THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
MONG MUON NGUYEN VONG CUA THANH NIEN TRI THL/C TS La Thi Thu Thdy Phd Vien irudng Vien Tdm ly hpc T6M TAT Nghien cifu tren tren 626 nien tri thdc dang Idm viec tgi hai thdnh phd Idn Id Ha Npi vd phd Ho Chi Minh cho thdy, nien tri thifc co nhieu mong mudn va mong mudn the hien khd lap trung nhu mong mudn lien quan de'n cdng viec chuyen mdn, thdnh dgt cong viec, cd duac vi tri, chd difng nghe ddi sdng vgt chdt thu nhdp cao, dn dinh cupc so'ng gia dinh hanh phiic, ddi sdng tinh thdn phong phil Nhieu nien tri thifc khang dinh mong miw'n dd co the ird thdnh hien ihifc Tuy nhien ben cgnh mpt sd ngifdi hodi nghi ve stf trd thdnh hien thuc ciia nhifng mong mudn ndy Trong nhdm ndy phdi ke de'n nhifng nghien cim vien tre vd nhung ngifc/i cd mdc dp hdi long chtta cao vdi cong viec TCr khoa: Mong mudn; Udc mo; Nguyen vpng Thanh nien Iri thifc Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/11/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi 25/1/2013 Lieh sir cua mCi dan toe ghi nhan tri thiic lu6n la mot bo phan xa hoi quan trpng, gii? vai tro to 1cm su phat trien dat nu6c O Viet Nam, ttt lau ong cha ta da co cau "hien tai la nguyen quoc gia" Hien nay, nen kinh t€ th6' gi6i dang biroc sang mpt giai doan phat trien m6i, tri thuc, thong tin trd yeu to quyet dmh nha't doi voi su phat trien san xuat, khoa hpc va cong nghe, tr6 luc luong san xuat true tie'p Trong boi canh do, vai tio xa hpi ciia t^ng lop trf thiic Viet Nam eang to 16n, co y nghia quan de cong cu5c cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nuoc ta co the riit ngan th&i gian, nhanh chong dua Viet Nam sanh kip cac cudng quoc tren the' gidi Trong do, khong the kh6ng k^ de'n vai tro ciia nien tri thirc Hp la lue lupng chii chot cua dat nuoc thdi dai kinh te' tri thiic, hgi nhap Dong thdi, hp cung la lire lupng ke' can, nam giii tuong lai, van menh ciia dan tpc Hieu ro ho va giai quye't cac va'n de ciia ho, gitip hp vupt qua khd khan de phat trien la gop phan quan trpng su cdng hay that bai ciia sir nghiep xay dung da't nude theo muc tieu "dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, van minh" Lam the nao d^ phat huy cao nha't tri tue va nang Iuc ciia tSng Idp nien tri thiic nude ta hien nay? Dd la mdt va'n de da va dang dat Trong pham TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, Sd (167), - 27 vi bai vie't chiing tci tap trung ttm hi^u nhttng mong mu6n, nguyen vong cua nien tri thtic Nhttng mong mu6'n 66 c6 phu hop vdt su phat men cua xa h5i hay khOng? Viec tim hi& ro mong muO'n cia tSng Ifip men tn thiSc se gop pUn kh6ng nho vao viec dinh hucmg, dao tao, giao due va bdi duang ho tr6 nhttng nguM lam chii, dap ttng dUtJc doi hoi cua qua trinh cflng nghiep hoa, hien dai h6a da't nu6c Nghien cttu dttoc tie'n h4nh tren 626 nien tri thtte dang lam viec tai hai ph6' ldn lii Ha N6i va phO' H6 Chi Minh Phuang phap nghiSn cttu chinh dugc sii dung la khao sat bang bang hoi va phong va'n sau Ke't qua nghien cttu cho tha'y, nien tri thtte eo ra't nhieu ir6c mo Vdl cau hoi md vi mong mud'n ciia nien tri thtte nim tdi la gi, ke't qua thu duge cho tha'y, mong mudn ciia hg th^ hien kha tap trung Do la nhttng mong mud'n lien quan