Phác thảo vài nét về động cơ thành đạt của công nhân

PHAC THAO VAI NET VE DONG CO THANH DAT CUA CONG NHAN TS La Thj Thu Thdy Phd Vien Iruthg Vien Tdm ly hpc TOM T A T Nghien cihi gdn 800 cdng nhdn ldm viec tai cdc nhd mdy xi nghiep lai dia bdn cdc ttnh/llidnh phd Hd Npi, Hd Chi Minh, Bien Hod vd Hung Yen ve dpng co thdnh dat trin cdc khia canh: khdt vpng dat Ihdnh tich nd luc thdnh dat, su canh tranh irong cdng viec vd tinh mao hiem Irong cdng viec, kei qua nghien cdu cho thdy cdng nhdn cd khdt vpng dat Ihdnh lich cdng viec cd su nd luc cd gdng hodn Ihdnh nhiem vit ddi Tuy nhien, sdc thdi bieu hien cua cdc khia canh ndy cd su phdn Idn khd rd rel Ben canh dd linh canh tranh Irong cdng viec chua dupc the liien rd net Irong nhdm cdng nhdn dupc khdo sdi Ddng thdi, linh mao Idem Irong cdng viec khdng dupc the hien nghien cdu ndy Tit khoa; Dpng co Ihdnh dat; Cdng nhdn; Dpng luc Idm viec Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/11/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/12/2012 Dat van de Trong tam ly hpc, ddng cp thdnh dat dupc xem la loai dflng ca bac cao, thic ddy ngudi tfch cue lam viec MM sd khia canh cua dflng co diit ma nhifiu nha nghien cuu quan tam la: su khdt khao vuan tdi cflng, nd luc thuc hien nhiem vu nhdm dat dupc ket qua cao nhat, mic dd mao hifim cdng viec dfi dat dupc thdnh tfch, tfnh canh tranh cdng vific de hodn muc tifiu mpt each tfli tm Dflng ca dat cd vai trd rdt quan trpng ddi sdng ca nhan ndi chung vd trbng hoat dflng nghfi nghifip ndi rifing Trudc het, ddng co dat cd vai trd quan trpng viec thic ddy tfnh tich cue boat dflng cua ca nhan cfing viec Nhing ngudi cd ddng ed thdnh dat cao lufln mong mufl'n thdnh cflng, hoan thidn ky nang lam viec va canh tranh vfli nhing ngudi xung quanh, lufln mudn cd gdng dfi vupt qua mpi thi thdch qua trinh thuc hifin cflng vific dupc giao (McClelland D.) Nhieu nghifin ciu da ching minh, tipng co thdnh dat cd tucmg quan thuto vdi hdnh vi thdnh dat Mpt co quan hay mpt td chic cd nhifiu ngudi cd ddng cd dat thi td chic dfl se phat trifin nhanh, TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd (166), 1-2013 23 bfin ving, hifiu qua cflng viec dat kfit qua tfl't {McClelland D., McEwan L and Goldenberg) So sanh gitta nhing ngufli cfl ddng co thdnh dat cao vd nhttng ngudi cp ddng Cd dat thd'p, nghifin cttu cua Atkinson J (ddn theo International Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1996) da cho tha'y, nhttng ngudi cd ddng ca dat cao khdc vdi nhttng ngudi cfl ddng cd thdnh dat thdp d phan ing vfi mat cam xic vfli nhttng thdnh qud dat dupc Nhttng ngudi cd ddng cd dat cao cd xu hudng mud'n vudt qua nhttng thi thach mdi, dd nhttng ngudi cd ddng Cd dat thdp lai cd ve sp nhung thi thach mdi Nghien ciu cua Holder, Weiner B (ddn theo Tucker-Ladd) cung da chi ro, ngudi cd ddng cd dat cap thudng xuyfin tifi'p can hdn la nfi tranh nhttng nhifim vu duoc giao, bfli vi hp tin tudng thdnh cflng la nhd vao nang lire vd su cd gang va hp tin chdc vdo dieu dd Theo hp, thdt bai cd nguyfin nhan ttt su thifi'u