SLA and motivation pot

SLA and motivation Introduction Types of motivation Motivation in three stages at information processing How to enhance motivation in classroom Types of demotivation Table of contents Definition • General motivation Garder (1972), Ames (1992) & Brophy ( 2004): Motivation: constituting a need or a desire that serves to activate behavior; to create and sustain intentions and goal-seeking acts • Foreign language learning motivation Burden (2000); Pintritch & Schunk (1996) & Karverlas ( 1996): Motivation : referring to the need or want which energizes behavior and gives it direction to achieve the goal. Specifically, Williams & Burden (2002): motivation in foreign language learning is taken more of an interest. Types of Motivation Types of Motivation According to Rod Ellis (1997) • Instrumental motivation • Integrative motivation • Resultative motivation • Intrinsic motivation Instrumental motivation • Functional reason Ex:  to pass an examination  to get a better job  to get a place at university • Be the major force determining success in L2 learning Integrative motivation Learners: interested in the people and culture represented in the target language group. Review 1. Which of the following is an example of instrumental motivation?  Learning Chinese to communicate with grandparents.  Learning Spanish to learn more about the culture and people of southern Mexico.  Learning French in order to join an arts group in Montreal.  Learning Japanese to get a good work assignment in Japan. Review 2. Whether students are successful or not in language learning depends on whether they have specific cognitive abilities required for language learning.  True  False 3. Motivation to learn a language is quite stable and students' motivations rarely change.  True  False Resultative motivation - Motivation is the cause of L2 achievement. - However, motivation that results from success in learning is referred as the resultative motivation • (Ellis, 1997) • Ex: The people who succeed -> maintain and increase motivation • Ex: The people who don't succeed ->become discouraged and gain less success • -> Teachers need to design interesting tasks for the learner -> motivation as a result of learning. [...]... have much fun in English class Motivation in three stages of information processing model of foreign language learning Content • Three stages of information processing model • The link between motivation and three stages of information processing Information processing model INPUT (encountering with the new material) CENTRAL PROCESSING ( connections between new material and existing knowledge) OUTPUT... Kikuchi, 2009) • Consider task motivation through learning tasks (Dörnyei 2001, Rastegar, Akbarzadeh, & Heidari 2012, Wu 2003) Demotivation factors in the EFL class • Characteristics of classes • Experiences of failure * • Lack of interests * Experiences of failure • Disappointment on Test scores • Lacking of acceptance by teachers and others • Feeling unable to memorize vocabulary and fulfill difficult assignments... processing (connections between new material and existing knowledge) • the memory systems of the learners; shortterm, working and long-term memory systems • the task action control strategies determine which actions will be taken by learners Output (demonstration of the acquired knowledge) • providing opportunities for contextualized, meaningful use • testing out hypotheses about the target language • moving... to a syntactic analysis of it • proceeding to informative feedback and thus facilitate learners’ noticing (Swan, 1985) Impact of the classroom environment on intrinsic motivation Competence or Autonomy? 1 I’m sure I can be a good student if I work harder, even when I do poorly on some tasks or activities 2 I’m certain I can understand what is taught in class if I pay attention 3 In classroom discussion,... 1994) • Integrative strategy training (Paris & Jacobs, 1984; Paris &Byrnes, 1989; Stright et al., 2001) Types of demotivators Demotivational factors • • • • • • Teachers Class environment Class material Characteristics of classes Experience of failure Lack of intrinsic motivation Demotivation factors in the EFL class • Characteristics of classes • Experiences of failure * • Lack of interests * Characteristics...Intrinsic motivation (IM) -The arousal and maintenance of curiosity - Learner’s particular interests - Learners feel personally involved in learning activities -3 types of IM (based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) (Deci & Ryan, 1985):  IM-Knowledge  IM-Accomplishment  IM- Stimulation Intrinsic motivation (IM) a IM-Knowledge -The pleasure of knowing... answer questions in class because I want to see whether my answer is correct or not L2 intrinsic motivation (IM): b IM -Accomplishment -The pleasure of accomplishing goals Example: + I am proud of myself when I can say something in English + I actively participate in activities to see how good I am L2 intrinsic motivation (IM): c IM-Stimulation -The pleasure sensed when doing the task Example: +I like... choosing the METHOD of learning - Freedom in choosing PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES - Integrative strategy training IM - Knowledge IM – Accomplishment IM - Stimulation PA Extended SDT-based framework of L2 intrinsic motivation (Wu, 2003) Perceived Competence Perceived competence • • • • Predictive learning environment Necessary instructional support Moderately challenging tasks Evaluation that emphasize self-improvement... processing model INPUT (encountering with the new material) CENTRAL PROCESSING ( connections between new material and existing knowledge) OUTPUT ( demonstration of the acquired knowledge) (Duong, n.d.) Motivation at input stage Chomsky (see: Jane Amold,2003:13): “ the truth of matter is that about 99% of teaching is making the students feel interested in the material” • Teachers should introduce: - Content... do in English class are always meaningful to me Perceived competence 1 I’m sure I can be a good student if I work harder, even when I do poorly on some tasks or activities 2 I’m certain I can understand what is taught in class if I pay attention 3 Compared with other students in this class, I think I am a good student Perceived autonomy 1 In classroom discussion, I always feel free to say what I want . SLA and motivation Introduction Types of motivation Motivation in three stages at information processing How to enhance motivation in classroom Types. Ellis (1997) • Instrumental motivation • Integrative motivation • Resultative motivation • Intrinsic motivation Instrumental motivation • Functional reason