dd'n edng viec, cudc sd'ng gia dinh, hge tap nang cao trinh chuyen mdn, xay dung gia dinh hanh phuc NhOng mong mud'n cu the dudc the hiin qua biing dudi day: Bdng 1: Mong mudn ctia men tri thdc (%) Mong muon thir nhat Mong muon thii hai Mong muon thurba Tdng Lien quan de'n Ihu nhap, nha 6, phuong lien di lai 25,3 31,1 25,8 79,3 Noi dung Lien quan de'n xay dimg gia dinh hanh phiic 20,1 25,8 24,0 67,2 Li6n quan dSn c6ng viec, chuyen mGn, sir dat, su thang tie'n 34,5 23,9 20,5 76,5 Lien quan de'n hpc tap, nang cao uinh dO chuyen mOn, dao tao 22,8 13,7 10,3 45,6 Lien quan d^n siic khoe tO'l 6,8 2,5 5,7 14,5 Mong mudn hucfng den xa hOi 4,1 9,5 15,9 27,9 M61 s6 mong mu6n khac 1,0 2,5 4,8 7,8 Thtt nha't, nhihig mong mud'n hen quan den dieu kien vat chat nhu thu nhap eao, ed phuang tien di lai, mua nha, mua xe dugc nhi^u nien tri thtte lua chgn (79,3%) Thtt hai, nhttng mong mud'n lidn quan de'n cdng viec 6n dinh, thang ti& nghe nghiep, mdi trudng lam viee td't, trinh dd chuySn mdn cao dugc phSn ldn nien trt thtte lua chgn (76,5%) 28 TAP CH( TAM LV HOC, S6' (167), - 2013 Thij: ba, nhung mong mud'n lien quan de'n xay dung gia dinh hanh phiic, ngoan, lap gia dinh, cudc sd'ng gia dinh 6n dinh cung duoc phltn ldn niSn tri thiic lira chon (67,2%) Thii tu, nhihig mong mudn lien quan de'n hpc tap, hpc nghe, dao tao ngh^, duoc di du hoc, cd hoc vi cung duoc kha nhieu nien tri thirc lua chpn (45,6%) Nhu vay, vdi ke't qua khao sat chiing td rang, nhirng ndi dung dupc nhi^u nien tri thiie mong mudn nh^t deu la nhung dieu lien quan mat thi^t d^n ldi ich thie't thuc ciia ban than hp Ke't qua cung kha tuong ddng vdi kS^t qua nghiSn ciiu ciia Le Thi Thanh Huong va ddng nghiep tien hanh nam 2008 tren dd'i tupng la tri thiie ndi chung (Le Thi Thanh Huong, 2010) nghien ciiu cac tac gia cung cho ke't qua tuong tu Trong~.sd nhiing mong mud'n eua nien trf thiic thi nhUng mong mud'n lien quan de'n dieu kien vat chat dupe nien tri thii'c lua ehpn vdi tdn sua't cao nAa't Tuy nhien, nhifng mong mud'n lien quan de'n cdng vide chuyen mdn, 6n dmh cdng viec, dat, thang tien edng viec lai dupc hp xem la mong mud'n sd 1, mong mud'n dupc uu tien nha't (34,5% - ty le cao nhat nhflng di^u mong mudn nha't) Di6u cho tha'y, dd'i vdi nien tri thiie, cdng viec 6n dinh, ed dieu kien thang tie'n, ed co hdi d^ hpc tap, hpc ngh6 va nang cao trinh dd ehuyen mdn vSn la mong mudn ldn nh^t cua hp Tuy nhien, ben canh dd cung khdng the phii nhan, viec dam bao ddi sd'ng vat ch^t cho nien tri thiic eung la mdt nhGng va'n de duoc nien iri thiic rtft quan tSm giai doan hien Dudi day xin dupc de cap dg^n mdt so mong mud'n cu th^ cua nien tri thiie lien quan den nhiing van de D6 cap de'n mong mud'n lien quan de'n edng viee, phan ddng tri thiic quan tam nhiiu de'n cdng viec hien tai va tuong lai cua minh cd dat, thuan Ipi khdng Mpt giang vien tre cho rang: "Mong mudn va nguyen vpng lim nhat ciia tdi Id trd thdnh mpt gidng vien gioi Toi seluon co gang vd no luc hpc tap, tich Idy nhieu kien thdc vd kinh nghiem de bien mong mudn vd nguyen vpng cua minh thdnh sif that" (N.H.L, nam, 26 tudi, giang vien Ha Ndi) Cung ciing quan di^m vdi giang vien nam neu tren, mdt giang vien nii ciing cd mdt udc mo that dep: "Mong mud'n cua toi