may mdn hoac nhidm vu dat qud khfl khan c h i khdng phai bdn than hp Mac d i vay, ldi ddn dfi'n su sai ldm khflng lam tdn thuang ldng tu trpng cua lip Ngupc lai, hp cd gdng hfit mtte de tap nen su cflng Hp tin tudng vao chfnh cdng vific ma hp dang dam nhiem Khi gap nhttng nhiem vu khd khan, ngudi cd dflng ca dat cao thudng kien tri bfin bi nhdm dat dUdc hifiu qua cdng vific hdn la t i bd nd, bdi vi hp quan nifim rdng, thdt bai cfl nguyen nhan ttt su thifi'u su nfl luc Nhttng ngudi cd ddng cd thdnh dat cao thudng lua ehpn nhttng thi thach d mic tUdng ddi khfl khan Nhu vay, dflng cfl dat cd vai trd rdt quan trpng cuflc sd'ng cua cd nhan ndi chung va hoat ddng nghfi nghiep ndi rifing Nfl la dflng luc thic day tinh tich cue boat dpng ciia cd nhan nhdm hodn tfl't nhiem vu cua ca nhSn va tap the de Cdng nhan la nhung ngudi true tifi'p lao dflng tai cdc nhd may, xi nghifip, cfl sd san xudt Cau hfli dat la cflng nhan cd dpng ca dat khfing? Nfiu cd thi dupc thfi hien d mic dp nao? Nfli dung bai vifi't se dfi cap dfi'n nhttng va'n de trCn Khach the va phuong phap nghien curu Khach thfi cua nghifin ciu bao gdm khoang 800 cdng nhan dang lam viee tai cac nha may, xf nghifip ddng trfin dia ban cac tinh/thanh phd: Ha Nfli, Hd Chi Minh, Bifin Hoa va Hung Yen Khao sat dupc tifi'n hanh nam 2011 PhUdng phap nghifin ciru chi yfi'u dupc s i dung Id bang hdi va phdng vdn sau at dam bao tin cay cua cac ket qua nghien cttu, bang hfli duoc xay dung theo thang likerkt mic Mdi mdt khfa canh cua ddng cd dat dude ddnh gid bdng mdt thang gdm nhieu mtoh de, thfi hifin nhttng bifiu hifin cu thfi khdc vfi khfa canh dd Dfi dam bao tfnh khdch quan cua kfi't 24 TAP CHITAM Lf HOC, Sd (166), - 2013 qua nghi6n cihi, bang hoi, cac menh de cua cac thang khac duoc trgn Iln cung mot cau hoi nham han che nhttng cau tra ldi cua khach the nghien cihi theo hu6ng mong dgi xa hgi Bang phep phan tich yeu to, chiing toi chie't xuat dugc yeu to de danh gia ddng co dat cua cong nhan va tinh toan d6 tin cay ciia timg thang Ke't qua tin cay ciia timg thang nhu sau: - Thang khat vgng dat lich gom 13 items, tin cay alpha Cronback-0,73 - Thang n6 luc dat gom 10 items, tin ciiy alpha Cronback = 0,70 - Thang tinh canh tranh cong viec gom 11 items, tin cay alpha Cronback = 0,68 Voi tin cay neu tren, cac thang co the chap nhan dugc nghien cihi Rieng thang tinh mao hiem c6ng viec co tin cay thap, tuong quan giira cac menh de khdng cao (< 0,03) Vl vay, thang khong dugc su dung de phan tfch ket qua nghien ciiu Ke't qua nghien cu:u 3.1 Sdc thdi bieu hien ddng ca thdnh dgt cua cdng nhdn Ket qua nghien cun tren toan thang cho thay, die'm trung blnh ciia d6ng CO dat cua cong nhan la 3,79/5 diem; diem trung vi: 3,81 Nhu vay, dpng CO dat cua cong nhan dugc the hien thong qua thang la tuong doi cao Phan chia dgng co dat cac tieu thang khat vong dat, n6 lire dat tich va su ganh dua cong viec cho thay cac sJc thai khac ciia dpng ccf dat cua cong nhan la kha da dang Khat vgng dat va n6 lire dat tich cua cong nhan dat diem kha cao Trong do, tinh canh tranh, tinh ganh dua cong viec dat diem tha'p hon (xem bang 1) Bdng I: Ddnh gid chung ve dgng ca thdnh dgt cua cdng nhdn Bifuhien ciia dong co dat Cac phep thong ke Diem trung binh Diem trung vi D6 Itch chuan Didm trung binh ihap nha't Diim trung ,binh cao nhat "—-—.