogen infrastructures or with wrong hydrogen infrastructures : there are no any electrolysing hydrogen filling stations, there are no any hydrogen filling stations with hydrogen pipelines - People often compare personal battery cars, which often hiddenly use electricity from fossil fuels, with passenger hydrogen cars on renewable energy It leads to wrong conclusions - All current liquid hydrogen filling stations of fossil fuel coalitions for passenger hydrogen cars are absolutely bad wrong But worldwide silly experts often assess and compare passenger hydrogen cars in infrastructures of the current wrong liquid hydrogen filling stations of fossil fuel coalitions - Hydrogen cars manufactures did not achieve success in past time, because hydrogen cars manufactures did not invest in right hydrogen filling stations There are no electrolysing hydrogen filling stations, and no hydrogen filling stations with pipeline at 2021y Battery cars manufacture Tesla invested billions usd to achieve their own more than 30 000 Tesla charging stations worldwide at 2021y Besides, almost all current hydrogen filling stations now are liquid hydrogen station, and are involved in monopole of fossil fuel coalitions, which not want that cheap fossil fuel hydrogen will affect their gasoline business They set hydrogen prices to equal gasoline prices 8.5/ When hydrogen cars will have going cost equal to going cost of battery cars ? - When create electrolysing hydrogen filling stations, then hydrogen cars will very often have going cost nearly equal to going cost of battery cars in renewable energy systems (refer to (8.1/) ) But in fact, all battery cars today always regularly use fossil fuel electricity So we see that battery cars today have small going cost against hydrogen cars with renewable energy As describe above, it is not because battery cars really always more energy efficient than hydrogen cars in renewable energy systems But it is because that battery cars regularly hiddenly use fossil fuel electricity - When create hydrogen filling stations with hydrogen pipelines to hydrogen production plants, then hydrogen cars will have significantly less going cost than going cost of battery cars (refer to (8.2/) ) 9/ Fossil fuel hydrogen is inherently fossil fuel ! 9.1/ Fossil fuel hydrogen is the universal optimal efficient method for converting all kinds of fossil fuels to electricity World conventional method uses thermal electricity plants to convert fossil fuels to electricity with energy efficiency about 35% And by using conventional approach, we fall into the artificial direct energy distributing system, which has bad flaws (3.1/) (3.2/) (3.3/) Total economic loss of these flaws is very substantial The fossil fuel hydrogen electrifying approach : instead of firing fossil fuels in thermal electricity plants, firstly convert fossil fuels to hydrogen, then transfer hydrogen via pipelines to hydrogen filling stations, then compress hydrogen at hydrogen filling stations to store hydrogen in tanks 350bars Then hydrogen fuel cells take hydrogen from hydrogen filling station to generate electricity As shown in (8.2/), the total efficiency is : 75%x90%*55% = 37.1% We get total efficiency little better than conventional method But we fall in artificial fuel energy distributing system, which avoids bad flaws (3.1/) (3.2/) (3.3/) Total economic gain of avoiding these flaws is very substantial Fossil fuel hydrogen is the comfortable universal representative of all fossil fuels There are some types of fossil fuel cells for various different fossil fuels It is not comfortable Good to convert all fossil fuels to hydrogen, so that deal with only hydrogen fuel cells, instead of dealing with various complicated fossil fuel cells 9.2/ Big question on plans of importing fossil fuel hydrogen : Because fossil fuel hydrogen is fossil fuel, so in many cases better to just import fossil fuels themself then to produce fossil fuel hydrogen onsite at destination places, instead of transporting fossil fuel hydrogen to destination places In the same way, need to convert all kinds of biofuels to hydrogen for electricity, instead of directly firing biofuels for electricity in thermal electricity plants And hydrogen can be comfortable universal representative of all biofuels 9.3/ Fossil fuel hydrogen for electricity is better way than thermal fossil fuel electricity plants Fossil fuel hydrogen is 100% fossil fuel, it is not ecology The world does not like fossil fuels, but If the world reluctant accepts to still reluctant use fossil fuels for electricity in few tens years more, then NEED TO USE FOSSIL FUEL HYDROGEN FOR ELECTRICITY, INSTEAD OF FOSSIL FUEL ELECTRICITY FROM THERMAL ELECTRICITY PLANTS (FOSSIL FUEL ELECTRICITY PLANTS) In this approach, the meaning of fossil fuel hydrogen for ecology is that fossil fuel hydrogen helps to use less fossil fuels to achieve same amount of electricity, because the fossil fuel hydrogen electrifying approach has little more energy efficiency and substantial economic gains (3.1/) (3.2/)(3.3/)  ... delivery energy from renewable energy sources to electrolysing hydrogen filling stations It is often that hydrogen from electrolysing hydrogen filling stations is hydrogen from surplus energy It... hydrogen onsite at destination places, instead of transporting fossil fuel hydrogen to destination places In the same way, need to convert all kinds of biofuels to hydrogen for electricity, instead... electrolysing hydrogen filling stations often connects to renewable energy sources through intelligent energy management systems Intelligent energy management systems always delivery energy from renewable