thdi gian tdi Id on dinh cong viec, phdt huy duac khd ndng cua minh vd tich Idy nhieu han kien thifc, ldm tdt cdng tdc gidng day, duac dong nghiep tin tudng, c/uy men, hpc sinh tin yeu Toi tin rdng mong muon se trd thdnh hien thuc bdi truac hit bdn thdn toi Id mpt ngudi tri thtic tre, co minh tri tue, nhiet huye't dam me cua tuoi tre Ddc biit, nghi' gido viin Id nghe toi tha thiet yeu tie nho cho nen toi se co gang hi't minh de sd'ng td't v&i nghe cua minh Stf phdt trien kinh tedd't nuac thdi ky hpi nhdp dd giiip chiing tdi cd dieu kien de linh hpi nhiing tri thicc mdi qua cdc TAP CHI TAM LV HQC, Sd (167), 2-2013 29 phuang lien khdc Ngodi tdi cdn nhdn dug'c stf ung hp giup dd tit ddng nghiep, duac nhd trudng dpng viin vd ed nhieu ehinh sdch quan tdm, chdm lo bdi dudng" (T.T.H ntt, 23 tudi, giang vien Ha Ndi) Nhttng mong mudn lien quan de'n hgc tap, hgc nghe cQng duge nhieu tri thtte nhae de'n Mdt nam nghidn cttu vidn eho rang: "Mong mudn, nguyen vgng ldn nhdt ciia em Id phdi hgc xong lien sy Bdng cap se gidp cho eong viec ctia minh sau ndy, ddc biet vcri nghe gidng dgy vd nghien citu Cdn edng viee hdng ngdy Id minli Idm lot nhiing viec caquan giao phd Nhitng mong mudn dd phdi ldm duge Mong mudn phdi thifc te, khdng xa rdi, cdng sdt sudn bao nhieu.thi edng dethifc hien" (N.V.T, nam, 31 tudi, nghien cttu vidn Ha Ndi) Mong mud'n lien quan dcii ddi sd'ng vat cha't, thu nhap, nha d va phuong tien di lai dugc kha nhidu nien tri thtte de cap den Mong mud'n dam bao va eai thien dugc cudc sd'ng bang chinh cdng viec ciia minh la mong mudn chinh dang eiia ta't ea mgi ngudi, cd men tri thtte Nhung va'n de ve eai each tien luang da dugc dat lit lau, 16 trinh cho viee eai each tien IttOng da duge thuc hien Tuy nhien, ke't qua cua qua trinh ciii each tien luong dudng nhu chua dat dugc nhu mong mud'n Ddi sd'ng ciia can bd cdng ehttc van gap nhieu kho khan Nhttng mong mud'n eai thien ddi sd'ng vat chat dudng nhu van la ndi lo ldn cua nhidu cdng ehttc hien Dd'i vdi men tri thtte khdng nam ngoai tinh trang chung dd Trdn thuc te, ganh nang ve ddi sdng kinh te bao triim ldn hg, bdi le hau het nien tri thtte la ngudi mdi di lam Vdi mtte luong khdi nghiep ban dau nhu hien thi hg ehua eo kha nang dam bao ddi sdng cho ban than ehtt chua ke den ti'ch luy eho gia dinh Mgt nghien ethi vien ntt ma udc: "Mong mudn nguyen vgng Idn nhdt ciia em luc ndy Id kiem duae nhieu lien Viee kiem nen cd the trd thdnh hien lliitc hay khdng phu thupc vdo minh nhieu Neu dpi hdi ngifdi la phdi tdng luang md minh vdn khdng thay ddi ndy thi khong the, md phdi edgdng, ren luyen ndng life hem Nhitng vdi mite litang nhu the, vdi cdng viee nhu the Ihi tgo nhiing cdn bp khong phdt huy dugc hieu qua De eho mite luang cao him thi Nhd nitdc phdi tgo nhieu cdng viee han, hgn chd nhCfng thdi gian khdng hieu tpid, nhu vdy lit bp mdy nhd nude se ed khd ndng ehi trd nhieu han, Nhd nude nen nghien cini de tim nhiing bien phdp de gidi quyet vd ldn dtmg thdi gian mpt edeh hieu qua eho edng chitc" (N.H.M, ntt, 24 tudi, nghien cttu vien Ha Ndi) Mgt nam phdng vien tie cung bay td: "Chinh sdch, mdi trifimg ldm viec khdng giu dugc chdn phong vien Trong caquan em cd rdt nhieu anh ehi dd bd viec vi nhidu ly do: Luang qud thdp, khdng