^^ Khat vong dat tich 4.13 4,23 0,52 1,00 5,00 N6 luc dat tich 4,13 4,17 0,51 2.22 5,00 Tinh canh tranh cong viec 3,59 3.55 0.57 1.45 5,00 Giu chti Dieni tnmg hinh diigc litili llieo lhang diein Irong dieiii ihd'p nliu'l Id I dicni cao nha) la Dieiii trnng binh cdng cao ihi mice tlielucn cang mgnh TAP CHI TAML? HOC, S o l (166), - 2013 2.') Ke't qua nghien ciu cu thfi vfi cac khfa canh bieu hien cua dfing cfl dat cua cflng nhan cho tha'y: Khdt vpng dai ihdnh lich ciio cdng nhdn Thi nhdt, khat vong dat thdnh tfch cua cdng nhan dUdc the hien d mic tUdng ddi cao (DTB = 4,13; khoang tren dudi 70% sd cdng nhan danh gia khdt vpng dat cia minh trCn 4/5 diilt)) Sdc thdi bieu hiCn khat vpng thdnh dat cua cflng nhdn dupc thfi hien fl mpt sd difim chfnh sau day: - Phdn ldn cflng nhan dupc hdi ludn cd nhing suy nghT ve tudng lai vd md uflc dat dupc nhieu thdnh tfch trpng cflng vide (79,5% sd cflng nhan ddng y vdi nhan djnh nay, DTB = 4,28) Phdn ldn cflng nhan ddnh gid cao nhing ngudi dat tfch cdng vific (83,0% sd cflng nhin ddng f vdi quan nifim ndy; DTB = 4,36) - Phdn ldn cflng nhan cam tha'y lam viec cd hifiu qua hifiu rd y nghTa cua viec minh lam (86,1 % sd cfing nhan ddng y vdi quan niem nay; DTB = 4,42) - Cing vfli y nghia do, hdu bet cflng nhan cam thay nhu dupc tang them sic manh cdng vific thuc hifin trdi chay (90,4% sd cdng nhan cd cung quan difim; DTB = 4,52) - Phdn ldn cdng nhan cam thdy, nfiu khdng cd khat vpng dat thi cupc sd'ng kem thi vi (80% sd cdng nhan ddng y vdi quan nifim nay; DTB = 4,16) Bdng 2: Khdt vpng dpi thdnh lich ctia cdng nhdn Khat vong dat tich Diem trung binh Do lech chuan Ay nay, kh6ng yen iam khonp hoan Ihiinh nhiem vu 4.18 1.03 Thudng suy nghl v^ luong lai va mo udc dai duoc nhi^u ihiinh lich 4.28 0,98 T6i le nhat la Ihirc hien khflng ihanh c6ng c6ng viec quan 3,88 1,28 Danh gia cao nhirng nguai dat Ihanh lich Irong c6ng viec 4,36 0.95 Lam viec hieu qua hon hi^u ro y nghia ciia viec minh lam 4,42 0,89 Thfch thirc hien cOng viec tuong d6i kho nhimg kha thi hon la cOng viec qua de 3.73 1,13 Mu6'n gi6'ng nhihig ngu5i thuc su say mfi cOng viec va dat 3,74 1,17 Rat bu6n kh6ng dat dupc ke't quii mong mudn 4.10 1,08 26 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (166), - 2013 Khi cOng viec thirc hien trdi chay, cam tha'y nhu duoc tang them sllc manh 4,52 0,87 10 N^u khdng cd khai vong dat thi cudc sd'ng kem ph^n thii vi 4,16 1.10 11 (Tam thay khdng yen tam khdng iam viec uong thdi gian dai 4,03 1.05 12 Thich cdng viec ddi hoi tri lire hoac ky nang hon la nhimg cdng viec qua don gian va de thuc hien 3,92 1.08 DTB chung 4,13 Ghi chu: Diem trung binh diroc linh llieo thang diem 5, dd diem thd'p nhd't Id I, diem cao nhd't Id Diem Iruiig bhih cdng cao thi nuic llie hien cdng mgnh Cung nghidn cihi nay, chung toi khao sat dong co dat cua doanh nhan v6i ciing thang dpng co dat ciia cong nhan Ke't qua nghien ciiu cho tha'y, ne'u so sanh moi titong quan giiia khat vong dat tich ciia cong nhan v6i khat vpng dat ciia doanh nhan thi b cong nhan la thap hon dang ke Diem khat vpng dat tich cua doanh nhan la 4,21/5 di^m {LeThi Thanh Huang, 2012), cong nhan la 4,13/5 diem Ke't qua nghien cihi cho tha'y, khat vong dat tich cua cCng nhan the hien qua cac menh d6 danh gia la khong tap trung Vdri dC lech chuan ciia hau het cac menh de Icfn hon da chiing to co su phan tan kha ro net nhan dinh cua cac nhom cong nhan ve van de Su phan tan the hien ch6, mot so cong nhan co khat vpng dat tich rat cao, nhung ngupc lai, mpt so c6ng nhan lai co khat vpng dat tich th^p Nhom ngufti co khat vpng dat tich cao phai ke de'n nhirng c6ng nhan khong bang long v6i c6ng viec hien tai, luon n6 lire hpc hoi va vuon len cong Viec chuyen mon ciing nhu cong viec chung cua tap the Trong cong tac chuyen mon, nhieu cong nhan rat hang say voi cong viec cua minh, cd gang tim toi, hpc hoi de cat tien day chuyen san xuat nham tang nang sua't lao dpng Nhieu cong nhan tich cure tham gia cac hoat dpng nham nang cao tay nghe Nhieu cong nhan tham gia cac cupc thi tay nghe gioi liudc va quO'c te' Nhi6u c6ng nhan dat dupc nhiing tich cao, mang vinh quang ve cho dcfn vi minh ciing nhu vinh quang ve cho && nucfc KhOng chi tich cue tham gia cac cong viec mang tinh chuyen mon, nhiing ngucfi co d5ng co dat cao n6 luc tham gia cac hoat dpng mang tinh xa h6i Tam su ciia mpt cong nhan cho tha'y: "Trong nhung dot cong ty phdt dpng thi tim hieu ve Chu tich Ton Diic Thdng, roi tim hieu ve tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, tdi dd chiing kien cdnh nhieu chi em dit ldm viec, tdng ca rdt vdt vd nhung vdn tranh thu thi gid rdnh de de'n nhd sdch tim tu lieu tham gia Nhd trg chat hep, khong co bdn ghe'thi chi em ke gid'y len giudng vie't bdi du thi Nhieu TAP CHI'TAM Lt HOC, Sol (166), 1-2013 27 bdi thi cdng phu, viel ddi den md'y dfli gidy hpc trd Ntii dieu ndy de thdy rang dd trinh dp vdn hda chUa cao, du ddi sdng nhieu kho khdn nhung cdng nhdn chung Idi tdl ham hieu bie'l ham hpc hoi" (theo http://www.baomoi.com) Tuy nhien, bfin canh dfl, kfi't qua nghifin ciu cung da chi ro, nhifiu cflng nhan chua cd khat vong dat thdnh tfch, dac bifit la nhdm cflng nhan lam cac cflng vific mang tfnh thi cflng, lao dflng chan tay, khflng sir dung cdng nghe cao Kfi't qua khdo sat Td chic CARE qufl'c te tai Vifit Nam vd Trung tam Cflng tdc xa hfli thifi'u nifin (Hfli Lifin hifip Thanh nifin phd Hd Chf Minh) cho tha'y: Trfin 90% sd 2.000 cdng nhan dude khao sat cua Nhd may gidy Pou Yuen, Binh Chanh, phd Hd Chi Minh cho rdng uflrc mo 10 nam tfli la "dai qud", "chua nghT tdi", "ching ndo tdi se tdi", "hoi nao gid khdng udc md gi hfit, mdn nao sd'ng dfl" (ddn theo http:// www.baomoi.com) Ly khifi'n cflng nhan khdng uflc mfl la lUdng thdp, khdng cfl tay nghfi, chuyfin mfln, thifiu vfln dfi ngoai lam an bufln ban, cdng vific khfing dn dinh, bfinh tat