yen tdm Idm viee; Phdng vien tre lirmg ban chiem 113 thudng ldm duac vdi ndm la mudn chuyen edng viee Cong viee ndy vdl vd nhung thu nhdp khdng tdt Ttf 2004 den ndy ed tdi 30 - 40 ngudi ehuyen sang phong khdc, nai khdc Idm viec Phdng vien Ban Thdi stf di cdc ban khde ldm Idnh dgo nhieu Phong vien a Ban Kinh te sdng khoe ldm nhung phdng vien ban ndy, gdp 30 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 nhieu khd khdn Phdi li ldm, can dam ldm mdi tru igi duge Ban Thdi stf' (P.V D, nam, 33 tuoi, phdng vien, phd Hd Chi Minh) Mdt giang vidn tre da tiing du hgc tai Phap hien dang giang day tai Dai hgc Sai Gdn cho b'liv "Td Phdp trd ve, em ed gap kho khdn vipc thich nghi vdi cdng viee, ddc biit Id vdn de luang Ndm ddu tien thi luang thdp ldm (17 trieu den 1,8 Irieu ddngllhdng), vdi sd'lien dd khdng dd trd tien thue nhd, em ldm d ben Phdp id 700EU Trong mot ndm ddu edng tdc em phdi bd 3000EU de sinh sdng Hien tgi thu nhdp cung ehua dd sdng Em gdn bd vdi edng viec chi vi Idng yeu nghe" (L.C.N, nam, 28 tu6i, giang vien, phd Hd Chi Minh) Mong mudn lidn quan de'n xay dung gia dinh hanh phuc eung la mdt nhutig mong mud'n ldn nha't eua nien tri thtte PhSn ddng nidn tri thtte dugc khao sat eho rang, dd'i vdi hg, ngoai cdng vide thi gia dinh la chd dua tin cay cho hg cudc sd'ng Y kie'n ciia mdt nam giang vidn tre phdng va'n sau: "Mong mudn nguyen vgng Idn nhdl cda toi ti-ong then gian tdi Id xdy difng gia dinh hgnh phuc, phdt trien dugc chuyen mdn, co thu nhdp tdt Tdi tin Id mong mudn nguyen vgng eda toi se thdnh hien thifc vdi quyet tdm, nd lite bdn thdn, eung vdi sit giup da cua gia dinh, epng ddng vd xd hpi" (H.T.N, nam, 24 tuoi, giang vien Ha Ngi" Mdt nam giang vidn bay td: "Mue tieu phdn ddu eua tdi Id: Ve cupc sdng ed mpt gia dinh rieng hanh phuc, cd dieu kien chdm sdc bd me, gtup dd anh em hg hdng, ldng xdm, bgn be; Ve xd hpi: trd thdnh ngudi cd ndng life edng viec, cap nhdt nhiing kidn thdc mdi, phdt trien cde mdi quan he vd eo dinh hudng phdt trien kinh tif Do Id muc tieu ndm cua tdi" (D.H.H, nam, 26 tudi, giiing vidn Ha Ndi) Va y kien ciia mdt nghien cttu vien tre cho ring: "Ngudi hgnh phuc Id cd mpt mfii dm, ngudi vg tdm ddu y hcrp, cd the chia se, mgi viec cupc sdng, kinh tevita dii Tif bdn thdn phdi bie't mgi cdi dang co cua minh Id chdp nhdn dugc Biet hdi long vdi cdng viee, gia dinh Nhu vdy Id tu minh biet hdi Idng vdi cupe sdng eua minh Id hgnh phuc" (T.T.D, nam, 29 tudi, nghien cuu vien Ha Ndi) D^ cap de'n va'n dd chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nude ddi vdi nidn, mdt sd nidn tri thtte khang dinh Dang va Nha nude da cd nhidu chinh sach dd'i vdi nien ndi chung va nidn tri thtte ndi ridng, dd cd nhttng chi'nh saeh lidn quan dd'n thu hut va sir dung nhan tai, chinh sach dai ngd dd'i vdi tri thtte Tuy nhidn, mdt sd ngudi khac lai cho ring, vide thuc thi ehinh sach cdn nhieu ba't cap Lam the' nao de nien tri thtte gan bd dugc vdi nghd, phat huy dugc tri tud va chait xam ciia hg la mgt va'n de dat eho cac ea'p, cac nganh Mdt nam ky su bay td: "Chinh sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nude dita thi luon dung, nhung den thifc thi thi nhieu vdn de Ve phdt huy sdc mgnh cua the he tre ca quan nhd nude, mpt sd'nai