bat ngd, khflng cd thdi gian tifi'p xuc, giao luu vfli nhing ngudi khac Nd luc dpi Ihdnh tich cong viec cua cong nhdn Cd the tha'y, md uflc, khat vpng dat tfch cdng viec cua cflng nhan dUdc thfi hifin thdng qua thang dfl la tudng dfl'i cao Dieu da thfli thuc hp nd luc hdn cflng vide Chinb vi thfi kfi't qua thang nd luc dat thdnh tich cua cdng nhan cung d mic difim tuong duflng vdi difim khat vpng thdnh dat (khodng trfin dudi 70% sd cdng nhan danh gid nfi luc dat tfch cua minh vdi diem sd trdn diem; DTB = 4,13) Tuy nhien difiu dfi nhan thay, cung gid'ng nhu khat vpng dat thdnh tfch, nfi lire thdnh dat cia cdng nhan cd su phan tdn khd rd net Dp lech chuan cua cdc menh de thang xdp xi I cho thdy rdt ro difiu Bdng 3: Nfl luc dat ihdnh tich cua cong nhdn Diem trung blnh Do lech chuan Khi gap kho khan thucmg tran ir6 tim nhi^u each de hoan cong viec 4,35 0,88 Nhan tha'y lien tue c6' gang c6ng viec 4.09 1.01 Trong cOng viSc cd nhiJng muc tifiu ro rang va pha'n da'u vi muc lifiu 4,21 0,95 Moi ngirdi cho rang tOi la nguoi tich cue cong vi6c 3.59 1,00 Lam vific cSt luc dfi' dat Avscsc muc tifiu d^ 4.07 1,00 N luc dai tich 28 TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd (166), - 2013 Trong c6ng vific, cd gang hoan Ihifin de'n ting chi ti^t nho 4,31 0,91 Tiong c6ng viec ctf gang pha'n da'u d^ dat duoc tat cii nhiing gi minh CO 4,26 , 0.99 Co ke hoach dai han cho cong vice ciia minh va limg budc Ihuc hien ke' hoach 1,93 1.09 Lam viec CO hieu qua va lu6n c6' gang hoan tdt cdng viec cua minh 4,18 0.93 10 Muc lieu pha'n da'u mol cao hcfn 3.99 l.ll DTB chung 4,1.1 Ghi chu: Diem trung binh duac linh theo thang diem 5, dd diem thd'p nhdt la I, diem cao nhd't Id Diem trung binh cdng cao thi ini'rc the hien cdng manh Mpt so chi bao cho thay cong nhan the hien sir n6 lire dat tich cong vi6c bao gom: - Khi gap kho khan cong vi6c, nhieu c6ng nhan thirdng tran tro tim each de hoan cong viec (86,6%) Co nhiing cong nhan mac du khoang each tir nha den cong ty kha xa, th6i gian lam viec ca kip, nhung hang ho van thudng d6'n sotn, ve mupn di tranh thu hoc hoi dOng nghiep di trucfc tir nghien ciiu de cai tien ky thuat nham dat tfch cao cong viec Nhu trircmg hgp N.T.H c6ng nhan phan xuong may 1, C6ng ty co phan Det 10-10, luon tu mo mam, nghien cuxi de tim phuong phap loai bo thao tac thira quy trinh san xuat V6i su n6 luc cao, chi lu6n luon dSn d^u v6 so lugng va chat lugng san pham, thang nao cung vugt miic khoan tit 30% den 50% {theo hltp:ll www.baomoi.com) - Nhieu cong nhan cho rang, cong viec hg co gang hoan thien den tiing chi tie't (85%) Dieu co th^ thay ro d nhung cong nhan lam viec moi trucmg san xuat cong nghiep Duoc tiep xiic v6i may moc hien dai, !am viec moi trudng day chuyen khep kin budc cong nhan phai chfnh xac hoa cac thao tac mpt each tuypt doi de khdng anh hudng den nhQng cong doan tiep theo Tuy nhi6n, ddi vdi nhirng cdng nhan lam cac cdng viec thu cdng thi miic cd gang hoan thien cdng vipc d6'n tiing chi tiet cung chua dugc the hien ro net Nhieu cdng nhan cdn the hien tac phong lam