thi thifc hien tdt, eon mpt sd ncri TAPCHdAM LtHOC, Sd2 (167), - 2013 31 thi khdng, phu thudc nhieu v.do Idnh dgo vdo nhiing ngudi ldm ehinh sdch Mpt sdcdn bp chuyin tdm thi thiic hiin idt, cdn khdng thi cde ehinh sdch dd Igi sai lieh di, khdng hOu ieh" (V.D.M, nam, 25 tudi, ky su Ha Ndi) Y kid'n eiia mdt giiing vidn tre vd vin ii lam thd nao d^ gitt chan tri thtte tre lam vide khu vuc nha nude: "Em thay dieu ndy rdt khd edn phdi tgo dieu kien ldm viee thudn lai, Ihu nhdp tdt nhung hi thdng luang bdng eda minh thi khd qud, tui em cUng cu ldm thdi thdy hdi long thi tii'p tue edng hii'n cdn Idc ndo khdng hdi long thi setim cahpi khdc" (L.C.N, nam, 28 tudi, giang vidn, phdHd Chi Minh) Danh gia yi mong mud'n trdn cd trd hien thtte d mtte nao? Nghien cttu da thiet kd thang mtte dd Ai danh gia thuc trang nay, dd mtte dd la khd trd hidn thuc va mtte dd la hoan loan trd hidn thuc Ket qua nghien cttu eho tha'y, nhin chung nien tri thtte tuang dd'i lac quan nghT ve tuong lai ciia minh Tuy nhidn mtte lac quan dd'n dau phu thudc vao riit nhidu yd'u td, dd cd dac didm nghd nghidp, mtte hai long vdi cdng viec cung nhu mtte thu nhap hay hoan eanh kinh td Dudi day la nhiJng danh gia chung ve va'n dd nay: Bdng 2: Muc dp trd thdnh hien thifc eua cde mong mudn (tinh theo % sd ngitdi cd cung lua ehpn) Noi dung mong muon Miic mong muon tra hien thuc (%) Mtte Miic Miic Mtte Mure Mure Miic Mong mudn thd nhdl 6,7 4,0 17,4 14,8 17,4 27,5 12,1 xay dung gia dinh hanh phiic 0 5,2 6,9 24,1 31,0 32,8 COng viec, chuyen mOn, su dat, su Ihang tie'n 1,0 6,9 3,9 40,4 19,7 28,1 Hpc tap, nang cao Irinh dp, dao tao 3,0 3,0 3,0 19,7 33,3 37,9 SUc khoe t6i 0 5,0 5,0 30,0 35,0 25,0 Hudng de'n xa hOi 0 33,3 8,3 16,7 41,7 Thu nhap, nha 6, phuong lien di lai 1,1 2,3 8,0 24,6 25,1 26,3 12,6 xay dung gia dinh hanh phiic 1,4 2,7 5,4 19,0 33,3 45,9 Cong viec, chuyen mPn, su lhanh dat, su thang tign 0 5,9 7,4 30,9 33,8 22,1 HPC tap, nang cao trinh de, dko tao 2,6 2,6 15,4 30,8 33,3 15,4 Thu nhap, nha 6, phucmg tien di lai Mong mudn thit hai 32 TAPCHITAM LYHOC; Sd2 (167), - 2013 Siic khoe tfit Hudng de'n xa h6i 0 28,6 42,9 28,6 3,7 7,4 11,1 18,5 25,9 14,8 18,5 iVfOR^ mudn thd ba 8,6 8,6 8,6 21,4 28,6 15,7 8,6 xay dung gia dinh hanh phuc 3,1 3,1 10,9 9,4 28,1 45,3 COng viec, chuyen mOn, su th&nh dat, su Ihang tie'n 0 9,0 25,2 19,8 36,9 9,0 Hoc tap, nang cao trinh dp, d^o tao 0 7,1 14,3 32,1 35,7 10,7 SUc khoe to't 0 6,5 19,4 61,3 12,9 Hudng deh xa hOi 7,0 16,3 18,6 25,6 14,0 18,6 Thu nhap, nha 6, phuang tien di lai Ghi chil: Mite 1: Kho co khd tiang Irdthdnh hien thuc Mile 7: Hodn loan cd khd ndng trd hien thuc Sd lieu bang tren cho tha'y, nhin chung cd kha nhieu nidn tri thtte tin tttdng mong mud'n ciia hg cd thd trd hidn thuc Tuy nhidn, tttng mong mud'n khac ma mtte dd tin tudng nd trd hidn thuc eung khac Nhttng mong mud'n lidn quan de'n stt nd luc pha'n da'u ciia ban than mdi ngudi duge danh gia la cd kha nang trd hien thuc han ca Ching han, nhttng mo ttde ed mdt mai im gia dinh hanh phttc dttge ddng dao nidn dd cap dd'n Ddng thdi, hg eung danh gia rit kha quan vd mtte dd trd hien thue cua udc mo Ben eanh dd, nhttng mong mud'n lien quan den sir nd luc eiia ban than viee ren luydn nghidp vu chuydn mdn, mong mud'n duge hge tap va nang cao trinh chuyen mdn, mong mud'n lien quan den ren luyen sttc khde td't eung dugc kha nhidu nien tri thtte dat nidm hy vgng Tuy nhidn, cung ein phai khing dinh, nhttng mong mud'n cd dugc ddi sd'ng vat chit td't, mua dugc nha, mua dugc xe van dang edn la nidm mo udc xa vdi va nhidu nidn tri thtte danh gia la khd cd kha nang trd hien thue hon cae mong mudn khic Didu dd cd thd giiii thieh bdi ly sau: nghien ctiu nay, hiu hdt nien tri thtte duge khao sat ddu lam vide khd'i hanh chinh su nghiep (tttc la nhttng ngttdi dang lam viee eho eac co quan Nha nttde) Hg phai chiu su chi phd'i cua co che tidn IttOng Nha nude ban hanh Ma nhu ehttng ta da duge bie't, vdi nhdm nidn tri thtte mdi di lam thi van dd thu nhap va luong la van de hdt sttc nan giai ddi vdi hg Nhttng mo ude vd ddi sd'ng vat chit dtt gia eung chi la nhimg mo ude ma nien tri thtte vuon tdi ma thdi, edn dieh tdi cua no nao eung khdng hoan toan phu thude vao ban than hg Nd phu thudc nhidu vao vao co chd ehinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nude TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 33 Ld trinh cai each tidn luong cita chung ta cung dang hudng tdi vide giai quye't mtte sd'ng co ban cCia ngudi lao ddng Ndi vd tidn luang, chung ta da qua lin cai each (eac nam 1985, 1993 vi 2004) Nhu vay, ti'nh trung binh khoang tren dudi 10 nam ehttng ta lai ed mdt lin cai each tidn luong Ridng ttt nam 2001 tdi da cd lin didu chinh mtte luong td'i thidu Chii truang cai each tidn lUdng hidn li hoan toin dung dSn, dugc danh gia la cd the tiem can he thd'ng tidn luong cua mdt ndn kinh td van hanh theo co chd thi trudng Vide eai cich tidn luong din ddn tich din lidn lucmg cua khu vuc san xuit kinh doanh vdi khu vuc hanh chi'nh su nghidp; chi'nh sach tidn Ittong vdi ehinh sach bao hidm xa hdi va ttu dai ngudi ed cdng; gin kd't cai each tidn luong vdi cai each hanh ehinh, tinh gian bidn chd'; md rdng quydn ttt chii, tu ehju trach nhiem cOa cae don vj su nghiep Tuy nhien Id trinh cung dang vip phai mdt sd nhung bit cap nha't dinh Luong lang keo theo gia ea, lam phat tang theo Ndu nhu xet ve mat sd lugng thi cd thd thiy, mtte lucmg sau mdi lin didu ehinh la tang ding kd, nhung xet theo thuc le thi mtte lugng dd khdng cd gi la cai thien ma tham ehi cdn di xud'ng Theo sd lidu ttt mdt cudc khao sat vd tidn luong ciia Bd Ndi vu, 98% cdng ehttc cho ring nu'rc luong tdi thieu thip, ehua dap ttng dugc nhu ciu tdi thidu ctia ngttdi dugc httdng luong Trong nam 2011, mtte luong td'i thidu chi bing han 58% mtte chi tidu binh quan ciia mdt nhan khiu (dan theo vnexpress.net) So sinh mtte trd hien thuc ciia cic ttde mudn theo nghd nghiep, gidi tinh, trinh dao tao eho tha'y cd nhttng khic biet kha ly thu Ket qua nghidn cult tai bang cho thiy, nhttng ngudi cd nghe nghiep khic cd nidm tin khae vd kha nang trd hidn thue cua cac udc mo - Dttng diu nhdm mong mud'n khd cd khd ndng Ird thdnh hien thtic la nhttng can bd nghidn cttu tre Cd khoang 16,5% sd can bg nghidn ettu tre co mong mud'n vd ddi sd'ng vat chit td't, thu nhap cao cho ring, kha nang kho ed thd trd hidn thue (trong dd d nhdm nghd nghidp khac ty Id thip hon nhidu: ky stt: 3,2%; giang vien: 4,3%; phdng vidn: 5,1%) nhSng mong mud'n