viec thieu khoa hgc Phan ldn cac nha quan ly doanh nghipp ddu cd chung quan diem cho riing, su tuan thu ky luat lao ddng cua nhom cong nhan hipn chua tdt Di6u duoc the hien ro qua viec thirc hien gid giac lao dpng, giff gin tai san chung cua cdng ty y thiic chap hanh ndi quy an toan va bao hp lao ddng - Nhieu cdng nhan cho rang, cdng vipc hg cd gang phan da'u de dat dugc t^t ca nhirng gi minh co (82,4%) Dong thdi, nhi^u ngudi khang dinh, ban TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd (166), 1-2013 29 than lu6n cd gjng hoan tdt c6ng viec ciia minh (76,7%) Nhidu cong nhan cd nhiing sang kidn dem lai lgi i'ch cao cho doanh nghiep Don cii nhu y tucmg ciia mflt nO cflng C6ng ty cd phSn thuc phim Cholimex da lam liJi cho doanh nghiep mdi nSm ddn ti ddng "Cfl cflng nhdn hoa Ihuc phdm dd de xudl^ Ihay mdt fl'ng ddn ddi 3m cda hi Ihfl'ng gidi nhiit cH bang dng ddi 6m Chi mdt thay ddi nhd vdy md gidi quyet duac chuyen gidi nhiet giiip ndng sudt Ihdnh phdm tdng len 60%, cflng nhdn khflng cdn ldng ca cdng thdng nhu truflc md Ihu nhdp lai Idng nen cdng vui Sdng kien dy dd van hdnh d cd ba he Ihfl'ng gidi nhiel cua cdc loai sdn phdm" (http://m.tuoitre.vn) Tinh canh Iranh Irong cflng viec Bdng 4: Tinh canh Iranh Irong cflng viec Tinh canh tranh cong viec Diem trung blnh Do lech chuan Cam giac thua k6m ngudi khac thucfng lim ban than day diit 3,69 1,23 Trong c6ng vific co nhung muc lieu duqc xac dinh ro rang va pha'n dau vl nhihig muc lieu 4,07 1,01 Khi Iam viec thucmg c6 gang lam t6't hon ngu6i khac 4,01 1,02 Lam viec hieu qua hdn thuc hien cOng viec th^ hien nang Iuc ciia minh 3.69 1.26 Nhi^u luc c6' gang lam viec vi khbng mu6'n ngu6i khac danh gia minh thiS'u nang Iuc 3,92 1.13 Ddi vdi ban than, ihang cu6c la quan 2,83 1.24 Trong cong viec luon c6' gang la ngudi dan diu 3,64 1.15 Trong cong viec thucmg hay so sanh ke't qua cilia mmh v6i ke't qua cua ngu5i khac 3.52 1,29 Thu6ng nghi ve danh hieu 3,26 1.30 10 Kh6ng thich lam eOng viec ma chua chac chan la se thinh c6ng 3,46 1,21 11 Doi v6i ban than, cGng cOng viec Ik lam I6i hcfn nhung nguai khac 3,39 1,29 Diem trung blnh chung 3,59 Ghi chti: Diem trung binh dupc tinh theo thang diem 5, dd diem thdp nhdt la diem cao nhdt Id Die'm trung binh cang cao tlii mile dp the liien cdng manh Tinh canh tranh cflng viec la mpt khia canh thd hien cia dflng co dat Nd la luc de thiic diy ca nhan hanh dflng Theo quan diem ciia 30 TAPCHlTAM Lt HOC, Sd (166), - 2013 McClelland, dflng CO dat luon gSn vdi tinh thSn canh tranh Nhihig nghien ciiu ciia ong da chi ring, nhtmg ngudi cd dong co dat cao luon khat khao cflng, hoan thiSn ky nang lam viec va canh tranh vfli nhihig ngudi xung quanh, lufln cd gSng dd vuot qua thU thach qua trinh thuc hien nhiem vu duoc giao Thuc td cho tha'y, mfli trudng canh tranh se thfli thiic ngudi hoat dpng de dat duoc hieu qua cao nha't cflng viec Trong nghien cim nay, ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y, tinh canh tranh cflng viec khflng duoc the hien ro net d cflng nhan, thang tinh canh tranh cflng viec