khac cung vay, ty le sd can bd nghien cuxi eho ring mong mud'n cua hg khd cd kha nang trd hidn thue cung cao hon rit nhidu so vdi eac nganh nghd khic (5,6% sd cin bd nghidn cttu tre ed mong mud'n xSy dung gia dinh hanh phuc; 1,9% cd mong mud'n lien quan dd'n cdng viee chuyen mdn; 3,9% cd tnong mud'n lien quan ddn hgc tap va dao tao eho ring mong mud'n cua hg khd trd hien thue, dd, nhihig nhdm nghd khac la 0%) - nhdm nhttng ngudi cd su tin tudng cao vd mtte dd trd hien thuc cua cic mong mud'n, nhdm giang vien tre dugc danh gia la nhung ngudi cd mtte dd tin tudng cao nhit 67,4% sd ngudi cd mong mud'n lidn quan de'n vat chit, thu nhap; 66,7% so ngudi cd mong mudn lien quan dd'n viec xay dtmg gia dinh hanh phuc, 60% sd ngudi cd mong mud'n lien quan dd'n edng vide va chuydn 3'' TAP CHiTAM m HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 mdn; 75% sd ngudi ed mong mudn lidn quan dd'n hgc tap va dao tao d nhdm giang vidn tre cho ring, mong mud'n eua hg ed kha nang trd hien thuc d mtte eao Ty 16 d cae nhdm nghe nghiep khae thip hon kha nhidu (xem sd lieu bang 3) Bdng 3: Ddnh gid eua niin tri thdc ve khd ndng mong mud'n trd thdnh hiin thiie (so sdnh theo nghe nghiep) Mong mud'n Vat chait, thu nhap, ddi sp'ng Xay dung gia dinh hanh phuc CPng viec, chuyen men Hpc tap, dao tao Nhdm nghe Danh gia mong muon trii hien thuc dmurc dp nao (%) Co the' trd Cd the trd Kho t r t hien hien hien thuc d mure cao thllc d mure thuc trung binh Ky su 3,2 51.2 42,6 Nghien Cliu vien 16,5 47,1 36.5 Giang vien 4,3 28,3 67,4 Phdng vien 5,1 50,8 41,1 Ky su 0,0 43,9 56,1 Nghien cUu vien 5,6 41,1 53,3 Giang vien CO 33,3 66,7 Phdng vien 0,0 38,5 61,5 Ky su 0,0 45,9 54,1 Nghien Cliu vien 1,9 41,9 56,2 Giang vien 0,0 40,0 60,0 Phdng vien 0,0 51,0 49,0 Kysu 0,0 31,8 68.2 Nghien cUu vien 3,9 33,3 62,7 Giang vien 0,0 24,2 75,8 Phong vien 0,0 50,0 50,0 Nhu vay, cd thd thiy, nhdm nghien cuxi vien ed mtte tin tudng vao tttOng lai mong mud'n cua minh cd thd trd hidn thuc la thip nhit so vdi cic nhdm khae Ly giai vin dd nhu thd nio la didu khdng don gian Cd nhieu nguydn nhan din ddn nhung danh gia Tuy nhidn, theo chung tdi ed mgt sd ly sau day: TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 35 Trudc hdt la dac didm hoat ddng nghd cua nghidn cuxi vien ed sir khac biet xa so vdi cac nghd nghiep khae Dd chin vd chuydn mdn cua nhttng ngttdi hoat ddng nghidn cuxi khoa hgc (hay ndi each khac, sir trttdng vd mat chuydn mdn cung nhu su thinh thuc vd mat nghd nghidp) so vdi cac nganh nghd khac la keo dai hon Ndu nhtt phdng vidn hay ky sU trttdng mdt vai nam la cd thd lim tttong ddi td't edng vide cua minh thi nghidn cthi vien cin cd mdt Id trinh dii hdi hon Cd nhttng can bd phai mit hang chtic nam, tham chi edn lau hon nua mdi ed thd khing dinh dugc vi thd cua minh Khi vi thd dugc khang dinh se kem theo nhidu yd'u td khac cung tang trudng theo (luong, thu nhip ) 598 i 'iK'l Ji, Vat chat AM 67 i 59 i "•" Ei 66 ^ '""^f • lllllll Gra dinh 'jChirahaiidng Chuyen mon Btttr ldng m ^ phin Dao tao Khd hai tdng Bieu dd 1: Ddnh gid cua niin tri thtte ve miie dp hodn todn cd the trd thdnh hiin thifc (so sdnh theo mdc dp hdi long viri cdng viec) - Vin de thu nhap cua nghidn ettu vidn tre la mdt nhuxig ly khidn cho hg ed mtte tin tudng vao sir hien thuc hda eiia eac mong mud'n co phin thip han so vdi nien tri thtte d nhdm nghd khac phin trdn chung ta da phan tich, mdi tuong quan gitta mtte thu nhap ciia nghidn cttu vidn tre VOI men tri thtte d cac nhdm nghd khac thi ed tdi 64,2% sd nghidn cttu vidn cd mtte thu nhap dudi tridu ddng/thang, dd d cac nhom khac ty Id la thip han nhidu (giang vidn tre 45,3%; ky su 14 9%; phong vien li 3,2%) Nhtt vay, thu nhap tha'p ed thd la mdt nhttng nguyen nhan dan lot vide nghidn cttu vidn chtta thtte su tin tudng md ttde ciia minh se tro hien thue _ Ben canh tie ddng eiia nghd nghidp thi mtte dd hai long vdi cdng viec cung CO anh huong ldn dd'n nidm tin cua nidn trt thtte NhSng ngttdi hai long cao vdi cdng vide thi cung ed nhieu nidm tin vao tuong lai Dac bidt ^^ TAP CHi TAM l y HOC, Sd (167), - nhiitig ngudi cd miic dd hai Idng cao vdi cdng viee ed tin tudng nhi^u hon rSng minh se cd ddi sd'ng vat chait d^y dii, cd mdt gia dinh hanh phiic, cd sa thang ti6'n ciing nhu dn dinh ve mat chuyen mdn (xem bieu 1) Nhu vay, cd the thay, lhanh nifin tri thiie cd nhieu mo udc va ma udc dd the hien kha tap trung Mong mud'n ldn nha't la nhihig mong mud'n lidn quan nhiiu d6'n cdng viec chuySn mdn, dat cdng viec, cd ducfe vj tri, chd diing nghi Mong mudn tiip theo Hen quan den ddi sd'ng vat cha't, thu nhap cao, 6n dinh cudc sd'ng Ben canh dd, mong mud'n ve mdt gia dinh hanh phac, mot ddi sd'ng linh thdn phong phii la nhifng mong mud'n khdng the bd ciia ho Mong mud'n ed the trd hien thuc cung duoc kha nhidu nien tri thiic khang dinh Tuy nhidn, b6n canh dd eung edn nhieu ngudi hoai nghi vl su trd hidn thuc cua mong mud'n dd Trong nhdm phai ke de'n nhdm nghien ciiu vidn tre va nhdm nhihig ngudi cd miic dd hai ldng chua cao vdi cdng viec Do vay, ngoai su nd luc cua ban than mdi can bd tre thi viec tao dung mdt mdi trudng lam viec td't, mdt co ehe lam viec cd hieu qua, dae biec ja tao dieu kien de ho ed the lam diing nghe va sd'ng dugc bang nghe se ki'ch thich dugc ho lam vide cd hidu qua va tao niim tin cho hp cdng hien siic tre cua minh cho dat nude Tai lieu tham khao Le Thi Thanh Hucfng (chu bien), Nhdn cdch vdn hod tri thdc Viet Nam lien trinh md cifa vd hpi nhgp qudc te, NXB Khoa hpc xa hoi, 2010 Cdi cdch luang cong chdc phdi du sdng, vnexpress.net/gl/kinhdoanh/2011/12 Sd lieu bai viet dugc lay tii sd li6u khao sat ciia de tai nghien ciiu khoa hgc cap Bd: "Nhihig vdn de ca bdn ciia ihanh nien tri thtic nude ta" Vien TSm ly hoc chii tri thuc hien TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd (167), - 37 ... dung gia dinh hanh phuc NhOng mong mud'n cu the dudc the hiin qua biing dudi day: Bdng 1: Mong mudn ctia men tri thdc (%) Mong muon thir nhat Mong muon thii hai Mong muon thurba Tdng Lien quan... trd thdnh hien thifc eua cde mong mudn (tinh theo % sd ngitdi cd cung lua ehpn) Noi dung mong muon Miic mong muon tra hien thuc (%) Mtte Miic Miic Mtte Mure Mure Miic Mong mudn thd nhdl 6,7 4,0... chiing tci tap trung ttm hi^u nhttng mong mu6n, nguyen vong cua nien tri thtic Nhttng mong mu6'n 66 c6 phu hop vdt su phat men cua xa h5i hay khOng? Viec tim hi& ro mong muO'n cia tSng Ifip men tn
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