chi d miic trung bmh (dat 3,59/5 diem) Mac dii co mflt sd chi bao duoc nhieu cflng nhan lira chon nhu: Xac dinh dupc muc tieu cflng vice va pha'n da'u vi nhiJng muc tieu (76,6%); Khi lam viec thudng cd gang lam tfl't hon ngudi khac (72,7%); Nhidu luc cd gang lam viec vi khong mufl'n ngudi khac danh gia minh thidu nang luc (70,3%); Lam viec hieu qua hon thuc hien cflng viec thd hien nang luc ciia minh (61,0%); Cam giac thua kem ngudi khac thudng lam ban than day diit (60,5%) nhung ben canh it ngudi cho rang: thang cuoc la quan trpng (29,7%); it ngufli nghT den danh hieu dat dupc (44,5%); nhidu ngudi thi'ch lam nhiing cflng viec quen thupc va khong thich lam cflng viec ma chua chac chdn se dem de'n cflng (4'7,7%) Nhu vay, sac thai bieu hien ciia Xinh canh tranh cflng viec ciia cflng nhan the hien khflng ro net Due rtit kinh nghiem cflng cflng vice ciia nhidu nguori dat, Jin Kai An da tdng ket: "Nhirng ngufli huang ve thdnh cdng cdn phdi hieu xd hpi van vdt c/ua chpn Ipc lu nhien Irfli thi thdng, kem Ihi bi ddo thai, chi cfl nhitng ngufli ddm canh Iranh, Idn Ihdnh canh Iranh Ihi cfl the gidnh duac khodng trdi cua minh'^ (Jin Kai An, ) Dfl'i vcri cong nhan, tinh canh tranh khflng duoc thd hien ro net bang cac dfl'i tupng khac Tuy nhien, ne'u kich thi'ch tinh canh tranh lanh manh cflng nhan, tao cho hp CO san choi dd hp thd hien he't kha nang ciia minh, chihrig to dupc nang luc ciia ban than minh trucrc ngufli khac cUng la mflt bien phap manh, kich thich ca nhan nd luc pha'n da'u, dat hieu qua cao cflng viec 3.2 Dpng lire thiic ddy cdng nhan ldm viec Mflt cau hoi dat la dieu gi thfli thiic cflng nhan nd luc, cd gang de dat hieu qua cao cflng viec? Kdt qua khao sat cho tha'y, co nhieu gia tri thiic diy cflng nhan nfl luc, cd gang lam viec, sfl' dd cd nhiing gia tri mang y nghia vat chdt, cd nhiing gia tri mang y nghia xa hfli, cd gia tri mang y nghia ca nhan va cfl nhiing gia tri mang y nghia gia dinh Xet ve tdng the, dflng luc cd gia tri thiic day nhieu nha't, giiip cflng nhan nfl lire cao nhit cflng viec thuflc vd cac gia tri mang y nghTa vat chat: "kie'm dupc nhieu tidn" (75,2%); "cd dieu kien dd gidp dor gia dinh, dam bao TAP CH( TAM LV HOC, Sol (166), 1-2013 31 cuflc so'ng vat cha't cho con" (63,2%); "cd cuflc sflng vat cha't dSy dii, sung tiic" (I9,2'7,.) Tie'p ddn lii cac gia tri mang y nghTa ca nhan, ciing cd ky nang nghd nghiep, thd hien duoc nang luc cua ban than minh cung dupc mflt sd cflng nhan coi iioiig nhu: "mufl'n liim chu cuflc sflng, khflng bi phu thuflc vao ngudi khac'^ (44.2','4/chap4j.htm, 1996 - 2000 Nhd d, bi'ra dn vd dicii kien hpc tgp, http://www.baomoi.com/Home/DoiNoiDoiNgoai/www.sggp.org.vn/Nguyen-vcng-cua-cong-nhan-tao-dong-TPHCM-Nha-o-bua-anva-dieu-kien-hoc-tap/1826157.epi)< N(? cong nhdn tichi bieu, http://www.baomoi.com/Home/LaoDohg/h;m()imoi.com.vn/Nucong-nhan-lieu-bieii/6,'i65912 cpi Khi cdng nhdn tie ddm nglu khdc, http://m.tuoitre,vn/tm-tuc/Nhip-song-tre/Nliip-songtre/175203,Khi-cong-nhan-tre-dam-nghi-khac.ttm ^4 TAP CHI'TAM LV HQC, S6' (igg^^ ^ 2013